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Berula 1
Apiaceae1
Berula Besser ex W.D.J. Koch
Koch, Deutsch. Fl. 2: 25, 433, ed. 3 (1826).
Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville
Coville, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4: 115 (1893). – Sium erectum Huds. 1762. – Sium angustifolium L. 1763. – Described
from England.
D Sideskærm. N vasskjeks. S bäckmärke.
Helophyte. Aquatic perennial, to 95 cm, developing stolons from the lowermost nodes; rhizome short, 2–10 mm.
Stem widely hollow; basal part 3–7 mm thick, terete to angular (± sulcate when dried), usually slightly purplish,
± glaucous, glabrous; upper internodes angular to sulcate. Leaves 1–4 at the base and 5–7 on the stem (the
innermost basal one or the lowest stem leaf is the largest); sheath broad, not inflated, 1.5–3(–4) cm; petiole 3–
9(–14) cm; blade once pinnate, 5–22(–35) × 3–8(–12) cm (length/width ratio 1.5–3.5), glabrous. Leaflets 4–9
pairs (not including the basal pair, which is often rudimentary); angle leaflet/rachis 55–80°(–90°), sessile. Apical
leaflet with 1–2 pairs of lobes; petiolule (3–)5–14 mm; blade (9–)14–39 × 10–28(–39) mm (length/width ratio
0.8–1.5); margin serrate to doubly serrate, with white or purplish, acuminate to mucronate teeth (in upper leaves
acute to acuminate and larger); base broadly cuneate to shallowly cordate; apex rounded to obtuse. Lateral
leaflets narrowly ovate to ovate, entire, or with one pair of lobes (often not distinctly developed except on the
side towards the apex of the leaf), 12–53(–70) × 8–32 mm (length/width ratio 1.3–2.3); margins as in apical
leaflet; base broadly cuneate to shallowly cordate, uneven with the side torwards the apex of the leaf more
reduced; apex rounded to acute.
Umbels convex, 1–2 cm high and 3–6 cm wide; peduncle 0.5–3 cm; rays straight, 1–2.5 cm, glabrous. Bracts
4–8, persistent, 5–15(–25) × 1.2–2.5 mm (when lobed up to 14 mm wide), entire or pinnatifid, membranebordered (sometimes indistinctly so). Umbellules 9–16; pedicels 0.3–0.7 cm, glabrous. Bractlets 3–9, persistent,
2.3–6(–11) × 0.9–2.3(–2.9) mm, entire or pinnatifid, membrane-bordered. Flowers not to slightly zygomorphic,
14–22 per umbellule; sepals 0.1–0.5 mm (usually only developed on the centrifugal side of the umbel); petals
white, 0.8–1.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm, emarginate (apical cut 0.1–0.3 mm deep); filaments 0.9–1.7 mm; anthers c. 0.3
mm, pale or sometimes rose. Fruit ± orbicular in outline, dark greyish brown, without developed carpophores.
Mericarps 1.4–1.8 × 0.8–1.1 × 0.7–1 mm (length/width ratio 1.5–2.2); ridges small and indistinct; valleculae
wide; vittae numerous, surrounding the endocarp (not visible on the surface); stylopodium high conical, 0.2–0.4
mm wide; style 0.5–1 mm, directed obliquely outwards to deflexed. – Mid-summer to late summer.
2n=18+0–2B (S Sk). [2n=12, 18]
Distribution. Nem–BNem.2 – D common on the eastern islands and on most of Jylland (less common in
westernmost Jylland). N Øf 4 localities (recent only in Hvaler), Vf Larvik (recent), VA Farsund (newly
established), Ro Hå, Klepp, Karmøy (extinct). S Sk fairly common in the lowlands, Bl several localities in the
southwestern part, Hasslö (skerry), Kristianopel, Öl scattered along the southern coasts and rare in the northern
parts, Gtl scattered on most of the island, Hl and BhG scattered to rare along the coast, Vg 5 localities in the
calcareous area south of Skövde, Ög Åsbo 1974, Vallerstad 1961, Upl Häverö 1959. – Uncertain records from
N Vf Tjøme, S Klm Kalmar, and Vsm Fagersta. – Map xxx.
Europe except the northern parts; SW and C Asia, NW North America; introduced in Australia. B. erecta is
also reported from NE to S Africa, but these records are probably based on another species (Hardway et al.
2004).
1
Vattenumbellater 080921/MA
Berula Till Lars 080611, från Lars 080905
Cicuta Till Lars 080611, från Lars 080905
Oenanthe Till Lars 080611, från Lars 080905
Sium Till Lars 080611, från Lars 080905
2
further north?
Berula 2
Habitat. On clay or mud (or rarely sand) in and at shallow, eutrophic or sometimes mesotrophic water;
primarily in running freshwater but also found in estuaries, ditches, pools and marl-pits.
Biology. Perhaps poisonous3. Most flowers are bisexual. The fruits are adapted water-dispersal; the large, airfilled cells of the pericarp enable them to float (Egholm 1951). The species also spreads locally with stolons, and
may produce large, sterile populations when growing in water (Moeslund et al. 1990).
Similar taxa. When not in flower, Berula erecta may be difficult to distinguish from Helosciadium repens and
H. nodiflorum, but H. repens has smaller leaves and only B. erecta has vestigial leaflets. – See also Sium
latifolium.
3
ALLA GRANSKARE: The authors have not seen records on poisonousness; any information would be
valuable
Cicuta 1
Cicuta L.
Linnaeus, Sp. pl.: 255 (1753).
Cicuta virosa L.
Linnaeus, Sp. pl.: 255 (1753). – Type: Linnaean Herbarium 361.1 (LINN) lectotype, sel. by Hedge & Lamond, in Fl.
Turkey 4: 425 (1972).
D Gifttyde. F myrkkykeiso. N selsnepe. S sprängört.
