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Vol 22 Notes.rtf (37 KB) Pobierz The Johann Strauss Edition  Volume 22  Johann Strauss II, the most famous and enduringly successful of 19th-century light music composers, was born in Vienna on 25 October 1825.  Building upon the firm musical foundations laid by his father, Johann Strauss I (1804-1849) and Joseph Lanner (1801-1843), the younger Johann (along with his brothers, Joseph and Eduard) achieved so high a development of the classical Viennese waltz that it became as much a feature of the concert hall as of the ballroom. For more than half a century Johann II captivated not only Vienna but also the whole of Europe and America with his abundantly tuneful waltzes, polkas, quadrilles and marches. The thrice-married 'Waltz King' later turned his attention to the composition of operetta, and completed 16 stage works besides more than 500 orchestral compositions - including the most famous of all waltzes, The Blue Danube (1867). Johann Strauss II died in Vienna on 3 June 1899.    The Marco Polo Strauss Edition is a milestone in recording history, presenting, for the first time ever, the entire orchestral output of the 'Waltz King'. Despite their supremely high standard of musical invention, the majority of the compositions have never before been commercially recorded and have been painstakingly assembled from archives around the world. All performances featured in this series are complete and, wherever possible, the works are played in their original instrumentation as conceived by the master orchestrator himself, Johann Strauss II.    Persischer Marsch (Persian March) op. 289   In autumn 1864 Johann Strauss 'harvested' a rich crop of decorations as reward for various compositions which he had dedicated to a number of crowned heads across Europe.  His medals included the 'Persischen Sonnenorden' (Persian Order of the Sun), awarded by his Imperial Majesty the Shah of Persia, the able and cultured Naser od-Dïn (1831-1896), who acceded to the throne in 1848 and remained a fervent devotee of poetry and music until his assassination at Teheran in 1896. The honour was bestowed upon Strauss in return for the dedication of the Marche persanne - under which fashionable French title the work was originally published, though the German form of the name, Persischer Marsch, was swift to find more widespread acceptance. The composer conducted the first Viennese performance of the march on 4 December 1864 at a festival concert in the Volksgarten, belatedly celebrating the 20th anniversary of his public debut as composer and conductor at Dommayer's Casino in Hietzing in October 1844.  The Persischer Marsch was actually composed for Johann's 1864 concert season at Pavlovsk, his ninth consecutive 'Russian summer'. At first entitled Persischer Armee-Marsch (Persian Army March), the new work was unveiled before the public at the Vauxhall Pavilion in Pavlovsk Park on 11 July (= 29 June, Russian calendar) and proved the most popular of his compositions in Russia that year, being played on no less than 65 occasions. The Persischer Marsch was in fact to prove a lifelong favourite with its composer, who attached great value to the fact that the Trio section of the work quotes a theme from the Persian national anthem, Johann recognised that his 'characteristic' march was pure programme music; years later, in conversation with Ignatz Schnitzer, librettist of Der Zigeunerbaron (The Gypsy Baron, 1885), he admitted: "I once w rote a Persian march, but I cannot write like that if I need a march for the street". Since the programmes of Johann's 1864 season included a harp solo by Parish Alvars entitled Persischer Marsch, it may have been the success of this latter work which not only gave Strauss the impetus to compose his own Persian March but also furnished him with the original Persian air.  Amusingly, when Naser od-Dïn visited Vienna for the World Exhibition in 1873, a military band, unable to acquire the music for the authentic Persian anthem, instead played Strauss's Persischer Marsch as a hymn for the Shah!  Nearly a century after its première Strauss's march was almost responsible for a diplomatic incident. The Viennese author and broadcaster, Professor Dr. Marcel Prawy, recalls how in May 1960, when he was dramatic adviser at the Vienna Volksoper, he was ordered by a high government official to interpolate the Persischer Marsch into a performance of Die Fledermaus to be attended by the reigning Shah, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Shortly before the night in question the instruction was hastily withdrawn when it was realised that the Shah for whom the march was written belonged to a dynasty which had been deposed by that of the present-day ruler!    