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ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT & CHARACTERISTICS tutorial II. III. I. I First Characteristic to categorize (shape) SYMMETRY http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/animation_quizzes/graphics/dim7s1c.ram • RADIAL (round) • BI-LATERAL (2 even sides) Zygote to Embryo Development mesoderm A. EARLY DEVELOPMENT http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp20/200200 1.html • 3 LAYERS OF GASTRULA • a. Ectoderm, outer layer, skin, nerves, sense organs • b. Mesoderm, middle layer, circulatory, muscle, reproductive & excretory systems. • c. Endoderm, inner layer, digestive tract, respiratory system COELOM (body cavity) DIGESTIVE TRACT II. BODY CAVITY DEVELOPMENT • 1. COELOMATES ANIMALS W/A BODY CAVITY lined by MESODERM tissue around digestive tract -a fluid filled space for cushioning organs-Like a tube w/in a tube All Vertebrates (animals w/backbones) are COELOMATES , earthworms, crustacean, insects & shellfish II. BODY CAVITY DEVELOPMENT • 2. PSEUDOCOELOMATES -There is a BODY CAVITY, but the digestive tract is not lined by MESODERM tissue -Roundworms are PSEUDOCOELOMATES II. BODY CAVITY DEVELOPMENT • 3. ACOELOMATES - NO BODY CAVITY –solid mass of ectoderm, mesoderm & endoderm tissues, there are no hollow spaces - Flatworms are acoelomates CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS A. Movement • at any point in life cycle • Water based movement Some animal movement is only when gametes or zygotes like sea sponges and coral • Air based movement flying-insects, birds, bats • Land based movement- crawling-snakes, walkingmammals • Appendages for movement legs, wings etc B. Digestion on the hyperlinks, click the arrows to advance • 1. INTRACELLULAR occurs w/in cells. Use organelles, vacuoles & lysosomes to digest. Sponges, Paramecium 2. EXTRACELLULAR food is broken down inside a gastrovascular cavity & inside cells both use enzymes. Earthworms, Humans some examples C. Respiration Exchange of O2/CO2 • Different Types of Structures • 1. TRACHEAL TUBES-insects, INTERNAL • 2. BOOK LUNGS-Anthropods -crabs, spidersEXTERNAL • 3. GILLS, water animals fish, sharks, EXTERNAL – Fish use a complex gill structure • 4. MANTLE LUNGS-Mollusks -snails, Internal membranes for diffusion of gases – Humans are internal, but lungs are membranes, so gases diffuse through our aveoli at the ends of our lung tissue. CO2 goes out O2 goes in Air Sacs in birds lungs Normal Breathing Take the quiz after you are done with the animations Book lungs Anthropodsspiders, crabs Mantle lungs mollusks Types of Circulation click the arrow to advance the tutorial • 2 TYPES OF CIRCULATION SYSTEMS • OPEN-Blood is not in veins. Diffuses through membranes • CLOSED -blood is in VESSELS, i.e.-veins, capillaries, etc D. Excretion Sweating & Removal of waste that contains Nitrogen • Water Animals Excrete Ammonia NH3 • Land Animals- mammals urea as urine • Birds & Insects-Excrete uric acid, a thick paste. There is no urine & feces. It is all one package. • Simple animals, flatworms, spongesDiffusion of ammonia through cell membranes E. Respond to Environment • Nerves • 1. Simple -Nerve net, Chord or ring structures – Jellyfish , starfish, flatworms Nervous System • 2. CEPHALIZATION more complex-Sensory nerves on end of body. Primitive brain- shell fish, squid • Animals that are bilateral usually have a brain Nervous System • 3. Central nervous system -more complex animals, mammals – NERVE NETWORK, Spinal cord, complex brain F. Reproduction • 1. INTERNAL-more complex organisms, Mammals, some fish – Protects offspring – Produce fewer offspring placentas • 2. EXTERNAL-Less complex organisms, Amphibians, Jellyfish, some Insects. Eggs – Lots of offspring, offspring are not protected from the environment