Helophyte. Glabrous perennial, to 110 cm; rhizome short, ± vertical, 11–22 mm thick, chambered. Stem widely
hollow; basal part 5–12(–18) mm thick, terete, usually purplish and glaucous; upper internodes terete or angled
to slightly sulcate. Leaves 2–3 at the base and 4–7 on the stem (the innermost basal one or the lowest stem leaf is
usually the largest); sheath rather broad, sometimes purplish; petiole 10–31(–39) cm; blade 1–2-pinnate, 8–25(–
33) × 4–13(–22) cm, with a length/width ratio of (1.2–)1.6–3.3(–3.8), thin, lower side ± glaucous. Primary
leaflets 3–5(–6) pairs; angle leaflet/rachis 25–45°. Apical leaflet pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, with 1–2 pairs of
lobes; petiolule 10–32 mm; blade 26–85(–122) × (10–)15–80(–102) mm, with a length/width ratio of (0.7–)1–
2.1(–3); margin serrate to doubly serrate, with acute to acuminate teeth; base usually broadly cuneate; apices
usually acute. Apical lobe 17–72(–88) × (2–)5–21(–27) mm, with a length/width ratio of 3.1–8.3(–13).
Umbels convex, 3.5–6 cm high and 8–15 cm wide; peduncle 4–13 cm; rays usually bent inwards, 3.3–7.5 cm,
glabrous. Bracts 0(–4). Umbellules 8–29; pedicels 0.7–1.2 cm, glabrous. Bractlets 7–15(–21), persistent, 3–11 ×
0.4–0.8 mm, entirely green or indistinctly membrane-bordered. Flowers not to slightly zygomorphic, 20–64 per
umbellule; sepals acute, 0.3–0.6 mm; petals white or sometimes pale pink, 1.1–1.8 × 0.9–1.4 mm, entire or
emarginate (apical cut to 0.4 mm deep); filaments 1.5–2.8 mm; anthers 0.5–0.6 mm, whitish to pinkish. Fruit
oblate to almost orbicular in outline, without a carpophore. Mericarps 1.5–2.3 × 1.1–1.5 × 1–1.4 mm, with a
length/width ratio of 1.2–1.5(–1.9); ridges 5, rather broad, not elevated, hay-coloured to brown; valleculae
narrow, each with 1 dark brown vitta; stylopodium almost flat, 0.5–0.6 mm wide; style 1.1–1.8 mm, directed
outwards to deflexed. – Mid-summer.
2n=22 (F V, N Ak), 2n=22 + 0–1B (S Sk) [2n=22]4
Distribution. BNem (west) or MBor (east). – D common to rather common in most areas, but scattered in
northern Jylland, southern Sjæ and Brn. N scattered to rare in the southeastern parts north to most of He and Op,
and along the coast to SF Solund, and from ST Ørland to NT Nærøy, VFi Guovdageaidnu. S scattered to fairly
rare in the lowlands, but not known from Öl and Gtl (a living specimen, however, found in shore drift on NE
Gtl). F scattered to fairly common in the southern parts, north to southern OP and northern Kn, further north
rare. – Map xxx.
Europe except the western and southern parts, W and C Asia.
Habitat. Usually inundated on clay or mud bottoms; in the south usually in ± nutrient-rich lakes, rivers or pools,
in the north also in bogs and on the Bothnian shores. Probably favoured by slight overgrowth and by
eutrophication of waters, and disfavoured by lime in the soil.
Biology. The rhizome contains the deadly poisonous polyacetylene cicutoxine 5. The fruits are water-spread; the
large, air-filled cavities in the ridges of the mericarps enable them to float. The chambered rhizomes may also
spread short distances.
6
4
5
Variation. Specimens of Cicuta virosa from the northern parts of the distribution area are sometimes smaller,
Källor: Lövkvist & Hultgård 1999; Uotila & Pellinen 1985; Engelskjøn 1979; IPCN.
En mer ”vetenskaplig” formulering vore bra, jfr familjeinledningen. Kanske ‘lethal’ eller ’mortal’? /LF
Jag tänkte inte på ordvalet utan vad det är för substanser (eftersom vi inte genomgående informerar om giftighet
i sig).
Jag tror giftet heter cicutoxin (fast den kanske innehåller fler). Enligt Wikipedia: “The yellow resin contains
cicutoxin, which disrupts the workings of the central nervous system.” Det står inget om resin I beskrivningen.
OK lägger till en kommentar om det (det finns även bl.a. cicutin men det tycker jag inte behöver nämnas) /LF
Cicuta 2
have narrower leaf-lobes with fewer teeth, and umbels with fewer umbellules and flowers; they are provisionally
recognized here as var. angustifolia (Kit.) Wimm. & Grab. Such specimens often grow in oligotrophic places;
cultivation experiments are required to establish whether they are modifications (starved plants) or represent
genetically fixed ecotypes adapted to low nutrient availability.
Similar taxa see Sium latifolium.
a. var. virosa
F rantamyrkkykeiso. S vanlig sprängört.
Plant 50–110 cm. Leaves (8–)14–25(–33) × 5–22 cm, with 3–6 pairs of primary leaflets. Leaflets 36–122 × 30–
102 mm (length/width ratio 0.7–1.8). Apical lobe 30–88 × 4.5–14(–27) mm (length/width ratio 3.1–8.1), with 6–
15(–20) teeth on each side. Umbel with 13–32 umbellules. Bractlets 8–15(–21), 3–11 × 0.4–0.8 mm. Flowers
34–64 per umbellule.
Distribution and habitat. Occurs in most habitats of the species, but not in nutrient poor bogs and pools. In the
southern and central parts corresponding to the distribution of the species, northwards declining, but occurring
all along the Bothnian coast both in S and F, in the inland reaching S Jmt and F Ks, SoL, KiL.78
b. var. angustifolia (Kit.) Wimm. & Grab.
F kaitamyrkkykeiso. S smal sprängört.
Plant 40–60 cm. Leaves 9.5–12 × 4–6 cm, with 3–4 pairs of primary leaflets. Leaflets 26–51 × 10–24 mm
(length/width ratio 1.4–3). Apical lobe 17–44 × 2–5 mm (length/width ratio 6.9–13), with 3–7 teeth on each side.
Umbel with 8–15 umbellules. Bractlets 7–9, 2.5–4.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm. Flowers 20–33 per umbellule.
Distribution and habitat. Mainly in bogs and peat-forming pools; also in rich fens. – S the northern inlands
below the mountains, from western Dlr to TL Karesuando and Nb Pajala. F in the northern parts, south to EP, PS
and PK9.