Maxing-Tanze.  Walzer (Maxing Dances. Waltz) op. 79   The title page illustration adorning the first piano edition of Johann Strauss's waltz MaxingTanze depicts the wooden Swiss-style country villa, 'Maxing', which had been built for the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian (1832-1867), to his own design, in Maxing Park near Hetzendorferstrasse (today, Maxingstrasse) in the Viennese suburb of Hietzing. Archduke Maximilian, younger brother of the Austrian Emperor Franz Josef I, was created Emperor of Mexico in 1864 but was executed three years later at Queretaro by the republican army.  On 6 July 1850 Maximilian celebrated his eighteenth birthday and the formal opening of his new residence with a glittering evening festivity organised in his honour by the community of Hietzing. Undoubtedly at the recommendation of Ferdinand Dommayer, a leading figure behind the 'Maxing' festival and proprietor of the neighbouring Dommayer's Casino in Hietzing where Johann Strauss acted as 'house conductor', Strauss and his orchestra were invited by the young Archduke to provide the musical entertainment for the event, along with a military band.  Johann must have welcomed the engagement with open arms: at a time when he was energetically striving to ingratiate himself at Court after unwittingly making himself persona non grata through his pro-Revolutionary support in 1848, this festivity was his first chance to establish contact with a member of the Imperial family. Strauss and his orchestra were situated in the gallery of the villa which shimmered through the illumination of thousands of coloured lamps. At around nine o'clock, trumpets and timpani announced the arrival of the Archduke and his retinue and, after the National Anthem and various speeches, the Strauss Orchestra commenced their concert with Beethoven's Leonore Overture. The programme, which included Meyerbeer's Coronation March from Le Prophet and two works by Johann Strauss Father - the Ferdinand-Quadrille op. 151 and the waltz Loreley-Rhein-Klange op. 154 - also featured the first performance of an enchanting new waltz Johann had written especially for the 'Maxing' festival: Maxing-Tanze.  In 1955, just over a century after its construction, the wooden 'Maxing' villa, by then in a dilapidated state, was considered to be a fire risk and was demolished. Near its former site there now stands another building - ironically also constructed from wood.  The first public performance of the waltz was scheduled for a magnificent "Decorations- and Music-Festival" at Dommayer's Casino on 10 July, but this event, proclaimed as a "Symbol of Imperial Homage or Patriotic Festival of Honour", was postponed until 17 July and its seems likely that the public première was instead given at Johann's own benefit concert in the Volksgarten on 16 July. The new waltz proved popular, and in its review of the Dommayer evening the Theater Zeitung (23 July 1850) drew particular attention to the evocative and apposite Coda section "with its evening bells and shams [an effect created by oboes, bassoons and clarinet], in Swiss style."    L'Inconnue. Polka française (The Unknown One. French polka) op. 182   Johann Strauss the Younger married for the first time on 27 August 1862 at St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. He was thirty-six years old. His bride, Henriette Carolina Josepha Chalupetzky, who gained widespread fame as a professional mezzo-soprano under the name of Jetty Treffz, was seven years his senior. Up until his wedding day Johann had been one of Europe's most eligible and sought-after bachelors, constantly surrounded by female admirers and with a string of love-affairs behind him. (A confidential file in the Office of the Master of the Royal Household in June 1856 described Strauss as having led "a reckless, improper and profligate life" since becoming a Musikdirektor!). At one time his name was romantically linked with that of Kathi Lanner, daughter of his father's great rival, the conductor/composer Joseph Lanner; then there was Elise, a lady of Viennese society whom Johann's mother at one time viewed as a possible wife for her oldest son and who is probably remembered in Johann's French polka Elisen op. 151 (Volume 5). Jetty herself was well aware of her husband's past flirtations, freely admitting in a letter written on 19 October 1868 to a Herr Lang in Berlin that Johann "was a fiance a mere 13 times - and only on the 14th time did he score a bullseye and win himself a little wife".  