Download MCC Test 1 Spring 2013 Answer Section

MCC Test 1 Spring 2013
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The three particles that make up atoms are
a. protons, neutrons, and isotopes.
b. neutrons, isotopes, and electrons.
c. positives, negatives, and electrons.
d. protons, neutrons, and electrons.
____
2. The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains
a. protons.
c. neutrons.
b. electrons.
d. ions.
____
3. The nucleus is made up of
a. protons and electrons.
b. electrons and neutrons.
c. protons and neutrons.
d. protons, neutrons, and electrons.
____
4. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and
a. a different number of electrons.
c. a different number of neutrons.
b. a different number of molecules.
d. the same number of neutrons.
____
5. If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic number is
a. 1.
c. 12.
b. 11.
d. 23.
____
6. Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in
definite proportions?
a. compound
c. nucleus
b. isotope
d. enzyme
____
7. Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
a. one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
b. one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine
c. one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen
d. two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
____
8. Which of the following statements about a compound is true?
a. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those
of the elements from which it is formed.
b. Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements
from which it is formed.
c. Only the chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements
from which it is formed.
d. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the
elements from which it is formed.
____
9. A covalent bond is formed as the result of
a. transferring electrons.
b. sharing an electron pair.
c. transferring protons.
d. sharing a proton pair.
____ 10. What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
a. neutral
c. negative
b. positive
d. possibly positive or negative
____ 11. Water molecules are polar, with the
a. oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being slightly negative.
b. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly positive.
c. oxygen and hydrogen sides being slightly negative.
d. oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive.
____ 12. A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain
in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York
State has a pH of
a. 4.22.
c. 4.35.
b. 4.30.
d. 4.40.
____ 13. A substance with a pH of 6 is called
a. an acid.
b. a base.
c. both an acid and a base.
d. neither an acid nor a base.
____ 14. A monosaccharide is a
a. carbohydrate.
b. lipid.
c. nucleic acid.
d. protein.
____ 15. Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
a. carbohydrates
c. nucleic acids
b. lipids
d. proteins
____ 16. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
a. store and transmit heredity
b. help to fight disease
c. control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
d. build tissues such as bone and muscle
____ 17. Which statement is true?
a. Simple sugars are made of polysaccharides.
b. Glycerol is made of fatty acids.
c. RNA molecules are made of nucleotides.
d. Amino acids are made of proteins.
____ 18. A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an)
a. catalyst.
c. molecule.
b. lipid.
d. element.
____ 19. Over 96% of all living matter is made of six elements—oxygen, carbon, sulfur,
a. iron, nitrogen, and platinum.
b. hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
c. nitrogen, iron, and potassium.
d. sodium, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
Figure 01.01
____ 20. The black dots in the Figure 01.01 diagram represent
a. atoms.
c. electrons.
b. molecules.
d. chemical bonds.
____ 21. If there were eight neutrons in the nucleus of the Figure 01.01 diagram, how would it be related to
the original?
a. It would be a molecule.
b. Its charge would increase.
c. It would be an isotopic form.
d. Its charge would decrease.
____ 22. If one of the black dots in the Figure 01.01 diagram was lost during a reaction, the charge of the
atom would
a. remain the same.
b. be positive.
c. be negative.
d. be neutral.
____ 23. If an atom or a molecule gains or loses an electron, it becomes a(n)
a. different element.
c. isotope.
b. nonfunctional molecule.
d. ion.
____ 24. An ionic bond is formed as the result of
a. the actual sharing of electrons.
b. a release of energy.
c. the transfer of electrons.
d. a combination of fats and proteins.
____ 25. The building blocks for carbohydrates are
a. simple sugars.
c. metabolism.
b. glycerol and fatty acids.
d. nucleotides.
____ 26. Cellulose is one type of
a. carbohydrate.
b. lipid.
c. protein.
d. nucleic acid.
____ 27. Which of these is composed of many simple sugar molecules?
a. glycogen
c. meat
b. ATP
d. pigments
____ 28. Which of these would be found in a protein but not in a carbohydrate?
a. carbon
c. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
d. oxygen
____ 29. Glycerol and fatty acids are building blocks for
a. proteins.
c. nucleic acids.
b. lipids.
d. carbohydrates.