6
Jag föreslår (för argument etc se fotnoterna inne i stycket):
Variation. Specimens of Cicuta virosa from the northern parts of the distribution area are sometimes smaller,
have narrower leaf-lobes with fewer teeth, and umbels with fewer umbellules and flowers; they are provisionally
recognized here as var. angustifolia [, in accordance with….]. Such specimens often grow in oligotrophic places;
cultivation experiments are required to establish whether they are modifications (starved plants) or represent
genetically fixed ecotypes adapted to low nutrient availability. OK jättebra /LF
7
OBS! specimens from Finnish and Norwegian herbaria not studied by me./LF
8
i inlandet i Sverige når den Jämtland och längre norrut förekommer den endast längs kusten
För Norges del tvivlar jag på att ssp. angustifolia finns i landet, och det mesta borde motsvara var. virosa – vårt
enda belägg från Norge i LD (Hedmark, Grue) motsvarar denna; jag har skickat fråga till Pertti om uppgifter på
varieteterna i Norge och Finland /LF
OBS! specimens from Finnish and Norwegian herbaria not studied by me. /LF
9
Material in Finnish herbaria not studied/LF
Oenanthe 1
Oenanthe L.
Linnaeus, Sp. pl.: 254 (1753).
Phellandrium L. (1753).
Terrestrial or aquatic, glabrous herbs; submerged leaves finely dissected. Umbellules compact, with the central
flowers sessile or short-stalked. Sepals well-developed, persistent, forming a crown on the ripe fruits. Fruit
without a carpophore (the entire adaxial sides of the mericarps are connected); ridges with large, air-filled
cavities.
Chromosome base-numbers x=10, 11.10
1
-
Terminal lobes of upper (aerial) leaves longer than 1.2 cm; flowers central in an umbellule sessile to
subsessile (outer flowers distinctly stalked) .................................................................................................. 2
Terminal lobes of upper (aerial) leaves shorter than 0.85 cm; all flowers distinctly stalked ........................ 3
2
-
Petiole, rachis and stem internodes inflated; rays up to 7; bracts 0 or 1 .................................. 1. O. fistulosa
Not inflated; rays 9 or more; bracts 4–8 ............................................................................... 2. O. lachenalii
3
Stem base vertical, distinctly inflated; inundated leaves (when present) with capillary lobes; fruit
shorter than 5 mm ................................................................................................................... 3. O. aquatica
Stem base ± creeping, not inflated; inundated leaves always present, with flat lobes; fruit longer than
5 mm ...................................................................................................................................... 4. O. fluviatilis
-
1. Oenanthe fistulosa L.
Linnaeus, Sp. pl.: 254 (1753). – Type: Clifford Herbarium 99, Oenanthe 1 (BM) lectotype, sel. by Reduron & Jarvis,
Regnum Veg. 127: 70 (1993).
D Vand-Klaseskærm. S pipstäkra.
Helophyte or hydrophyte. Heterophyllous aquatic perennial, to 90 cm, with roots and usually also stolons
emanating from the lower nodes; tubers usually present, several, c. 2 mm thick. Stem widely hollow and inflated;
basal part 3–8 mm thick, easily compressed, terete with elevated veins, purplish or sometimes green, glaucous or
not. Leaves 5–8 on the stem (the lower ones 1–2-pinnate, usually withered at anthesis); narrow-lobed basal
leaves sometimes present in submerged plants (lobes 2–3.5 × 0.5–0.8 mm). Middle leaves 1-pinnate; sheath
distinct but not inflated, 0.5–2.5 cm long, not purplish, distinctly membrane-bordered; petiole 6–13 cm, widely
hollow and inflated (the rachis too11); blade 4.5–9.5 × 1.5–4 cm (length/width ratio 2.3–3.8). Primary leaflets 4–
7 pairs; angle leaflet/rachis 35–60° (in lower leaves 60–130°); longest petiolule up to 10 mm. Apical leaflet
indistinctly delimited from the rachis in middle leaves, in lower leaves 2-pinnatifid, with 1–2 pairs of primary
lobes; petiolule 3–6 mm; blade 6–13 × 7–15 mm (length/width ratio 0.8–1.1); margin not papillose; base broadly
cuneate to truncate. Apical lobe 12–27 × 1.2–2.3 mm, with a length/width ratio 7–22, cuspidate to acuminate,
with purplish or white tips (in lower leaves 2–7 × 1.6–2.2 mm, with a length/width ratio of 0.9–4.4).
Umbels with a (0–)2–13 cm long peduncle; rays 1.2–2 cm, thick, usually glabrous, with distinct ribs. Bracts
0–1. Umbellules 2–5(–7); pedicels 0.2–0.5 mm (central flowers sessile), not papillose. Bractlets 6–12, persistent,
1.4–3.5(–5) × 0.4–1(–1.7) mm, membrane-bordered. Flowers 24–52 per umbellule; sepals 1–2.2 mm; petals
white or red-tinged, 2.8–4.5 × 1.5–2.8 mm, bifid (apical cut 0.9–1.7 mm deep); filaments 3.2–4.5 mm; anthers
purplish to pale violet, 0.4–0.5 mm. Fruit prismatic, triangular to obovate in outline, yellow-brown, not splitting
at maturity (spread as a unit). Mericarps 3–4.5 × 1.7–3.1 × 1–1.7 mm (length/width ratio 1.2–2); ridges 9, the
lateral ones in cross section with large cell cavities; vittae not visible on the surface; stylopodium conical,
gradually turning into the style, 0.6–1.2 mm wide; styles 3.5–5 mm, directed upwards to somewhat outwards,
with a capitate stigma. – Mid-summer to late summer.
10
x=11 är vanligast, men x=10 har rapporterats hos 4 arter i modern litteratur (hos O. javanica t.o.m. 2n = 20,
42, 63, men det skippar jag). Källa: TROPICOS, IPCN (Index to plant chromosome number) /LF
11
avses även ”fri” rachis av högre ordningar?`Och ska ”swelled” läsas som ”inflated”? Nej, jag avser endast
primär rachis (se dock kommentar under Helosciadium); ja, swelled = inflated /LF
Oenanthe 2
Distribution. Nem. – Declining throughout. D scattered on the eastern islands and southeastern Jylland; rare in
VJy (the streams Skjernå and Vorgodå) and in NJy around Limfjorden. S scattered in the lowlands of Sk and
northern Gtl; earlier also in Hl (Träslöv, Veddige and several localities in the southwest, latest record Laholm
1933), Bl Sölvesborg until 1895, Klm 4 localities near Kalmar (latest in Hagby 1919). – Map xxx.