Much has been written about one romantic chapter in Johann's life concerning Olga Smirnitzkaja (the widely adopted form 'Smirnitzky' is incorrect), a musically gifted daughter of aristocratic Russian parents - a deep involvement which commenced during Strauss's 1858 summer concert engagement in Pavlovsk and ended abruptly there in spring 1860. Memories of Olga live on in Johann's polka-mazurka Der Kobold (The Imp) op. 226, but she was certainly far from being the only Russian maiden to fall under his spell! In 1856, during Strauss's first concert season in Pavlovsk, which lasted from 18 May (= 6 May, Russian calendar) to 13 October (= 1 October) and during the 149 days he and his orchestra performed without a day of rest - rumours reached Vienna of his amorous involvements, of jealous rivals and husbands and even of clandestine betrothals. However, Johann's discretion regarding his female companions was such that he never intended us to identify the special young lady immortalised in his polka L'Inconnue. The composition was the second published Strauss work to be specifically designated a 'French polka' - a dance form imported from Paris to Vienna where it became popular in ballrooms from 1854 as a more elegant variant of the rhythmic Bohemian polka. Johann introduced L'Inconnue  at his second benefit concert, held at the Vauxhall Pavilion, Pavlovsk, on 14 August (= 2 August) 1856. Such was its reception that he was forced to repeat it, and to give a further encore at the close of the concert at around 12.45am.  The evening also brought the première of a new Strauss waltz, Kronungs-Lieder (op. 184), and the composer mentioned both works in a letter written to Carl Haslinger, his Viennese publisher, on 14 September (= 2 September): "Moreover I have composed a polka. L'Inconnue, and a waltz: Kronungswalzer [sic!], with which two pieces I have had great success here. Although I had little time, I had even less confidence about their successful outcome". In the event, L'Inconnue proved to be Johann's third most played composition during the 1856 Russian season (after the waltz Juristen-Ball-Tanze op. 177 and the Sans-Souci-Polka op. 178), being performed no less than seventy-five times. Viennese audiences were given their first taste of the new polka, with its strong Russian flavour, when Johann conducted it (together with his Kronungs-Marsch op. 183) in the Volksgarten on 21 December 1856 at the first concert he gave upon his return to his native city.    Controversen Walzer (Controversies Waltz) op. 191   The sheer effectiveness and economy of Johann Strauss's orchestral writing is discernible in the Introduction to Controversen, the waltz he dedicated "to the Gentlemen Students of Law at Vienna University" for their ball held in the splendour of the Sofienbad-Saal on 27 January 1857, on which occasion Johann first conducted it with the Strauss Orchestra. In the space of just 32 bars, the composer portrays the mounting tension of a controversy gathering momentum as more and more voices join in the increasingly heated debate.  Not surprisingly, the waltz Controversen numbered among the dance novelties written for the 1857 Carnival which Johann took with him to Russia for his second season of concerts at the Vauxhall Pavilion in Pavlovsk, lasting from 14 May (= 2 May, Russian calendar) until 14 October (= 2 October). It is to be regretted that F. A. Zimmermann, a viola-player in the Strauss Orchestra, whom posterity must thank for keeping a series of diaries (preserved in the collection of the Wiener Stadt-und Landesbibliothek, Vienna) meticulously detailing the programmes of music performed during many of Strauss's summer seasons at Pavlovsk, did not participate in the 1857 concerts. For this reason, and because the St Petersburger Zeitung only rarely concerned itself with events at Pavlovsk, one must look elsewhere for confirmation of when Controversen was given its first performance before the Russian public. The precise date - 14 May 1857 (= 2 May) - is revealed in a letter from the composer himself, written that same month to Carl Haslinger, his publisher in Vienna: "I am very happy with our reception by the Russian audiences... Controversen and Une Bagatelle [op. 187] also go down better than any other waltz or polka-mazurka, as a result my recent pieces which were played in the first concert, such as: Etwas Kleines [op. 190], Une Bagatelle, Controversen (I did not yet want to play any of the other new compositions) once again allowed me to achieve a wonderful success".    Carnevals-Spektakel-Quadrille (Carnival's Hubbub Quadrille) op. 152   The hubbub of Vienna's annual carnival festivities can well be imagined when one considers not only the number of her dance establishments but also the sheer capacity which some of them boasted: the largest of all, the short-lived Odeon-Saal, could accommodate no less than 8,000 people in its vast ball-arena. As public demand continued to grow, new dance halls were built, especially in the outlying suburbs.  