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Chapter 4
Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
Elemental Geosystems 5e
Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
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Wind Essentials
Driving Forces Within the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Patterns of Motion
Oceanic Currents
Wind Essentials
• Air Pressure and Its Measurement
• Wind: Description and Measurement
• Global Winds
Barometers
Air Pressure Readings
Wind Vane and
Anemometer
Wind
Portrait
of the
Pacific
Ocean
Driving Forces Within
the Atmosphere
• Pressure Gradient Force
• Coriolis Force
• Friction Force
Pressure Gradient
Pressure + Coriolis + Friction =
Wind
Coriolis Force
500-mb Pressure Map
Atmospheric Patterns of Motion
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Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas
Upper Atmospheric Circulation
Multi-year Oscillations in Global Circulation
Local Winds
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Monsoonal winds
Global Barometric Pressure
Global Barometric Pressure
Primary High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Areas
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Equatorial Low-Pressure Trough
Polar High-Pressure Cells
Subtropical High-Pressure Cells
Subpolar Low-Pressure Cells
Subtropical High-Pressure Cells
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Westerlies
Bermuda High
Azores High
Pacific High
General Atmospheric Circulation
General Atmospheric Circulation
Rossby Waves
Jet Streams
Local Winds
• Land-Sea Breezes
• Mountain-Valley Breezes
• Katabatic Winds
Land-Sea
Breezes
Mountain-Valley
Breezes
The Asian Monsoon
Oceanic Currents
• Surface Currents
• Upwelling and Downwelling Flows
• Thermohaline Circulation―The Deep Currents
Major Ocean Currents
Pacific Ocean Currents
Thermohaline
Circulation
End of Chapter 4
Elemental Geosystems 5e