Download physical science crt study guide (chemistry)

PHYSICAL SCIENCE CRT STUDY GUIDE (CHEMISTRY)
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. In a solution, what is the substance that is being dissolved called?
a. solute
b. solvent
c. solution
d. mixture
2. You mix a powdered drink mix with water. The result is an example of what type of mixture?
a. solution
b. heterogeneous mixture c. homogeneous mixture
3. What is salt water?
a. solution
b. heterogeneous mixture
c. homogeneous mixture
4. What is the solvent in salt water?
a. salt
b. water
c. sodium
d. chlorine
5. What is the solute in salt water?
a. salt
b. water
c. sodium
d. chlorine
6. Substance “A” is added to water. Substance “A” does not dissolve. What term can be used to
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8.
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9.
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describe the relationship between substance A and water?
a. soluble
c. miscible
b. insoluble
d. concentrate
Substance “A” is added to water. Substance “A” does dissolve. What term can be used to describe
the relationship between substance A and water?
a. soluble
b. insoluble
c. immiscible
d. concentrate
Aunt Gussie made ice tea. What is the solvent?
a. tea leaves
b. water
c. tea
d. ice
Jack bought Jill a sterling silver ring. Sterling silver is 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper. What is the
solvent in sterling silver?
a. silver
b. sterling gold
c. copper
d. none of the
above
Air is approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% everything else. What is the solvent of air?
a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. everything else
A crystal is dropped into a solution and it completely dissolves. What type of solution is it?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
A crystal is dropped into a solution and it sinks to the bottom without dissolving. What type of
solution is it?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
A crystal is dropped into a solution and it causes many crystals to come out of the solution. What
type of solution is it?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
If a crystal of sodium acetate is dropped into a solution and more sodium acetate crystals appear,
what type of solution was it originally?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
If a crystal of sodium acetate is dropped into a solution and the sodium acetate crystal dissolves,
what type of solution was it originally?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
____ 16. If a crystal of sodium acetate is dropped into a solution and the sodium acetate crystal sits on the
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bottom of the container, what type of solution was it originally?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
A solution of iron III chloride has crystals on the bottom of the beaker and has a yellow color. It is
heated and the crystals dissolve. What type of solution was it originally?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
A solution of cobalt II chloride is blue. Twenty-five (25) grams of cobalt II chloride is added to the
solution. It dissolves with very little stirring. What type of solution was it originally?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
Salt is added to a pot of water. It dissolves immediately. What type of solution was it originally?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
Salt is added to a pot of water. The added salt falls immediately to the bottom of the pot and stays
there. What type of solution was it originally?
a. unsaturated
b. saturated
c. supersaturated
d. mixture
A light bulb is placed in a solution. When a current is applied, the light bulb lights up. What type of
solution is the light bulb in?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in a solution. When a current is applied, the light bulb does not light up. What
type of solution is the light bulb in?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in a salt water solution. When a current is applied, the light bulb lights up.
What type of solution is salt water?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in a sugar water solution. When a current is applied, the light bulb light does
not light up. What type of solution is the sugar water?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in a solution of copper II sulfate. When a current is applied, the light bulb
lights up. What type of solution is the copper II sulfate?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in pure water. When a current is applied, the light bulb does not light up. How
can the pure water be classified?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in a solution of ions of iron and copper. When a current is applied, the light
bulb lights up. What type of solution is the light bulb in?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in an aqueous solution of battery acid. When a current is applied, the light bulb
lights up. What type of solution is the light bulb in?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in a “Gatorade” solution. When a current is applied, the light bulb lights up.
