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ACM 365
WEEK -1
ACM 365 Course Notes
Web Development Environment
Authoring Web pages is not a particularly difficult task now-a-days.
Many standard desktop software packages come equipped with
built-in features to convert word processing documents,
spreadsheets, databases, and the like to coded documents that are
ready for access across the Web.
Special Web page authoring packages such as Microsoft FrontPage
and Adobe Dreamweaver permit creation of Web pages with dragand-drop ease. In most of these cases it is not even necessary to
know or to be aware of the special HTML(HyperText Markup
Language) coding that takes place behind the scenes.
If you know the XHTML language, then you can author your Web
pages with a simple text editor, usually gaining a great deal more
control over their structure and formatting than is possible with
drag-and-drop methods. In addition, you have the ability to easily
integrate existing XHTML code, Java applets, multimedia plug-ins,
and browser scripting languages to bring a modicum of user
interactively to your pages.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Web Development Environment
Web "development," as contrasted with Web page "authoring," goes
well beyond the use of markup codes and a few plug-ins or scripting
techniques to make attractive and informative Web pages. The term
pertains to the use of special strategies, tools, and methods for
producing Web pages and Web sites characterized as three-tier,
client/server, and information processing systems.
Web technologies are used to produce not just simple personal or
promotional Web sites containing informative, interesting, or
entertaining material for public consumption. Rather, they are
becoming important means for supporting the foundational
"business processes" of modern organizations -- the underlying
operational and management-support functions. The technical
infrastructures for supporting these purposes are roughly classified
into three types of Web-based systems, termed: intranets
, internets, and extranets.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Web Development Environment
ACM 365 Course Notes
Information Processing Model
The input function permits users to interact with the system,
requesting processing options, controlling information access, and
specifying delivery methods. Plus, the user can become the source of
the data which the system processes and which it maintains in its
repositories of stored information.
The processing function refers to the data manipulation activities
and the processing logic needed to carry out the work of the system.
The term implies that the system can be "programmed" to perform
the arithmetic and logical operations necessary to manipulate input
data and to produce output information.
The output function delivers the results of processing to the user in
a correct, timely, and appropriately formatted fashion.
The storage function ensures the currency and integrity of
processed information, maintaining it over the long term and
permitting it to be added to, changed, or deleted in systematic
fashion. In the final analysis, stored information becomes the
primary content of Web pages.
ACM 365 Course Notes
PHP
http://www.maconstateit.net/tutorials/PHP/default.htm
ACM 365 Course Notes
PHP
XML tag style
<?php
PHP Code Block
?>
Short style
<?
PHP Code Block
?>
Tag style
<script language="php">
PHP Code Block
</script>
ACM 365 Course Notes
Mixing HTML and PHP
ACM 365 Course Notes
Mixing HTML and PHP
XHTML 1.1 Conformance
The Web page should indicate with which set of standards it is
in conformance. A Web page denotes its conformance
standard with a Document Type Definition (DTD) coded
at the top of the page, following the XML declaration. Since
the primary conformance standard followed in these tutorials
is XHTML 1.1, the conformance DTD is coded as follows.
The <html> Root Element
Finally, the root element (the opening tag) of an XHTML
page should be an <html> tag indicating the namespace of
the applicable standard, that is, the Web location of the
XHTML standard being applied to the page.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Displaying Content
The echo and print statements appear in the following format:
echo - used to output one or more strings.
echo "Text to be displayed"
print - used to output a string. In some cases the print statement
offers greater functionality than the echo statement. These will be
discussed in later tutorials. For now print can be considered an alias
for echo.
print "Text to be displayed“
With both the echo and print statements, it is necessary to use
a <p> or <br/> tag to create paragraphs or line breaks.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Displaying Content
ACM 365 Course Notes
Instruction Terminator
ACM 365 Course Notes
Commenting your code
// - simple PHP comment
# - alternative simple PHP comment
/*...*/ - multi-line comment blocks.
Comments are ignored by the PHP parser.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Commenting your code
ACM 365 Course Notes
Scalar Variables
Variables are temporary place holders used to represent values used in a
PHP script. PHP includes two main types of variables: scalar and array.
Scalar variables contain only one value at a time , and array variables
contain a list of values. PHP scalar variables contain the following types:
Integers - whole numbers or numbers without decimals. (1, 999,
325812841)
Floating-point numbers (also known as floats or doubles) Numbers that contain decimals. (1.11, 2.5, .44)
Strings - text or numeric information. String data is always specified with
quotes ("Hello World", "478-477-5555")
Boolean - used for true or false values
PHP variables of all types begin with the "$" sign. Variable names can
contain letters, numbers, and the (_) underscore character. Variables
cannot, however, begin with numbers. In PHP variable names are case
sensitive.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Scalar Variables
Legal Variable Names
$myvar
$F_Name
$address1
$my_string_variable
Illegal Variable Names
Myvar
$1stvar
$&62##
$username = "jdoe"
$first_name = "John"
$Last_Name = "Doe"
ACM 365 Course Notes
Scalar Variables
ACM 365 Course Notes
Scalar Variables
ACM 365 Course Notes
Scalar Variables
Variable Concatenation
The dot operator can also be used to join strings and variables
ACM 365 Course Notes
Scalar Variables
Interpolation
PHP also supports a process known as interpolation - replacing a variable
with its contents within a string.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Scalar Variables
Formatting currency output
ACM 365 Course Notes
Scalar Variables
Sprintf (http://php.net/manual/en/function.sprintf.php)
ACM 365 Course Notes
Array Variables
While a PHP scalar variable stores a single value, an
array variable can be used to store a set or sequence of
values. PHP supports numerically indexed arrays and
associative arrays. An array in PHP is actually an ordered
map. A map is a type that maps values to keys. Array
variables consist of two parts - an index and an element.