W, C and S Europe, and NW Africa.
Habitat. In and at shallow, eutrophic freshwater (often on seasonally inundated ground), in sunexposed places;
dependent on bare soil (e.g., kept open by trampling). Lakeshores, pools, rivers, and ditches. Sensitive to
overgrowth and drainage; favoured by lime.
Biology. Umbellules have bisexual, ± sessile central flowers and male, pedicellate peripheral flowers; the latter
are enlarged and act as means for pollinator attraction. The fruits are adapted to water-dispersal (enlarged cell
cavities in the ridges); the plant is also vegetatively spread with stolons. The root contains the poisonous
polyacetylene falcarinol.
2. Oenanthe lachenalii C.C. Gmel.
Gmelin, Fl. Bad. 1: 678 (1805). – Described from Switzerland.
D Eng-Klaseskærm. S smalstäkra.
Helophyte or hemicryptophyte. Heterophyllous aquatic or terrestrial perennial, to 70(–100) cm; tubers several,
elongated, 1–2 mm thick. Stem solid or secondarily hollow; basal part 2.5–4(–6) mm thick, terete, angled or
slightly sulcate, violet, distinctly glaucous. Leaves 5–7 on the stem, the lower ones (usually withered at anthesis)
smaller, with broader leaflets than the middle ones. Lower leaves 1-pinnate; blade 3—6.5 x 2—3 cm; primary
leaflets 2—3 pairs; apical leaflet 1–2-pinnatifid, with 1–2 pairs of lobes, 10–14 × 8–13 mm (length/width ratio
0.8–1.5), with a 5–9 mm long petiolule, a broadly attenuate to cordate base, and a thickened and slightly revolute
margin (slightly papillose towards the apex); apical lobes 2.5–5 × 1.4–2.5 mm (length/width ratio 1–2.5),
cuspidate to acuminate, with purplish tips. Middle leaves with a 2.5–4 cm long sheath; petiole 10–14 cm; blade
(1–)2-pinnate, 9–10 × 5–6 cm (length/width ratio 1.7–1.8); primary leaflets 3–4 pairs, with a leaflet/rachis angle
of 35–45°; apical leaflet indistinctly delimited from the rachis and therefore not measured; apical lobe 23–63 ×
1.2–2.3 mm (length/width ratio 16–31).
Umbels with a 1–11 cm long peduncle; rays 1.5–3 cm, glabrous, with distinct ridges. Bracts (4–)6–8,
persistent, 5–8(–11) × 0.3–0.9 mm, usually distinctly membrane-bordered. Umbellules 9–16; pedicels 0.2–0.5
mm, glabrous. Bractlets 12–14, persistent, 2–3.5 × 0.4–0.7 mm, distinctly membrane-bordered. Flowers 30–43;
i
sepals 0.5–1 mm; petals white, 1.2–1.7 × 1–1.4 mm, bifid/emarginate (apical cut 0.4–0.7 mm deep); filaments
1.2–1.6 mm; anthers pale, 0.35–0.5 mm. Fruit obovate in outline, greenish brown, usually distinctly violettinged, not splitting at maturity (spread as a unit). Mericarps 2.1–2.6 × 0.9–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 mm (length/width ratio
1.6–2.3); ridges 5, the lateral ones with large cell-cavities; vittae visible on the surface; stylopodium 0.3–0.5 mm
wide, conical, gradually turning into a thick style with an indistinct stigma; style 0.6–1.4 mm long, directed
ii
upwards to somewhat outwards. . – Mid-summer.
Distribution. Nem. – D scattered on the coasts of FyL (especially in the southern parts) and Sjæ (in the southern
parts and at Isefjord); LFM Nykøbing, SJy around Haderslev, ØJy Juelsminde12, NJy Ålborg and Thisted. S Bl
Ronneby (4 localities close to Ekenäs , known since 1927). – Map xxx.
W Europe and the NW Mediterranean.
Habitat. Seashore meadows and coastal reed-swamps (in thin Phragmites australis or Schoenoplectus maritimus
stands).
Biology. The fruits are adapted to short-distance water-dispersal (the ridges have enlarged cell cavities). The root
contains the poisonous polyacetylene falcarinol.
12Danska
iii
granskare: material från SJy och ØJy har inte kollats av författaren; det vore värdefullt om granskare
kunde kolla material i danska herbarier
Oenanthe 3
Variation. Plants from S Bl deviate, having (35–)39–42 flowers per umbellule (those from D have 30–40
flowers) and perhaps also slightly more bracts and bractlets. The differences may be due to genetical drift in the
very small Swedish population, or to different origins.
Similar taxa. Oenanthe lachenalii is similar to Oenanthe pimpinelloides (rare casual).
3. Oenanthe aquatica (L.) Poir.
Poiret in Lam., Encycl. meth. bot. 4: 530 (1798). – Phellandrium aquaticum L. (1753). – Oenanthe phellandrium Lam.
(1779). – Type: Clifford Herbarium 100, Phellandrium 1 (BM) lectotype, sel. by Reduron & Jarvis, Regnum Veg. 127: 75
(1993).
D Billebo-Klaseskærm. F pahaputki. N hestekjørvel. S vattenstäkra.
Helophyte, hydrophyte or therophyte. Aquatic annual or biennial, usually heterophyllous when growing in water,
to 100 cm. Stem sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, hollow; basal part 6–22(–28) mm thick, distinctly
widened (sometimes even cone-shaped), terete, straw-coloured or slightly purplish, not or indistinctly glaucous;
upper internodes ± sulcate. Leaves 7–16 on the stem, submerged ones narrow-lobed (basal ones usually withered
at anthesis). Broad-lobed leaves 2–3-pinnate; sheath 1–4 cm, fairly broad, not purplish, distinctly membranebordered; petiole 4–12 cm; blade thin, 5–19 × 3–11 cm (length/width ratio (1.1–)1.4–2.1). Primary leaflets 6–8
pairs; angle leaflet/rachis (85–)110–130(–150°); longest petiolules 5–22 mm. Ultimate leaflets 2(–3)-pinnatifid,
with (2–)3–4 pairs of lobes; petiolule 2–9 mm; blade 6–24 × 5–19 mm, with a length/width ratio of 1–1.4(–1.8);
base shallowly cordate to truncate (rarely broadly attenuate); margin not or indistinctly papillose; ultimate lobes
1.7–5.3(–8.5) × 0.9–2(–2.5) mm, with a length/width ratio of (1.4–)2.1–3.5(–5), cuspidate to acuminate (rarely
acute); tips usually hyaline. Narrow-lobed leaves 4–5-pinnatifid with 3–6 × 0.1–0.3 mm large terminal lobes.