In 1833 a German, Karl Schwender (1806-66), travelled from Karlsruhe to Vienna where he settled, working first as a waiter and then as a billiard-marker at the Paradiesgartl in the Volksgarten. In 1835 he converted an old cowshed on ground adjoining the country house of Baroness Pereira-Arnstein in the suburb of Braunhirschengrund into a coffee-house and, moreover, enterprisingly organised regular transport for his customers between the city centre and the area in front of the Mariahilferlinie (one of the outer wall fortifications of the old inner city of Vienna which had been constructed on the orders of Prince Eugen at the beginning of the 18th century), in the vicinity of his premises. From such modest beginnings, and through a process of continual rebuilding work, arose Schwender's massive and grandiose entertainment establishment, the 'Colosseum', which opened in 1865.  In 1854, however, Schwender's establishment was still comparatively small - though the Viennese press described it as "excellent" and "splendid" - and each event was guaranteed massive public patronage. Accordingly, on Tuesday 21 February, there was a large attendance for Johann Strauss's benefit ball in the dance salon at Schwender's. The evening occasioned the première of a high-spirited quadrille, the seventh new work written by Johann for that year's carnival. The Wiener Neuigkeits-Blatt (23 February 1854) reported: "Alternating with his brother [Josef] the popular beneficiary conducted the ball music and, besides his recently composed waltzes, amongst which the charming 'Schneeglockchen' is to be mentioned, performed a new 'Karnevals-Spektakel-Quadrille' which, composed with extreme originality, enjoyed the greatest applause and had to be played six times. In the casino room the able military band [Prince Schwarzenberg Infantry Regiment] of Herr Tischler performed chiefly compositions by the beneficiary".  The din of carnival is entertainingly captured on the title page illustration for the first piano edition of the Carnevals-Spektakel-Quadrille: a central vignette shows groups of carnival-goers chatting animatedly, while either side members of the orchestra play their instruments with great gusto, as Johann Strauss himself wields his baton over all.    Nachtigall-Polka (Nightingale Polka) op. 222   In July 1858 Italy's scheming foreign minister, Camillo Benso Cavour, finally persuaded France's Emperor Napoleon III to join forces to help Italy liberate Sardinia from Austrian domination which had existed since 1849. On 22 April 1859, however, after Austria's ultimatum to the kingdom of Sardinia to disarm had been rejected, the combined forces of Sardinia and France declared war on Austria. These political events were to have a direct bearing on the plans of Johann Strauss as he prepared for his fourth 'Russian summer' season of concerts at Pavlovsk, scheduled to commence on 22 May (= 10 May, Russian calendar) 1859.  Earlier, that March, towards the close of the exceptionally long Vienna Carnival of 1859, Johann had suffered a virtual nervous breakdown and planned to leave Vienna on 25 April, well in advance of the start of his Russian engagement. The apparent inevitability of war (which in fact broke out on 26 April) caused Strauss to delay his departure, and he announced a final farewell concert for 1 May at Unger's Casino in the Viennese suburb of Hernals. It was naturally expected of the young Musikdirektor that he would bring with him a parting musical gift with which to say 'auf wiedersehen' to his Viennese public. He did not disappoint them, and at the head of the Strauss Orchestra gave the first performance of his cheery Nachtigall-Polka. The choice of title and venue could scarcely have been more fitting. As so often during his life, Johann had turned for inspiration to the world of nature, in this instance to the migratory nightingale (Luscinia megarhyncha) whose wonderful bird song graced many a spring and summer evening spent in the large tavern garden of Franz Unger's premises. But Strauss was not content to present merely stylised bird calls in this dance and, within the narrow confines of the polka's 2/4 tempo, he managed to mimic, with considerable accuracy, the song pattern of the nightingale.    Immer heiterer.  Walzer im Landlerstyle (Ever more cheerful. Waltz in Landler-style) op. 235   Like Johann's dances Die Zillerthaler (op. 30), Dorfgeschichten (op. 47), D'Woaldbuama, Die Waldbuben (op. 66), Volkssanger (op. 119), Man lebt nur einmal! (op.167) and Grillenbanner (op. 247), Immer heiterer is designated by the composer as a "Waltz in Landler-style", a typical 'peasant waltz' harking back to one of the true antecedents of the Viennese Waltz - the rustic Landler of Lower Austria. The rather ungainly hopping and stamping steps from this generally alfresco dance are demonstrated by the couples pictured on the cover of the first piano edition of Immer heiterer.  