____ 30. A protein is
a. constructed from amino acids.
b. made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only.
c. a small molecule.
d. a building block for animals only.
____ 31. All nucleotides contain the same kind of
a. ribose sugar.
b. nucleic acid.
c. pyrimidines.
d. phosphate groups.
____ 32. The four nucleotides in a DNA molecule differ from one another only in the
a. kind of nitrogen bases they contain.
b. basic atomic structure of their sugars.
c. attachment of the phosphates to the sugar.
d. position of the bases in the molecule.
____ 33. Which of the diagrams below is the Bohr model for magnesium (Mg), atomic number of 12?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A
B
C
D
e. E
____ 34. Which of the following bases is not found in DNA?
a. Thymine
b. Adenine
c. Uracil
d. Guanine
e. Cytosine
____ 35. The four nitrogenous bases of RNA are abbreviated as
a. A, G, C, and T.
b. A, G, T, and N.
c. G, C, U, and N.
d. A, G, U, and T.
e. A, G, C, and U.
____ 36. A protein can best be defined as a polymer
a. of amino acids.
b. containing one or more polypeptide chains.
c. containing 20 amino acids.
d. containing 20 peptide linkages.
e. containing double helices.
____ 37. Amino acids can be grouped according to the properties of their
a. amino groups.
b. hydrogen.
c. carboxyl groups.
d. R groups.
e.  carbon.
____ 38. The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged in an  helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by
a. covalent bonds.
b. peptide bonds.
c. glycosidic linkages.
d. polar bonds.
e. hydrogen bonds.
____ 39. A  pleated sheet organization in a polypeptide chain is an example of _______ structure.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
e. coiled
____ 40. The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by its
a. interactions among R groups.
b. right-handed coil.
c. hydrogen bonding.
d. branching.
e. glycosidic linkages.
____ 41. A(n) _______ protein is a protein that has become nonfunctional due to the loss of its three-dimensional
structure.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
permanent
reversible
denatured
hydrolyzed
environmentalized
____ 42. Which of the following protein structures is destroyed by denaturation?
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Both a and b
e. Both b and c
____ 43. The diagram below shows three amino acids. Which of the following statements about these amino acids is
true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
They have charged hydrophilic side chains.
They have hydrophobic side chains.
They have uncharged polar side chains.
They form disulfide bridges.
They are smaller than all other amino acids.
____ 44. The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of
another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
a. a covalent bond
b. a hydrogen bond
c. an ionic bond
d. a hydrophilic bond
e. a hydrophobic bond
____ 45. What determines the cohesiveness of water molecules?
a. hydrophobic interactions
b. nonpolar covalent bonds
c. ionic bonds
d. hydrogen bonds
e. both A and C
____ 46. What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water?
a. All increase when temperature increases.
b. All are produced by ionic bonding.
c. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding.
d. All have to do with nonpolar covalent bonds.
e. C and D only
____ 47. Which bonds must be broken for water to vaporize?
a. ionic bonds
b. nonpolar covalent bonds
c. polar covalent bonds
d. hydrogen bonds
e. covalent bonds
____ 48. At what temperature is water at its densest?
a. 0°C
b. 4°C
c. 32°C
d. 100°C
e. 212°C
The picture below illustrates a solute molecule surrounded by a hydration shell of water. Use it to answer the
following question.
____ 49. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule is most likely
a. positively charged.
b. negatively charged.
c. without charge.
d. hydrophobic.
e. nonpolar.
____ 50. Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are
a. nonpolar substances that repel water molecules.
b. nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules.
c. polar substances that repel water molecules.
d. polar substances that have an affinity for water.
e. charged molecules that hydrogen-bond with water molecules.