Umbels slightly convex, 2–3 cm high and 5.5–8 cm wide; peduncle 0.5–3.5 cm; rays straight or slightly
inwards-curved, 2–3.5 cm, glabrous or slightly papillose, with distinct ridges on the adaxial side. Bracts 0(–1).
Umbellules 7–14(–17); pedicels 0.3–0.6 mm, not or indistinctly papillose on the adaxial side. Bractlets 5–11,
persistent, 2.5–5(–7) × 0.3–0.6(–0.7) mm, sometimes distinctly membrane-bordered. Flowers 17–27(–41); sepals
0.4–1.2 mm; petals white, (1.1–)1.5–2.4 × 1–1.8 mm, with a folded apex, emarginate (apical cut 0.1–0.7 mm
deep); filaments 1.5–2.5 mm; anthers dark violet, 0.3–0.5 mm. Fruit ovate in outline, usually slightly bent
towards the centre of the umbellule, falling apart at maturity. Mericarps 3.1–5 × 1.1–1.6(–2) × 0.9–1(–1.2) mm
(length/width ratio 1.8–3.7); ridges 5, greenish to yellow-brown, low, with large, air-filled cavities; valleculae
narrow with dark brown vittae; stylopodium conical, 0.3–0.5 mm wide; style 0.8–1.2 mm, directed upwards to
somewhat outwards. – Mid-summer to late summer.
Distribution. Nem–BNem (SBor). – Probably declining in parts of the distribution area. D common to rather
common on the eastern islands; scattered in most of Jylland, but rare to absent in the central and northernmost
parts; Brn Klemenskjer (extinct). N Øf Rygge (still present), Fredrikstad until 1978, Ak Oslo 1860, Vf Tønsberg
until 1993. S scattered to fairly rare in the southern lowlands (but not known from Gtl), north to Dls and Vrm
along Vänern, southeastern Dlr and central Hls; casual in Mpd Timrå 1885. F rare in A, western V, St and EH13.
– Map: xxx.
Europe except the SW and N parts, W Siberia.
Habitat. Shallow, eutrophic freshwater, on clayey or muddy soil, in full sun to half-shade. Pools, inundated
fens, slow moving rivers and seashores; also in man-made places, e.g. ditches, peat-cuttings and millponds.
Favoured by slight grazing, sensitive to drainage.
Biology. Most flowers are bisexual. The fruits with large, air-filled cavities in the ridges are adapted to waterdispersal; long-distance spreading is probably not important, since the fruits can float for a few days only
(Egholm 1951). Short-distance spreading with swelled stem-bases also occurs. The root, flowers and fruits
contain poisonous polyacetylenes (e.g. falcarinol and falcarinone). 14
13
14
Material in Finnish herbaria not studied/LF
Uppgifter om giftighet i Oenanthe främst grundade på Reduron, Ombellifères de France /LF
Oenanthe 4
Similar taxa. Records of Oenanthe aquatica are sometimes based on the much more common Peucedanum
palustre, which has leaflets inserted to the rachis at an angle of 30–50(–70°)15, longer peduncles (4.5–17 cm),
several bracts, and mericarps with distinct wings. – For Oenanthe fluviatilis see the key.
4. Oenanthe fluviatilis (Bab.) Coleman
Coleman, Ann. nat. hist. 13: 188 (1844). – Oenanthe phellandrium var. fluviatilis Bab. (1843). – Described from Great
Britain.
D Flod-Klaseskærm. S flodstäkra.
Usually hydrophyte. Heterophyllous, aquatic perennial, to 80 cm, with only the upper part above the surface (or
completely submerged). Stem hollow; basal part creeping and rooting, 4–13 mm thick, terete, greenish and not
iv
glaucous; upper internodes sulcate. Leaves 6–8 on the stem (only aerial ones broad-lobed; the following
pertains to narrow-lobed leaves, unless otherwise stated). Narrow-lobed leaves 2–3-pinnate; sheath 3–6 cm,
fairly broad, not purplish, distinctly membrane-bordered; petiole 11–26 cm; blade thin, 17–28 × 8–20 cm
(length/width ratio c. 2). Primary leaflets 4–6 pairs; angle leaflet/rachis 30–45°; longest petiolules 12–34 mm.
Ultimate leaflets 2–3-pinnatifid, with 4–6 pairs of lobes; petiolule 4–18 mm; blade 17–55 × 8–18 mm
(length/width ratio 1.9–3.7); base cuneate; ultimate lobes 2–13 × 0.5–0.8 mm (length/width ratio 4–22), with
acute apex. Broad-lobed leaves 2-pinnate with 5 pairs of primary leaflets; ultimate leaflets 2-pinnatifid, with 3–4
pairs of lobes, 15–26 × 11–22 mm (length/width ratio 1–1.4), with a broadly attenuate to shallowly cordate base;
ultimate lobes 3.2–5.8 × 1.2–2.3 (length/width ratio 1.4–2.8), acute to cuspidate and usually with blackened
teeth.
Umbels almost flat, 2.5–4.5 cm high and 7–15 cm wide; peduncle 1–3.5 cm; rays straight, 3.1–7 cm long,
glabrous, with distinct ridges on the adaxial side. Bracts 0. Umbellules 5–11; pedicels 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous or
indistinctly papillose on the adaxial side. Bractlets 6–10, persistent, 2.5–6.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm, sometimes distinctly
membrane-bordered. Flowers 12–25(–41); sepals 0.4–0.9 mm; petals white, 1.5–2.5 × 0.9–1.5 mm, with a folded
apex, emarginate/bifid (apical cut 0.3–0.6 mm deep); filaments 1.8–2.5 mm; anthers dark violet or brownish
violet, 0.4–0.6 mm. Fruit oblong in outline, often distinctly bent inwards towards the centre of the umbellule,
falling apart at maturity. Mericarps 5–6 × 1.2–1.5 × 1–1.2 mm (length/width ratio 4–4.2); ridges 5, dark greenish
brown, low, usually with a minute furrow on the edge, and with large, air-filled cavities; valleculae narrow with
black brown vittae; stylopodium conical, 0.5 mm wide; style 1–1.1 mm, directed outwards. – Mid-summer.