The array index, sometimes referred to as the array key,
is a value used to identify or access array elements. The
array index is placed in square brackets. Most arrays use
numeric indices that typically start with 0 or 1. In PHP
associative arrays can use string indices. Both types of
arrays are created using the array() construct.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Array Variables
Numerically Indexed Arrays
$my_array = array('red', 'green', 'blue')
This code creates a numerically indexed array called
$my_array. The array is assigned three elements - red, green,
and blue. Each element is identified by a numeric index.
$my_array[0] = 'red' //index 0 corresponds to element red
$my_array[1] = 'green' // index 1 corresponds to element green
$my_array[2] = 'blue' // index 2 corresponds to element blue
ACM 365 Course Notes
Array Variables
ACM 365 Course Notes
Array Variables
Associative Arrays
Associative arrays allow you to use more useful index values. With
numerically indexed arrays, index values are created automatically
beginning with 0. Associative arrays permit numeric and string index
values. The symbol between the index and values (=>) is an equal sign
immediately followed by a greater than symbol.
$members = array('FName' => John, 'LName' => Smith, 'Age' => 50)
In this example, the array members contain three elements, however the
string indices - FName, LName, and Age are used.
$members['FName'] = 'John' //index FName corresponds to element John
$members['LName'] = 'Smith' // index LName corresponds to element Smith
$members['Age'] = '50' // index Age corresponds to element 50
ACM 365 Course Notes
Array Variables
ACM 365 Course Notes
Array Variables
Array Functions
count() - the count function is used to count the number of elements in an
array.
sort() - the sort function is used to sort the elements of an existing array.
shuffle() - the shuffle function is used to randomize the elements of a
given array.
sizeof() - the sizeof function is an alias of the count() function.
array_slice($array_name,offset, length) - the array_slice function is
used to extract a chuck of an existing array.$array_name is the name of the
array to slice, offset denotes the position where the slice will begin, length
indicates the number of elements that will be sliced from the array.
array_merge($array_name, $array_name) - the array_merge
function is used to combine or merge two or more existing arrays. The
names of the arrays are separated by commas.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Array Variables
ACM 365 Course Notes
Constants
A constant, like a variable, is a temporary placeholder in
memory that holds a value. Unlike variables, the value of a
constant never changes. When a constant is declared, the
define() function is used and requires the name of the
constant and the value you want to give the constant.
Constants can be assigned the following types of data:
Integers - whole numbers or numbers without decimals. (1,
999, 325812841)
Floating-point numbers (also known as floats or
doubles) - Numbers that contain decimals. (1.11, 2.5, .44)
Strings - text or numeric information. String data is always
specified with quotes ("Hello World", "478-477-5555")
ACM 365 Course Notes
Constants
PHP constants unlike variables do not begin with the
"$" sign. Constant names are usually uppercase.
Constant names can contain letters, numbers, and
the (_) underscore character. Constants cannot,
however, begin with numbers. Declaring constants is
demonstrated below:
define("STRING_CONSTANT", "This is my string.");
define("NUMERIC_CONSTANT", 5);
ACM 365 Course Notes
Constants
ACM 365 Course Notes
Operators
3 examples
ACM 365 Course Notes
Operators
ACM 365 Course Notes
Operators
ACM 365 Course Notes
Operators
ACM 365 Course Notes
Strings
Single Quoted Strings Single quotes provide the
easiest method for working with strings. Using this
method, strings are surrounded by single quotes (''). If
single quotes are needed as part of the display, they must
be escaped with the backslash ("\") character. While
single quotes provide an easy method for working with
strings, single quotes do not support the use of
interpolation.
Double Quoted Strings
PHP strings can also be displayed using double quotes
(""). If PHP strings are enclosed in double quotes, it is
possible to take advantage of interpolation. With double
quoted strings, PHP also supports more escape
characters
ACM 365 Course Notes
Strings
ACM 365 Course Notes
Strings
ACM 365 Course Notes
Strings
strlen(string) - determines the length of a string.
ltrim(string) - strips whitespace from the beginning of a string.
rtrim(string) - strips whitespace from the end of a string.
strpbrk(string, char) - Searchs the string for the character (char).
Returns false or string beginning with the character found.
strtoupper(string) - converts string to uppercase.
strtolower(string) - converts string to lowercase.
strrev(string) - reverses a string.
eregi(string pattern, string subject) - Performs a case insensitive
expression match. Searches subject for a match to the regular expression
given in pattern.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Strings
ACM 365 Course Notes
Date/Time
date(format) - Returns the current server time,
formatted according to a given set of parameters.
checkdate(month, day, year) - Validates a given
date. Successful validation means that the year is
between 0 and 32767, the month is between 1 and 12,
and the proper number of days in each month.
time() - Returns the current server time, measured
in seconds since the Epoch or January 1, 1970.
ACM 365 Course Notes
Date/Time
ACM 365 Course Notes
Date/Time
http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php
ACM 365 Course Notes