What type of solution is the “Gatorade”?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
A light bulb is placed in a solution that contains no ions. When a current is applied, the light bulb
does not light up. What type of solution is the light bulb in?
a. electrolyte
b. nonelectrolyte
____ 31. Describe what effect increasing the surface area of a solid will have on the solution it is forming?
a. speeds rate of reaction b. slows rate of reaction
c. no change
____ 32. When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, the gas dissolves faster if the liquid is what?
a. cooled
c. stays at room temperature
b. heated
d. super heated
____ 33. What changes in pressure and temperature would increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
a. increase temperature and increase
c. decrease temperature and increase
pressure
b. increase temperature and decrease
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pressure
d. decrease temperature and decrease
pressure
pressure
What factor would increase the solubility of a gas in a liquid?
a. decrease temperature
b. increase temperature
What factor would decrease the rate which a solid dissolves?
a. decrease temperature
b. increase temperature
When a gas is dissolved in a liquid, the gas will dissolve faster under what conditions?
a. lower temperature
b. higher temperature
What can be done to increase the solubility of sugar in water?
a. lower temperature of the water
c. increase pressure to the sugar
b. heat temperature of the water
d. decrease pressure to the sugar
Which of the following will speed up the dissolving of a solid solute in water?
a. leave it alone
b. add inhibitor
c. stir the solution d. cool the water
Describe what effect “grinding up” a solid solute will have on the solution it is forming?
a. speeds the rate of solution
b. slows the rate of solution
Describe what effect increasing the temperature of the solvent will have on the solution it is
forming?
a. speeds the rate of solution
b. slows the rate of solution
Which radioactive particle can be stopped by a sheet of paper?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. omicron
What is the most penetrating type of radiation?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma ray
d. omicron
Which of the following lists the three types of nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating
power?
a. alpha, beta, gamma
b. beta, alpha, gamma
c. gamma, beta, alpha
What type of radiation has neither charge nor mass?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. omicron
What type of radiation consists of negatively charged particles that are emitted at high speed from a
nucleus?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. omicron
What is the least penetrating type of radiation?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. omicron
Which type of radioactive particle is actually an electron emitted from a nucleus during radioactive
decay?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. gamma
d. omicron
What type of radiation is actually a helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons?
a. alpha
b. beta
____ 49. What is an alpha particle composed of?
a. nucleus of a helium atom
b. electron
c. gamma
d. omicron
c. electromagnetic radiation
d. neutron
____ 50. Which type of radioactive particle has a +2 charge?
a. alpha particle
b. beta particle
c. gamma ray
d. omicron particle
____ 51. Of fission and fusion, which produces new elements?
a. fission
b. fusion
c. both of these
d. none of these
____ 52. Which of the following pertains to both a fusion reaction and a fission reaction?
a. they both take place in the sun
c. a by product is helium
b. they both produce energy
d. they both produce lower masses
____ 53. Of fission and fusion, which produces nuclei of lower mass than the reactants?
a. fission
b. fusion
____ 54. Of fission and fusion, which produces nuclei of higher mass than the reactants?
a. fission
b. fusion
____ 55. Of fission and fusion, which reaction must take place at extremely high temperatures?
a. fission
b. fusion
____ 56. Of fission and fusion, which reaction is currently used in nuclear power plants?
a. fission
b. fusion
____ 57. Of fission and fusion, which produces toxic waste?
a. fission
b. fusion
____ 58. Of fission and fusion, which takes place in the sun?
a. fission
b. fusion
____ 59. Of fission and fusion, which combines light-mass nuclei to form heavier, more stable nuclei?
a. fission
b. fusion
____ 60. Of fission and fusion, which one produces helium as its major by-product?
a. fission
b. fusion
____ 61. Which of the following: francium, calcium, titanium, or iron is the most reactive?
a. francium (Fr)
b. calcium (Ca)
c. titanium (Ti)
d. iron (Fe)
____ 62. Which group in the periodic table has two valence electrons in their atoms?
a. Group 1
b. Group 2
c. Group 3
d. Group 4
____ 63. How many valence electrons does calcium (Ca) have?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 4
d. 2
____ 64. How many valence electrons does chlorine (Cl) have?
a. 1
b. 5
c. 3
d. 7
____ 65. Identify the element that is most reactive of all elements.
a. Fluorine
b. Lithium
c. Hydrogen
d. Helium
____ 66. How many valence electrons does sodium (Na) have?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 8
d. 5
____ 67. How many valence electrons does oxygen (O) have?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 4
d. 8
____ 68. How many valence electrons does hydrogen (H) have?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 8
d. 1
____ 69. How many valence electrons does iodine (I) have?
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a. 7
b. 5
c. 3
d. 4
How many valence electrons does neon (Ne) have?