Distribution and. Nem. – D VJy the Skjernå water system (at Borris, Felding, Barde and Arnborg), Storå (at
Holsterbro), Vardeå/Lindingå (at Nørholm). – Map xxx.
W Europe.
Habitat. Eutrophic, slowly running water, at a depth of 0.5–2 m.
Similar taxa. Oenanthe fluviatilis is similar to O. aquatica but is usually ± completely inundated and the lobes
of inundated leaves are at least 0.5 mm wide (in O. aquatica only the basal part is inundated and the narrowlobed leaves, if any, have up to 0.3 mm wide lobes; see also the key).
Rare casual
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. 1753. S knölstäkra. – Lit.: Tutin (1980; ill.). – Similar to O. lachenalii, but tubers abruptly
widened into an ovoid swelling a few cm from the stem base, umbel rays thickened at fruiting stage, and styles longer
v
(almost as long as the rest of the mericarp).
16
S Bl Augerum 1947 (Kummeln, escaped from garden). – W and S Europe. – Sometimes used as a root vegetable;
however, the tubers are poisonous.
15
alla nivåer eller avses primary leaflets / primary rachis? Jag har enbart mätt på vinklar rachis - primary
leaflets, men karaktären gäller helt säkert vinklar på alla nivåer /LF
16
Har den odlats som mat så kunde detta anges. Här en engelsk sida om arten med flera referenser.
http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Oenanthe+pimpinelloides Enligt Reduron använd som matväxt men
även giftig; text tillagd /LF
Sium 5
Sium L.
Linnaeus, Sp. pl.: 251 (1753).
Rhizomatous perennials. Aerial leaves 1-pinnate with ± lanceolate leaflets. Umbels with bracts and bractlets. Flowers
with ± distinct sepals and white petals. Fruit ovate in outline; ridges with large, air-filled cavities.
Chromosome base-number x=6, 10, 11.
Sium latifolium L.
Linnaeus, Sp. pl.: 251 (1753). – Type: Clifford Herbarium 98, Sium 1 (BM) lectotype, sel. by Reduron & Jarvis, Regnum Veg.
127: 89 (1993).
D Bredbladet Mærke. F sorsanputki. N stor vasskjeks. S vattenmärke.
Helophyte. Glabrous, frequently heterophyllous perennial, to 130 cm; rhizome short, ± horizontal, 5–11 mm thick.
Stem hollow; basal part 8–16 mm thick, sulcate, usually slightly purplish, ± glaucous; upper internodes sulcate. Leaves
6–8 on the stem and 1–2 at the base (the lowermost stem leaves are usually the largest); at least cauline leaves usually
aerial and broad-lobed, lower submerged ones usually narrow-lobed, but intermediate, variously lobed basal leaves
vi
common. Aerial leaves broad-lobed, 1-pinnate, with 3–8 pairs of normal leaflets (those of the 2–4(–5)17 proximal
nodes rudimentary or completely reduced); sheath 2–5 cm long, rather broad, not inflated; petiole (8–)13–25(–35) cm
(measured up to the first normal leaflets); blade 14–30 × 5.5–15(–20) cm (length/width ratio1.4–2.9); angle
leaflet/rachis 35–70°. Apical leaflet lanceolate to narrowly elliptic18; petiolule 6–28 mm; blade (33–)43–88(–105) ×
(9–)13–33 mm, with a length/width ratio of 2.1–3.8(–4.7) ; base cuneate to rounded (rarely cordate); apex obtuse to
acute, fairly short tapering; margin serrate, with usually purplish, acuminate tips. Lateral leaflets similar to the apical
one but sessile; blade 52–111 × (10–)14–34 mm, with a length/width ratio of 2.5–4.5(–6.1). Submerged leaves narrowlobed, 4–5-pinnatifid; petiole rather thick; terminal lobes 2–4(–8) mm long, usually narrower than 1 mm, gradually
tapering to an acute apex.
Umbels convex, 3.5–6 cm high and 9–15 cm wide; peduncle 5–14 cm; rays straight or slightly bent inwards, 3.2–6.3
cm, 19glabrous. Bracts (3–)6–12(–14), persistent, often united at base, 12–23(–33) × 1–4.5(–6) mm, entire or serrate,
with a distinct membranous border. Umbellules (11 –)1920–35(–5321); pedicels 0.922–1.4 cm, glabrous. Bractlets 5–12,
persistent, 4.5–9(–13.5) × 0.8–1.6(–2.2) mm (very different in size) 23, usually entire, distinctly membrane-bordered.
Flowers not zygomorphic, (16–)29–38(–47) per umbellule24; sepals lanceolate, persistent, 0.4–1 mm; petals 1.2–1.8 ×
1–1.5 mm, emarginate (apical cut 0.1–0.4 mm deep); filaments 1.6–2.5 mm; anthers usually violet, 0.4–0.5(--0.6)
17
Really so many as 5? As far as checked usually only 1 or 2 leafless nodes. So the total number of nodes can be up to
14. I have not seen such plants/specimens./Pertti Yes, however only one specimen from Sk with 5 reduced nodes; total
number of nodes up to 12 – text modified /LF
18
Often fairly elliptic, which means that the apex is fairly short tapering; S. sisarum has broader leaflets with fairly
long tapering apex (at least the few specimens we have)./Pertti OK, text modified /LF
19
I en tidigare version stod här sulcate, fel eller bara att det inte har någon motsvarighet i andra arter? Jag tror att det
kommer från Perttis manus-version och avser att strålarna har ribbor vilket gör dem fårade. Jag har inte brukat ange
detta eftersom det är ett ganska normalt utseende hos umbellater. /LF
20
PU: In the only Finnish 2 extant populations the average numbers of umbellules are 11 and 16, and the number iof
fls in average 35 OK, text modified (also in LD specimen with 13 rays) /LF
21
PU: even one with 53 seen OK, text modified /LF
22
should [t]his be shorter?/PU Only maximum length of pedicels in umbel given /LF
23
Formuleringen ”with large differences in size” kommer från Pertti; jag har inte brukat nämna detta utom i extremt
tydliga fall; låter det stå kvar/LF
24
I had (16-)21–31(-41) [in puter umbellules]/PU I leave the values as they are, since a least the extremes cover the
values of Pertti /LF
ALLA GRANSKARE: Is there a geographic or ecologic variation in number of flowers?
