Download Stateless Addr. Autoconfiguration

s
IPv6 Impacts on
UMTS
End-to-End Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
CT IC2 – Vivek Kulkarni
[email protected]
CT IC2 – Jochen Grimminger
[email protected]
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Date: 30.07.2002
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Contents:
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
•
IPv6 features
•
UMTS Architecture
•
UMTS End-to-End Services
•
Impacts of IPv6
•
Summary
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Motivation for a new IP: Why a new IP?
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
One Compelling reason: Larger address space requirement !!
•
For billions of new devices,
e.g., 3G and beyond cell phones, PDAs, appliances, cars,
etc.
•
For billions of new users,
e.g., in Asia (India, China, … etc.)
•
For “always on“ access technologies,
e.g., xDSL, cable, Ethernet-to-the-home, etc.
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Other reasons are covered in Features of IPv6........
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 Features
IPv6 Features
Base Functionality
• Larger Address Space
• Header Format Simplification
• Improved Support for Extensions and Options
Addressing and Routing
• Expanded and Efficient Addressing Capabilities
• Efficient Routing Protocols
• ICMPv6
Plug and Play
• Neighbor Discovery
• Address Autoconfiguration
Support for QoS
• Flow Labeling Capability
Security
• Built-in Security through IPsec
Mobility support
• Mobile IPv6
Others
• Path MTU Discovery
• DNS for IPv6
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Contents:
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
•
IPv6 features
•
UMTS Architecture
•
UMTS End-to-End Services
•
Impacts of IPv6
•
Summary
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
UMTS Architecture
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 in 3GPP
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
Gp
Iub
RBS
UE
UTRAN
RNC
TECHNOLOGY
CORPORATE
Host
GGSN
Gn
IP
Network
UMTS/GPRS
Backbone
(IPv4)
SGSN
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
External
PLMN
Appl
Appl
TCP/UDP
TCP/UDP
IP
IP
Relay
GTP-U
GTP-U
Relay
PDCP
GTP-U
PDCP
RLC
UDP
UDP
UDP
UDP
MAC
MAC
IP
IP
IP
IP
L1
L1
L2/L1
L2/L1
L2/L1
L2/L1
Uu
UTRAN
Iu-PS
SGSN
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
GTP-U
RLC
UE
IP
Gn/Gp
GGSN
Gi
Host
User level IP
Transport level IP
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 in 3GPP
IPv6 Features
Requirement for 3GPP network:
UMTS
Architecture
• Both IPv4 / IPv6 are options for IP Connectivity
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
• The IM CN subsystem shall exclusively support IPv6
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Requirement for UE:
• The UE shall exclusively support IPv6 for the connection
to services provided by the IM CN subsystem.
• The UE can access IPv4 and IPv6 based services.
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Reference: 3GPP TS 23.221, Architectural requirements (Release 5)
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Normal IPv6 Address Autoconfiguration:
Host
Access Router
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
MAC Address : 00-60-97-aa-55-af
Power On
Forms Interface Identifier as
02-60-97-ff-fe-aa-55-af
Local Link
Forms Link-local address as
fe80::260:97ff:feaa:55af
Neighbor Solicitation For Duplicate
Address Detection of Link-local address
Router Solicitation
Router Advertisement
(Prefix Information, Source Link layer addr.)
Forms Global address as
Prefix::260:97ff:feaa:55af
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Neighbor Solicitation For Duplicate
Address Detection of Global address
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 Autoconfiguration in 3GPP:
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration In 3GPP UMTS
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
UE
BSS/UTRAN
SGSN
GGSN
“PDP Context Activate Request“
“PDP Context Activate Accept“. Also sends “ Link Local Address“
PDP context
is activated
Router Solicitation
Gets/Builds full
IPv6 Address
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Router Advertisement
(Either full IPv6 address or Unique Prefix)
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Stateful Address Autoconfiguration (DHCPv6) In 3GPP UMTS
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Contents:
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
•
IPv6 features
•
UMTS Architecture
•
UMTS End-to-End Services
•
Impacts of IPv6
•
Summary
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
UMTS Services
Voice
Non-Voice
(Information and Content)
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
Content Connectivity
(Internet)
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
Personal
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
CORPORATE
Mobility
People
Connectivity
Location
Summary
Direct link
to a person
Rich Voice
(including
Video
Phones)
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Mobile
Internet
Access
Mobile
Intranet/
Extranet
Access
Customised
Infotainment
Always-on,
IP based
MMS
Knowledge
of location
Location
Based
Services
Source: UMTS Forum
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
VoIP Scenario .....