____ 51. Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
a. ketone and aldehyde
b. carbonyl and carboxyl
c. carboxyl and amino
d. phosphate and sulfhydryl
e. hydroxyl and aldehyde
____ 52. Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
a. amino
b. carbonyl
c. carboxyl
d. sulfhydryl
e. aldehyde
____ 53. If 128 molecules of the general type shown in the figure below were covalently joined together in sequence,
the single molecule that would result would be a
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
polysaccharide.
polypeptide.
polyunsaturated lipid.
monosaccharide.
disaccharide.
____ 54. The molecule shown in the figure below is a
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
polysaccharide.
polypeptide.
saturated fatty acid.
triacylglycerol.
unsaturated fatty acid.
____ 55. What is the structure shown in the figure below?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
starch molecule
protein molecule
steroid molecule
cellulose molecule
phospholipid molecule
____ 56. The chemical reaction illustrated in the figure below results in the formation of a (an)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ionic bond.
peptide bond.
glycosidic linkage.
ester linkage.
phosphodiester linkage.
Short Answer
57. Why are atoms considered neutral?
58. What are the main types of chemical bonds?
59. What accounts for water’s properties of adhesion and cohesion?
60. What are the four groups of organic compounds found in living things?
61. Distinguish between RNA and DNA.
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Element
Symbol
Protons
Neutrons
Hydrogen
H
1
Helium
He
2
Carbon
C
6
Oxygen
O
8
Neon
Ne
Aluminum
Al
Zinc
Zn
Atomic
Number
1
Electrons
Mass
Number
4
6
8
10
10
13
20
27
30
30
65
Figure 2–1
62. Calculating Based on Figure 2–1, what is the mass number of carbon?
63. Applying Concepts Based on Figure 2–1, what is the atomic number of oxygen?
64. Applying Concepts Using Figure 2–1, how many electrons does an atom of aluminum contain?
65. Applying Concepts According to Figure 2–1, an atom of which element contains two neutrons?
66. Applying Concepts Based on Figure 2–1, which element has a mass number of 16?
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
pH Values of Some Common Substances
Substance
pH
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
1.0
1.2
Tomatoes
4.2
Rainwater
6.2
Pure water
7.0
Sea water
8.5
Ammonium chloride
11.1
Sodium hydroxide
13.0
Figure 2–2
67. Applying Concepts What is the strongest acid listed in Figure 2–2?
MCC Test 1 Spring 2013
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
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23. ANS:
24. ANS:
D
2.1.1
B
2.1.1
C
2.1.1
C
2.1.2
B
2.1.2
A
2.1.3
D
2.1.3
A
2.1.3
B
2.1.4
B
2.1.4
D
2.2.1
A
2.2.3
A
2.2.3
A
2.3.1
A
2.3.1
A
2.3.1
C
2.3.1
A
2.4.3
B
C
C
B
D
C
PTS: 1
DIF: B
REF: p. 35
PTS: 1
DIF: A
REF: p. 35
PTS: 1
DIF: B
REF: p. 35
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STA:
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DIF: B
REF: p. 36
DIF: E
REF: p. 36
DIF: B
REF: p. 37
DIF: A
REF: p. 37
DIF: A
REF: p. 37
DIF: B
REF: p. 38
DIF: A
REF: p. 38
DIF: B
REF: p. 40
DIF: E
REF: p. 43
DIF: A
REF: p. 43
1
BIO.1.1
1
BIO.1.1
1
BIO.1.2
1
BIO.1.2
1
BIO.1.2
1
BIO.1.2
1
BIO.1.2
1
BIO.1.2
1
PTS: 1
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1
DIF: A
BIO.1.3 | BIO.1.2 | BIO.1.4
1
DIF: B
BIO.1.1 | BIO.1.3 | BIO.1.4
1
DIF: B
BIO.1.3 | BIO.1.2
1
DIF: A
BIO.1.3 | BIO.1.2 | BIO.1.4
1
DIF: B
BIO.1.5 | BIO.1.4 | BIO.2.4
1
REF: 1.1
1
REF: 1.2
1
REF: 1.2
1
REF: 1.2
1
REF: 1.4
1
REF: 1.4
REF: p. 46
REF: p. 45
REF: p. 48
REF: p. 46 | p. 47
REF: p. 51
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A
A
A
A
A|B
B
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50.