Sium 6
mm25. Fruit elliptic to obovate in outline; carpophore usually not developed. Mericarps (2.7–)3.1–4 × 1.1–1.5 × 1–1.4
mm (length/width ratio 2.5–3.1); primary ridges whitish, high and wide, rounded; valleculae narrow; vittae several
vii
around the ovule (clearly visible on the surface); stylopodium conical, 0.5–0.8 mm wide; style 1–1.8 mm, directed
outwards or deflexed. – Mid-summer to late summer.
2n=20 (S Sk 2); 2n=22 + 0—2B (S Sk). – [2n=20]26
Distribution. Nem–BNem. D common on the eastern islands (less common in FyL), scattered in the whole of Jylland.
S common to rather common in most of the southern lowlands north to southern BhG, Dls and Vrm along Vänern,
southeastern Vsm and Dlr, and southern Gst (absent to rare in northern Hl, eastern Bl, southern Klm and Gtl). F V
Uusikaupunki (last seen 1972), EK Vehkalahti, ES Parikkala (extinct)27; casual in U Kirkkonummi 1907, 1913, Hanko
viii
1988. – There are unconfirmed records from N Vf Ramnes 1931 , S Gtl Hejde, F St Kiikoinen 1933, EH Vesilahti
1898, PS Heinävesi 1903, PK Tohmajärvi 1910 (records from F based on pupil’s specimens). – Map xxx.
Europe except the Mediterranean and northern parts; W and C Siberia.
Habitat. Permanent or seasonal eutrophic wetland on clayey or muddy ground, in full sun or half-shade; lake-shores,
slowly running rivers, creeks, seashores at river mouths, alder-fens; also in man-made sites such as ditches, pools and
marl-pits.28
Biology. Perhaps poisonous29. – The fruits have large, air-filled cavities in the ridges and can float for at least ten days
(Egholm 1951). In Finland, the seed production is usually fairly high, and there is fairly great annual variation in the
number of individuals in small colonies (Rintanen & Kare 2000).
Similar taxa30. Sium latifolium is similar to Berula erecta, but B. erecta has only normal leaflets or 1 reduced pair (2-5 pairs vestigial in S. latifolium), its apical leaflets are wider and lobed, and the peduncles shorter than 4 cm. – Cicuta
virosa has sometimes 1-pinnate leaves, but the stem is terete, and the umbels usually lack bracts.
Rare casual
Sium sisarum L. 1753. F sokerijuuri. S sockerrot. – Similar to S. latifolium but smaller, without submerged leaves, and with wider
leaflets, 2–5 pairs (apical leaflet ovate to broadly ovate, lateral leaflets ovate to narrowly lanceolate, gradually tapering to an acute
apex), flowers without distinct sepals, and mericarps with smaller, slender ridges. – [2n=20, 22]
Cultivated as a root vegetable; rarely grown in Norden. F St Pori 1901 (garden escape). – SE Europe and SW Asia.
25
I had only 0.35-0.45/PU I rechecked my measurements, and only one specimen had 0.6 mm long anther which I give
as an extreme; thus the values better fit Perttis /LF
26
skånska uppgifter från Lövkvist & Hultgård /LF
27
Pertti hade även LK Parikkala 1906; OK, miss av mig (‘LS Parikkala’ ligger i FlN-provinsen Etelä Savo); uppgift
kompletterad under “Distribution”; Pertti får ge mer detaljerade uppgifter /LF
28
Kommentarer från Pertti: slowly running ?(inskränkning av ”rivers”)
The two Finnish places river shores and reed dominated aquatic meadow at the mouth of the river into brakish water
(so practically fresh water); 2 casual finds are from seashore Något kompletterat /LF
29 ALL REVIEWERS: The authors haven’t found any references to poisonouness; any information from reviewers is
welcome
Men Pertti skrev ju:
I checked those books which I have (I ave quite many books on poisonous plants. Sium was included in most of them,
but not at all in one of the most critical German one. Futher it was often included only in the general chapter of
Apiaceae, not with specific description. From these books I did not find any reference to a speciefied article, only of
other books on poisonous plants. Maybe this can e said so as you say ”perhaps poisonous” or suspected to be
poisonous.
30
Pertti hade hänvisning till Cicuta virosa också, det verkar inte helt knasigt? Kanske motiverat, men Cicuta har blad
som alltid är mer än en gång parbladigt delade /LF
Alla karaktärer ges på ett ställe nu./MA
Crithmum 7
References
References Berula
Egholm, B. 1951: Umbelliferernes udbredelse i Danmark. Danmarks Topografisk-Botaniske Undersøgelse no.
16. - Bot. Tidsskr. 47: 373–480.
Hardway, T.M., Spalik, K., Watson, M.F., Katz-Downie, D.S. & Downie, S.R. 2004: Circumscription of
Apiaceae tribe Oenantheae. S. African J. Bot. 70: 393–406.
Moeslund, B., Løjtnant, B., Mathiesen, H., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, A., Thyssen, N. & Schou, J.C. 1990:
Danska vandplanter. Miljønyt 2: 1–19.31
Cicuta
References Oenanthe
Egholm, B. 1951: Umbelliferernes udbredelse i Danmark. Danmarks Topografisk-Botaniske Undersøgelse no.
16. Bot. Tidsskr. 47: 373–480.
Tutin, T.G. 1980: Umbellifers of the British Isles. B.S.B.I. Handbook 2.
References Sium
Egholm, B. 1951: Umbelliferernes udbredelse i Danmark. Danmarks Topografisk-Botaniske Undersøgelse no.
16. Bot. Tidsskr. 47: 373–480.
Rintanen,, T. & Kare, P. 2000: Suomen uhanalaisia lajeja: Sorsanputki (Sium latifolium). Suomen ymparisto
271: 3–42.
i
preliminärt skrivsätt
ii
Otydligt om stylopodium och style, föreslår så här:
stylopodium 0.3–0.5 mm wide, conical, gradually turning into a thick style with an indistinct stigma; style 0.6–
1.4 mm long, directed upwards to somewhat outwards.
