Download Direct VS Indirect speech

Direct VS Indirect
speech
Direct speech = “…”
Mostly important for essay writing or research paper
Watch a clip from “School of Rock” and see what you can find on Direct Speech
Indirect speech – Tense
Direct Speech
Present Simple
She said: “It’s cold”
Present Continuous
She said: “I’m teaching English”.
Present Perfect Simple
She said: “I’ve been on the web since 2001”
Present Perfect Continuous
She said: “I’ve been teaching English for 7 years”.
Past Simple
She said: “I taught online yesterday”.
Past Continuous
She said: “I was teaching earlier”
Past Perfect
Indirect Speech
Past Simple
She said it was cold.
Past Continuous
She said she was teaching English
Past Perfect Simple
She said she had been on the web since 2001.
Past Perfect Continuous
She said she had been teaching for 7 years
Past Perfect
She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past Perfect Continuous
She said she had been teaching earlier.
She said: “The lesson had already started when he arrived”.
NO CHANGE
Past Perfect Continuous
NO CHANGE
She said: “I’d already been teaching for 5 minutes”
Indirect speech - Modals
Tense change also occurs for modals
Direct speech
Indirect speech
Will: She said “I’ll teach English online
Would: She said she would teach English online
tomorrow”.
tomorrow.
Can
Could
Must
Had to
Shall
Should
may
Might
Change
From Direct To Indirect speech
• “It’s too late”, said Carmen.
•Carmen said it was too late.
• Peter said: “I have replied”
•Peter said he had replied
•Sam said: “I met you yesterday”.
•Sam said he had met me the day before.  time reference also has to change!
• Carl said: “I will pay tomorrow”
•Carl said he would pay the next day.
Said or Told?
If you change a sentence from Direct  Indirect speech : pay attention to syntax
• If the person speaking is not followed by Indirect Object (meewerkend voornaamwoord), we
use ‘said’ in Indirect speech (we don’t know who we are talking to)
•
•
•
•
E.g. Steve said (that) he was living in London
Steve = He = subject
Was living = verb
In London = place
• If the person speaking is followed by Indrect Object, we use ‘told’ in Indirect speech (we are
talking to somebody).
•
•
•
•
E.g. I told her not to worry.
I = subject
Her = Indirect object
Not to worry = verbs