a. 2
b. 6
c. 4
d. 8
Which of the following elements: boron, nitrogen, magnesium, carbon is a metal?
a. boron
b. nitrogen
c. magnesium
d. carbon
Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?
a. to the right of the zigzag line
b. to the left of the zigzag line
Where are metals located in the periodic table?
a. to the right of the zigzag line
b. to the left of the zigzag line
What family of elements does not readily form compounds?
a. alkali metals
b. noble gases
c. alkali earth metals d. metalloids
Categorize element “X” as a metal, metalloid, nonmetal, or noble gas. Element “X” is ductile, malleable, and
a solid at room temperature.
a. metalloid
c. metal
b. noble gas
d. nonmetal
Categorize element “X” as a metal, metalloid, nonmetal, or noble gas. Element “X” is dull, brittle solid and is
a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
a. metalloid
b. metal
c. noble gas
d. nonmetal
Which of the following elements: krypton, boron, iron, and oxygen is a metal?
a. oxygen
b. boron
c. krypton
d. iron
Which of the following elements: aluminum, boron, iron, and oxygen is a non-metal?
a. boron
b. iron
c. oxygen
d. aluminum
Which of the following elements: krypton, boron, iron, and oxygen is a metalloid?
a. iron
b. boron
c. krypton
d. oxygen
Which of the following elements: krypton, boron, iron, and oxygen is a noble gas?
a. krypton
b. boron
c. iron
d. oxygen
Of the following elements: hydrogen, magnesium, aluminum, and strontium which are in the same group?
a. aluminum &
b. hydrogen &
c. magnesium &
d. strontium &
magnesium
magnesium
strontium
aluminum
Of the following elements: hydrogen, magnesium, aluminum, and strontium which are in the same period?
a. hydrogen &
b. hydrogen &
c. magnesium &
d. strontium &
magnesium
strontium
aluminum
aluminum
Of the following elements: sodium, potassium, titanium, and oxygen which are in the same group?
a. potassium & oxygen
c. titanium & oxygen
b. sodium & titanium
d. sodium & potassium
Of the following elements: sodium, potassium, titanium, and oxygen which are in the same period?
a. sodium & potassium
c. titanium & sodium
b. potassium & titanium
d. potassium & oxygen
Of the following elements: fluorine, iodine, phosphorous, and silver which are in the same group?
a. phosphorous & iodine
c. silver & fluorine
b. iodine & silver
d. fluorine & iodine
Of the following elements: fluorine, iodine, phosphorous, and silver which are in the same period?
a. silver & iodine
c. iodine & phosphorous
b. phosphorous & silver
d. silver & fluorine
Of the following elements: calcium, cobalt, barium, nitrogen which are in the same group?
a. nitrogen & calcium
c. nitrogen & barium
b. cobalt & nitrogen
d. calcium & barium
____ 88. Of the following elements: calcium, cobalt, barium, nitrogen which are in the same period?
a. nitrogen & barium
c. calcium & nitrogen
b. cobalt & calcium
d. barium & calcium
____ 89. Of the following elements: oxygen, neon, krypton, and aluminum which are in the same period?
a. aluminum & krypton
c. krypton & oxygen
b. neon & aluminum
d. oxygen & neon
____ 90. Of the following elements: oxygen, neon, krypton, and aluminum which are in the same group?
a. oxygen & neon
c. neon & krypton
b. aluminum & oxygen
d. oxygen & krypton
____ 91. A certain isotope has 26 protons and 30 neutrons. What is its mass number?
a. 30
b. 56
c. 26
d. 4
____ 92. What would be the mass number of an atom of oxygen with 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons?