The work was one of a clutch of new dance pieces written by Johann for the 1860 Vienna Carnival, during which the 34-year-old "Herr Musikdirektor" once more reigned supreme despite the musical activities of his younger brother, Josef. Wherever there was dancing, people wanted Johann Strauss. An article in a Viennese newspaper from 21 February 1860 attempted to capture the magic of his presence at the head of his orchestra: "How the couples fly along in tempestuous haste and passionate delight when Strauss, his violin supported against his rhythmically moving knee, stands on the conductor's rostrum; when he himself begins to play, his violin held high far above the horizontal, twisting his body in endless undulations, drawing his bow in swift strokes across the strings - that inflames the hearts, sends electric currents through the legs!"  Johann conducted the Strauss Orchestra in the first performance of Immer heiterer on 20 February 1860 at a genial "Strauss Ball" in the 'Sperl' dance hall in the Viennese suburb of Leopoldstadt. The event was to prove the last festivity of that description, and while the new composition did not meet with the same success as some of Johann's other carnival novelties, notably the waltz Accelerationen (op. 234), it is nevertheless worthy of attention. Particularly effective is Waltz 3B, where Strauss unexpectedly introduces a soaring legato melody entrusted to the cello and bassoon sections. In keeping with the jovial sentiment expressed in the work's title, Johann even calls for the members of the orchestra to exercise their vocal chords in a chorus of laughter during the course of the Coda!    Quadrille nach Motiven der Operette: 'Der lustige Krieg' (Quadrille on themes from the operetta 'The Merry War') op. 402   The score of Johann Strauss's eighth operetta, Der lustige Krieg (The Merry War), comprising an Overture and nineteen musical numbers, yielded sufficient melodic material for its composer to arrange no less than ten separate orchestral numbers for the ballroom and concert-hall - a total not surpassed in any of his other stage works. The operetta itself [Première: Theater an der Wien, Vienna. 25 November 1881] enjoyed swift and considerable success, and within a short time the new work had been seen at more than one hundred theatres across Europe and overseas: one of the first to produce the operetta was the small municipal theatre at Laibach in Austria (now Ljubljana in Yugoslavia), where the rehearsals were directed by a still unknown young conductor named Gustav Mahler. Although credited on the first night playbill solely to the librettist team of F. Zell and Richard Genee, the story-line of Der lustige Krieg owed something to that of the opera-comique Les Dames Capitaines (1857) by Anne Honore Joseph Melesville (with music by Napoleon-Henri Reber).  In steering her husband away from the strenuous and time-consuming rôle of dance music conductor/composer, the financially astute Jetty Strauss (1818-78) intended that Johann should instead direct his energies towards theatre composition which, unlike dances and marches, attracted royalties. Once the stage work had been created, little additional effort was required to assemble melodies from the score into separate orchestral numbers for performance beyond the confines of the theatre, thus reaping further income for their composer. The six sections (or figures) of the Lustige Krieg-Quadrille comprise thematic material from the following sources:    Pantalon       - Act 2 Ensemble and Dutch Song (No. 12) and Act 1 Finale (No. 7)   Éte               - Act 2 Ensemble and Ariette Chorus (No. 10) and Umberto's Act 1 aria "Ein Blitz, ein Knall" (No. 21/2)   Poule            - Act 1 Introduction (No. 1) and Act 1 Balthasar's Song (No. 3) - the latter melody also featuring complete for orchestra alone as the Act 1 'Sorti' music (No. 31/2)   ... Plik z chomika: hantels Inne pliki z tego folderu: 22-02 Maxing-tanze.mp3 (18277 KB) 22-04 Controversen.mp3 (17433 KB) 22-01 Persischer marsch.mp3 (3325 KB) ._.DS_Store (0 KB) ._Vol 22 Notes.rtf (0 KB) Inne foldery tego chomika: J. Strauss Volume 1 J. Strauss Volume 10 ZgÅ‚oÅ› jeÅ›li naruszono regulamin Strona główna AktualnoÅ›ci Kontakt DziaÅ‚ Pomocy Opinie Regulamin serwisu Polityka prywatnoÅ›ci Copyright © 2012 Chomikuj.pl J. Strauss Volume 11 J. Strauss Volume 12 J. 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