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A
PTS: 1
REF: 1.7
OBJ: D
A
PTS: 1
REF: 1.7
OBJ: D
A
PTS: 1
REF: 1.7
OBJ: D
B
PTS: 1
REF: 1.7
OBJ: D
B
PTS: 1
REF: 1.8
OBJ: D
A
PTS: 1
REF: 1.9
OBJ: D
D
PTS: 1
REF: 1.10
OBJ: D
A
PTS: 1
REF: 1.10
OBJ: D
B
PTS: 1
REF: Page 17-18
Concept 2.1 Atomic Structure Is the Basis for Life’s Chemistry
3. Applying
C
PTS: 1
REF: Page 35
Concept 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational Macromolecules
1. Remembering
E
PTS: 1
REF: Page 35
Concept 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational Macromolecules
1. Remembering
A
PTS: 1
REF: Page 39
Concept 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
2. Understanding
D
PTS: 1
REF: Page 40
Concept 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
2. Understanding
E
PTS: 1
REF: Page 42
Concept 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
2. Understanding
B
PTS: 1
REF: Page 42
Concept 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
1. Remembering
A
PTS: 1
REF: Page 43
Concept 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
2. Understanding
C
PTS: 1
REF: Page 43
Concept 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
1. Remembering
E
PTS: 1
REF: Page 43
Concept 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
1. Remembering
A
PTS: 1
REF: Page 40
Concept 3.2 Proteins Are Polymers with Important Structural and Metabolic Roles
3. Applying
B
PTS: 1
TOP: Concept 3.1
D
PTS: 1
TOP: Concept 3.2
C
PTS: 1
TOP: Concept 3.2
D
PTS: 1
TOP: Concept 3.2
B
PTS: 1
TOP: Concept 3.2
A
PTS: 1
TOP: Concept 3.2
A
PTS: 1
TOP: Concept 3.2
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
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C
C
A
E
C
B
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1
1
1
1
1
1
TOP:
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Concept 4.3
Concept 4.3
Concept 5.2
Concept 5.3
Concept 5.3
Concept 5.4
SHORT ANSWER
57. ANS:
Atoms have equal numbers of negative electrons and positive protons.
PTS: 1
DIF: E
REF: p. 35
OBJ: 2.1.1
58. ANS:
The main types of chemical bonds are covalent bonds and ionic bonds.
PTS: 1
DIF: B
REF: p. 38
OBJ: 2.1.4
STA: BIO.1.2
59. ANS:
The ability of water to form multiple hydrogen bonds accounts for water’s properties of adhesion and
cohesion.
PTS: 1
DIF: A
REF: p. 41
OBJ: 2.2.1
STA: BIO.1.2
60. ANS:
The four groups are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
PTS: 1
DIF: B
REF: p. 45
OBJ: 2.3.1
STA: BIO.1.1 | BIO.1.3 | BIO.1.4
61. ANS:
RNA contains the sugar ribose, and DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.
PTS: 1
DIF: A
STA: BIO.1.3 | BIO.1.2 | BIO.1.4
REF: p. 47
OBJ: 2.3.1
OTHER
62. ANS:
12
PTS: 1
STA: BIO.1.1
63. ANS:
8
DIF: B
REF: p. 35 | p. 36
OBJ: 2.1.2
PTS: 1
STA: BIO.1.1
64. ANS:
DIF: B
REF: p. 35 | p. 36
OBJ: 2.1.2
13
PTS: 1
STA: BIO.1.1
65. ANS:
helium
DIF: B
REF: p. 35 | p. 36
OBJ: 2.1.2
PTS: 1
STA: BIO.1.1
66. ANS:
oxygen
DIF: B
REF: p. 35 | p. 36
OBJ: 2.1.2
PTS: 1
STA: BIO.1.1
67. ANS:
hydrochloric acid
DIF: B
REF: p. 35 | p. 36
OBJ: 2.1.2
DIF: A
REF: p. 43
OBJ: 2.2.3
PTS: 1