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SL IB Biology II – Nervous System Practice
1.
(a)
each.
Name: ___________________________
Identify the structures labelled I and II on the diagram of the elbow joint below and give a function of
(2)
(b)
Explain how the action of the muscles is co-ordinated at this joint by the nervous system.
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(3)
(c)
State and describe two injury that could occur in this joint.
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(2)
2.
(a)
Annotate a labelled diagram to show the structure of a motor neuron and indicate with an arrow the
direction of the nerve impulse.
(3)
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(b)
State the structure which attaches muscles to bones.
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(1)
(c)
Explain how the structure of a long bone makes it suitable to its function.
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(3)
3.
(a)
Outline synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles.
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(4)
(b)
Explain how actin and myosin cause muscle contraction.
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(3)
4.
(a)
State the two divisions of the human skeletal system.
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(1)
(b)
Identify the division of the human nervous system in which the spinal cord is found.
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(1)
5.
Outline the organization of the human nervous system.
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(Total 2 marks)
2
6.
(a)
Annotate the labelled parts in the following diagram of two neurons.
X
X
X
X
X
I ..........................
X
X
X
X
X
X
II ..........................
(2)
(b)
Explain the roles of calcium ions in the following activities:
(i)
in the transmission of nerve impulses;
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(2)
(ii)
in skeletal muscle contraction.
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(2)
1.
2.
The movement of which ion initiates an action potential?
A.
Calcium
B.
Magnesium
C.
Sodium
D.
Potassium
What is the role of active transport in the transmission of nerve impulses by neurones?
A.
Propagates an action potential by pumping sodium ions across the membrane out of the neurone.
B.
Propagates an action potential by pumping sodium ions across the membrane into the neurone.
C.
Initiates the action potential needed for the transmission of an impulse by pumping calcium ions out of
the endoplasmic reticulum.
D.
Establishes the resting potential needed for the transmission of an impulse by pumping sodium and
potassium ions across the membrane.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
In a nerve impulse, what happens at the site following the highest point of the action potential?
A.
Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open and Na+ is pumped in.
B.
Voltage-gated sodium ion channels open and Na+ diffuses out.
C.
Voltage-gated potassium ion channels open and K+ is pumped out.
D.
Voltage-gated potassium ion channels open and K+ diffuses out.
What substance enters the presynaptic neuron during synaptic transmission and what substance leaves it?
Substance entering presynaptic neuron
Substance leaving presynaptic neuron
A.
Neurotransmitter
Calcium ions (Ca2+)
B.
Neurotransmitter
Sodium ions (Na+)
C.
Sodium ions (Na+)
Neurotransmitter
D.
Calcium ions (Ca2+)
Neurotransmitter
What is the role of ligaments in the elbow joint?
A.
Attach biceps to radius
B.
Reduce friction between humerus, ulna and radius
C.
Hold humerus, ulna and radius in proper alignment
D.
Secrete synovial fluid
What causes a resting potential to develop in a neuron?
A.
Diffusion of sodium and potassium ions
B.
Active transport of sodium and potassium ions
C.
Active transport of sodium and diffusion of chloride ions
D.
Active transport of potassium and diffusion of chloride ions
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