a. 8
b. 24
c. 16
d. 22
____ 93. A certain isotope has 51 protons and 70 neutrons. What is its mass number?
a. 121
b. 21
c. 50
d. 70
____ 94. What would be the mass number of an atom of gold with 79 protons, 79 electrons, and 118 neutrons?
a. 118
b. 197
c. 79
d. 158
____ 95. A particular isotope has 11 protons, 12 neutrons and 11 electrons. This is an isotope of which element?
a. magnesium (Mg) b. vanadium (V)
c. selenium (Se)
d. sodium (Na)
____ 96. A particular isotope has 6 protons, 8 neutrons and 6 electrons. This is an isotope of which element?
a. carbon (C)
b. oxygen (O)
c. magnesium (Mg) d. silicon (Si)
____ 97. A particular isotope has 92 protons, 142 neutrons and 92 electrons. This is an isotope of which element?
a. antimony (Sb)
b. americium (Am) c. protactinium (Pa) d. uranium (U)
____ 98. A particular isotope has 82 protons, 125 neutrons and 82 electrons. This is an isotope of which element?
a. palladium (Pd)
b. lead (Pb)
c. technetium (Tc)
d. platinum (Pt)
____ 99. What is the atomic number of a carbon-14 isotope?
a. 12
b. 14
c. 6
____ 100. What is the mass number of a carbon-14 isotope?
a. 14
b. 6
c. 12
____ 101. Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation?
a. AgNO3 + 2NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3
c. 3AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + 2NaNO3
b. AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3
d. AgNO4 + NaCl  3AgCl + NaNO3
____ 102. Choose the correct chemical formula for magnesium chloride.
a. MnCl2
b. MtCl2
c. MgCl2
d. MdCl2
____ 103. Choose the chemical formula for carbon dioxide.
a. CO2
b. CO3
c. CO
d. C2O2
____ 104. Which of the following is the chemical formula for dinitrogen monoxide?
a. 2N2O
b. 3N2O
c. N2O
d. 4N2O
____ 105. If you are using prefixes to name compounds, what type of compounds are you naming?
a. ionic
b. diatomic
c. covalent
d. tetrahedron
____ 106. Choose the balanced chemical equation for a reaction of sodium with oxygen that results in the formation of
sodium oxide.
a. 3Na + O2  2Na2O
c. 2Na + 4O2  2Na2O
b. 4Na + 2O2  2Na2O
d. 4Na + O2  2Na2O
____ 107. Select the balanced equation of a reaction of sodium with chlorine which results in the formation of sodium
chloride.
a. 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
c. 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl2
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b. 2Na + 2Cl2 2NaCl
d. 4Na + Cl2 2NaCl
Choose the coefficients that correctly balance the chemical equation: __ CaCO3(s) 
__CaO(s) + __CO2(g).
a. 1, 2, 1
b. 2, 1, 1
c. 1, 1, 1
d. 2, 1, 2
Choose the coefficients that correctly balance the chemical equation: __NH4NO2  __N2 + __H2O.
a. 1, 2, 2
b. 2, 1, 2
c. 1, 1, 1
d. 1, 1, 2
Choose the coefficients that correctly balance the chemical equation __CaO + __H2O  __Ca(OH)2
a. 1, 1, 1
b. 1, 2, 1
c. 1, 2, 2
d. 2, 1, 2
Select the balanced equation, given H2 + O2  H2O.
a. 2H2 + O2  H2O
c. 2H2 + O2  2H2O
b. 2H2 + 2O2  2H2O
d. H2 + 2O2  2H2O
Which of the following is the formula for carbon tetrachloride?
a. CaCl4
b. CuCl4
c. ClCl4
d. CCl4
Which of the following is the formula for sodium fluoride?