Fast vad är det som räknas till style (ingår I måttet) om det är en gradvis övergång? Förslag OK; flera umbellater
har en gradvis övergång från stylopodium till stift; stiftet är räknat ifrån det läge där stylopodiet inte smalnar mer
/LF – KOLLA ATT DETTA FRAMGÅR AV INLEDNINGEN
iii
MA/LF: se över om det är rimlig utförlighet om kemi på arterna i Oenanthe eller om det ska sammanfattas på
släktet istället (det ser vid hastig titt ut att stå ungefär samma på alla).
iv
Leaves-partiet OK nu? Jag har justerat lite. Om det är en apex per lob så ska det inte vara pluralis i alla fall!)
Här får man inte veta något om margin.
v
Fatttar inte vad som menas. Såklart måste de vara bortom stambasen, annars är de inte tubers? Och tubers är väl alltid
”swelled”? Är de på något vis uppblåsta eller bara stora eller vad menas?
Kanske så:
”but with rounded tubers [var?], umbel rays….” Nej, rötterna är smala vid infästningen och svällda först några cm därifrån
(ser väldigt speciellt ut); lachenalii har rötter som endast är svagt svällda och där svällningen börjar successivt från
infästningen. Föreslår justering som förtydligar detta. /LF
31
Det stod:
Moeslund, B., Løjtnant, B., Mathiesen, H., Mathiesen, L., Pedersen, A., Thyssen, N. & Schou, J.C. 1990:
Danska vandplanter. Miljønyt 2: 1-19; København.
Är det periodika ska det inte vara någon utgivningsort.
Crithmum 8
Men ”tubers” är alltså rätt? Jag tycker inte de ser särskilt rundade ut på de få bilder jag hittat
Är det såhär: ja ungefär (även O. lachenalii har tubers, fast de är mindre svällda) – OBS! tubers behöver inte vara rundade
/LF
– Similar to O. lachenalii, but roots tubers more swelled (abruptly ovoid, rounded tubers a few cm from the stem base),
umbel rays thickened at fruiting stage, and longer styles (almost as long as the rest of the mericarp).
Som det ser ut på de bilder jag sett av de båda arterna så är det inte två skilda organ vi talar om utan det är som en
nyckelknippa av avlånga rötter/knölar, som hos en dahlia ungefär, och var och en av dem sväller en bit ned – är det den
svällda delen du kallar ”tuber” (så tolkade jag den gamla beskrivningen) eller är det hela ”dahliaknölen” som kallas ”tuber”
(så verkar det på lachenalii)? Omskrivet i texten nu, OK? Ja i princip OK. Jag har dock gått och grunnat på om “tubers”
kan missuppfattas – enligt termlistan kan det antingen vara en stamdel eller rotdel. Kanske man kunde använda “root
tubers” för att betona att det är en rotdel? /LF
Jag tror det förvirrar oss okunniga nästan ännu mer. Bäst vore om man kunde fixa det med en justering på släktet, typ ”Roots
xxx, sometimes with tubers”. Nu står inget om roten på ett par av arterna (jag antar att de inte brukar följa med på insamlade
ark), men Hegi kanske har full koll?
vi
Broad-lobed leaves 1-pinnate, with 2–4(--5) proximal nodes having no or rudimentary leaflets; sheath 2–5 cm
long, rather broad, not inflated; petiole (8–)13–25(–35) cm (including rachis above the reduced leaflets); blade
14–30  5.5–15(–20) cm (length/width ratio1.4–2.9); leaflets 3–8 pairs (the proximal 2–4(--5) nodes without or
with rudimentary leaflets); angle leaflet/rachis 35–70°. Apical leaflet lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; petiolule 6–
28 mm; blade (33–)43–88(–105)  (9–)13–33 mm, with a length/width ratio of 2.1–3.8(–4.7); margin serrate,
with usually purplish, acuminate tips; base cuneate to rounded (rarely cordate); apex obtuse to acute, fairly short
tapering. Lateral leaflets similar to the apical one but sessile; blade 52–111  (10–)14–34 mm, with a
length/width ratio of 2.5–4.5(–6.1). Submerged leaves narrow-lobed, 4–5-pinnatifid; petiole rather thick;
ultimate terminal leaf-lobes 2–4(–8) mm long, usually narrower than 1 mm, gradually tapering to an acute apex.
OK, med nedanstående justering/LF
Förstår inte – frågat i mail 21/9 – jag vill ha det som nu står i texten/MA
vii
förstår inte ”around the seedling” Felskrivning; skall vara runt fröanlaget (ovule) /LF
–skiljer det sig från dem där det inte står varken om ovule eller om surface? /MA
Normalt ligger vittae i kontakt med ‘ovule’, men är bara 6 till antalet och på utsidan lokaliserade till
åsmellanrummen (valleculae); här är de många och oregelbundet fördelade (ej lokaliserade till valleculae). /LF
Då kunde man här skriva ”many, not only in the valleculae” och berätta hur det är normalt i
familjeinledningen?/MA
Jag föreslår motsvarande formulering som på Berula och Angelica archangelica, fast med oljekanalerna synliga
på ytan: “vittae numerous, surrounding the endocarp (visible on the surface)” /LF
Jag tycker i alla fall att det ska stå i familjeinledningen hur det normalt är, kollas!!/MA
viii
I have seen the specimen O 310701, and the determination is ok. No comment of uncertainty on the
sheet./PU OK, text adjusted /LF
Jag fattar inte hur texten tillgodoser Perttis kommentar. Hur förhåller sig arket PU sett till lokalen du anger? Vad
är osäkert? Tydligen lokalen? Och vad är osäkert med det gotländska? – Jag ändrade till ”unconfirmed"
unconfirmed OK; jag har skickat mail till Pertti och bett om närmare insamlingsdata; ger mina data för Vf och
Gtl här nedan /LF
Vf: Ramnes [ej inkluderad i Elven 2005, eller Elvens checklista]; uppgift tveksam enl. R. Elven muntl.
Gtl: “Hejde: uppgiven som införd och spridd under 1900-talet av K. Johansson, äv. markerad som införd i Hulténs
atlas; uppgift bedömd som osäker [Rindi 1997]”
Status? Ej inhemsk eftersom kod saknas i Lid?? Om tillfällig eller ny så årtal. Får stå som osäker eftersom
Reidar tydligen sagt så (se beläggfilen på nätet; det framgår inte vad som var osäkert eller om han kände till
arket!)/MA OK, ändra geofil till “IIIIID”; årtal tillagt /LF