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INT256 - Tree Pests and Disease: Infectious Disease page Principles for Studying Infectious Diseases (Edmonds p. 185-197) I. Define A. B. C. II. Infection 1. Parasite 2. Host 3. Infection Microbial parasites 1. Fungi 2. Bacteria 3. Phytoplasmas 4. Viruses Infectious disease Disease complex specific to infectious disease. A. Components of disease complex (disease triangle). 1. Diseased host(s). a) Susceptible species: b) Symptoms: (i) Necrotic - 1 INT256 - Tree Pests and Disease: Infectious Disease page c) 2. 3. (ii) Hypoplastic - (iii) Hyperplastic - Diseased functions: Pathogen(s): a) Name(s). b) Signs. Environment where disease occurs. 2 INT256 - Tree Pests and Disease: Infectious Disease page III. The Pathogen Cycle (Disease Cycle). A. Latent period. 1. Infection period a) Inoculation - b) Penetration. c) Establishment - 2. Incubation period – colonization 3. Symptom expression - B. Infectious period - C. Dissemination. D. Virulence (pathogenicity) of microorganisms. E. Tree Resistance 3 INT256 - Tree Pests and Disease: Infectious Disease page IV. V. Koch's postulates - establish if an organism is a pathogen. A. Isolate from diseased tissue only. B. Inoculate. C. Symptoms. D. Re-isolate. Control A. Pathogen population dynamics B. Options 1. Silvicultural - 2. Biological - 3. Breeding - 4. Legal - 4 INT256 - Tree Pests and Disease: Infectious Disease page C. VI. 5. Chemical - 6. Mechanical - Sanitation - 7. Do nothing HMP: Strategies Associations Among Organisms - Symbiosis. A. Interactions involving two species. 1. 2. B. Parasitic a) Biotrophic - b) Necrotrophic - Saprophytic - Balance of interaction 1. Mutualistic 2. Commensalistic. 3. Pathogenic. 5 INT256 - Tree Pests and Disease: Infectious Disease page C. VII. Facultative or obligate. 1. Facultative 2. Obligate - Terminology. Biological control Biotrophic Breeding Chemical Control Commensalistic Disease Cycle Disease Triangle (Pyramid) Dissemination Establishment Etiology Facultative Hyperplastic Hypertrophic Hypoplastic Incubation period Infection period Infectious period Inoculation Inoculum IPM Koch's postulates Latent period Legal Control Mechanical Control Mutualistic Necrotic Necrotrophic Obligate Parasitic Pathogen Cycle Pathogenicity Penetration Quarantines Resistance Saprophytic Signs Silvicultural control Susceptible Symbiosis Symptoms Vector. Virulence 6