a. SF
b. NaF
c. NF
d. SrF
Choose the balanced chemical equation, given C2H6O + O2  CO2 + H2O.
a. C2H5O + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O
c. 2C2H6O + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O
b. C2H7O + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O
d. C2H6O + 3O2  2CO2 + 3H2O
Which reaction is represented by NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl?
a. decomposition
c. single replacement
b. synthesis
d. double replacement
Identify the basic formula for a decomposition reaction?
a. A + B  AB
c. AB  A + B
b. A + BC  AC + B
d. AB + CD  AD + CB
Identify the basic formula for a synthesis (composition) reaction?
a. A + BC  AC + B
c. AB  A + B
b. A + B  AB
d. AB + CD  AD + CB
Identify the basic formula for a single replacement reaction?
a. A + B  AB
c. AB + CD  AD + CB
b. AB  A + B
d. A + BC  AC + B
Identify the basic formula for a double replacement reaction?
a. A + B  AB
c. AB  A + B
b. AB + CD  AD + CB
d. A + BC  AC + B
What type of reaction involves the breaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances?
a. synthesis
c. decomposition
b. single replacement
d. double replacement
What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation:
2H2O  2H2 + O2?
a. synthesis
c. decomposition
b. double replacement
d. single replacement
How would you classify a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single compound?
a. single replacement
c. decomposition
b. double replacement
d. synthesis (composition) reaction
The equation below is an example of which type of chemical reaction?
Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
a. double replacement
c. single-replacement reaction
b. synthesis
d. decomposition
The equation below is an example of which type of chemical reaction?
____ 125.
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____ 128.
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____ 141.
NaCl + AgF  NaF + AgCl
a. double-replacement reaction
c. single replacement
b. decomposition
d. synthesis
The equation below is an illustration of what type of reaction? A + B  AB
a. decomposition
c. single replacement
b. synthesis
d. double replacement
The equation below is an illustration of what type of reaction? AB  A + B
a. synthesis
c. decomposition
b. double replacement
d. single replacement
The equation below is an illustration of what type of reaction?
AB + C  AC + B
a. decomposition
c. synthesis
b. single-replacement
d. double replacement
The equation below is an illustration of what type of reaction?
AB + CD  AD + CB
a. single replacement
c. decomposition
b. synthesis
d. double-replacement
The equation below is an example of what type of chemical reaction?
2Na + Cl2  2NaCl
a. decomposition
c. single replacement
b. synthesis reaction
d. double replacement
The equation below is an example of what type of chemical reaction?
H2CO3  H2O + CO2
a. double replacement
c. synthesis
b. decomposition reaction
d. single replacement
How would you describe a chemical reaction in which heat energy is released?
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
How would you describe a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed?
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
How would you classify a chemical reaction in which energy is released?
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
A solid substance enters its liquid state. What type of process has the substance undergone?
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
Below is a picture of a melting ice cube. What type of process is the substance undergoing?
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
Dry ice, solid carbon dioxide, goes from the solid state directly to the gaseous state without going through the
liquid state. What type of process has the substance undergone?
a. oxidation
b. sublimation
c. evaporation
d. transpiration
Water is placed in the freezer and turns to solid ice. What type of process has the substance undergone?
a. thawing
b. evaporation
c. freezing
d. melting
Heat is added to liquid water until it turns to steam. Energy is absorbed in the process. What type of process
is this?
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
A gas is cooled and turns into a liquid. Heat is released in the process. What type of process is this?
a. endothermic
b. exothermic
A gas is cooled and turns into a liquid. What type of process is this?
a. evaporation
b. transpiration
c. sublimation
d. condensation
Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation?
a. Fe2O3 + 3C  4Fe + 3CO2
b. 2Fe2O3 + 3C  4Fe + 3CO2
c. 2Fe2O3 + 4C  4Fe + 3CO2
d. 2Fe2O3 + 3C  4Fe + 2CO2