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
192.168.52.x
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
VOIP Application
NAT-Router
202.123.41.10
192.168.52.3
VOIP Application
IPv6 solves the problem of NAT by providing each device a
unique IP-address. i.e. Global reachability
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Contents:
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
•
IPv6 features
•
UMTS Architecture
•
UMTS End-to-End Services
•
Impacts of IPv6
•
Summary
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Impacts due to End-to-End IPv6
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
• Impairments to air bandwidth efficiency due to
o Packet Overhead
o Addressing : Unicast, Multicast & Anycast
o Neighbor Discovery and Autoconfiguration
o Mobile IPv6
o Path MTU Discovery
• Interoperability between IPv4 and IPv6 networks
• IPv6 Impacts on 3GPP Terminals
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Impairments to air-bandwidth
o Packet Ovehead
IPv6 Features
 IPv6 Packet headers are much larger than that of IPv4
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Removed
Added
IP version
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
IPv4
IPv6
Address Length
32-bit
128-bit
Address Space
4.3 x 109
3.4 x 1038
Header Length
20 byte
40 byte
14
8
Number of Fields
Global Reachability
Increased Routing
Efficiency
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
o Addressing
 In IPv6, there are more routable addresses than IPv4
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Unicast:
An address for a single interface.
Multicast:
An address for a set of interfaces (in a given scope) that typically belong to
different nodes. IPv6 multicast addresses are used instead of broadcast
addresses in IPv4.
Anycast:
An address for a nearest interface from the set of interfaces that typically
belong to different nodes.
What we will achieve with Expanded and Efficient Addressing Capabilities?
• Use of Anycast address include services where redundancy is
desirable, for e.g. - routers, name servers, software mirroring.
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
• Simplified routing tables with prefix aggregation and improved table
lookup.
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 Addresses:
 In IPv6, there are more routable addresses than IPv4
Impact of UE Addresses on Air-Interface
IPv6 Features
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
UMTS
Architecture
Following are the addresses that Mobile Terminal MUST have in order to communicate in various
scenarios.
• Unspecified Address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0) used during autoconfiguration
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
• Loopback Address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1)
Impacts of IPv6
• Link-Local address for each interface
Summary
Impact on Air-interface : yes
Impact on Air-interface : no (Its internal to the node, so it will not affect air-interface)
Impact on Air-interface : yes (as it is link-specific) but it will not be routed through GGSN.
• Assigned Unicast Addresses
(Multiple IP addresses/bearer or One IP address for multiple bearers separated by flow templates)
Impact on Air-interface : yes
• All-Nodes Multicast Addresses
Impact on Air-interface : yes
• Solicited-Node Multicast Address for each of its assigned unicast and anycast addresses
Impact on Air-interface : yes
• Multicast Addresses of all other groups to which the host belongs
Impact on Air-interface : yes
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
• IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses (Used to communicate with IPv4-only nodes, NGTrans)
Impact on Air-interface : yes
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
o Neighbor Discovery and Autoconfiguration
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
 Air-link bandwidth gets hampered because of frequent
Neighbor Discovery/Autoconfiguration messages.
Neighbor Discovery: Basic Use
• to determine the link-layer addresses for neighbors
• to find access routers
• to keep track of reachable neighbors
Address Autoconfiguration: Basic Use
• to configure the Care of Address
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
o Mobile IPv6
 Getting new Care off Address and sending Binding Updates
will hamper air-link efficiency.
IPv6 Features
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
UMTS
Architecture
General Idea:
1.
MN gets new Care of Address (COA) in a foreign network
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
2.
MN registers the new COA with its Home Agent (HA)
3.
CN sends to HA and HA tunnels towards MN
Impacts of IPv6
4.
MN sends Binding Update (BU) to CN and CN sends directly
Summary
Home Network
Internet
Home Address
HA
MN
Foreign Network
CN
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Home Address
Care of Address
MN
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
o Path MTU Discovery
 Path MTU Discovery will contribute to the air-link bandwidth.
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Path MTU Process:
1. Send a message to the destination with MTU of link.
2. If receive a ICMP “Packet Too Big” error message, then resend the
message with the new MTU.
3. Do 1 and 2 until response from destination.
4. Last MTU is the Path MTU
IPv6 domain
MTU=1500 Bytes
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
IPv6 domain
MTU=1500 Bytes
Path MTU Discovery
Path MTU Discovery
Packet Too Big Msg.
Packet Too Big Msg.
IPv6 domain
MTU=1280 Bytes
MTU= 1280 Bytes
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 in 3GPP:
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
IPv6 Features
Cause of Impairment
Packet Header
due to IPv6 packet
Header Compression using IETF
header (min. 40 bytes
ROHC algorithms. But single packet
basic header)
messages like ICMP messages can
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Possible impairments to Air-Interface efficiency due to IPv6
Solution to the Impairment
not be compressed.
Addressing
Summary
Address
there are more IPv6
This drawback will remain as it is a
routable addresses
part of IPv6 functionality. But its
than IPv4.
not a major one.
frequent Router
Either keep the router
Autoconfiguration Advertisements
advertisement interval much larger
Or send Router advertisements
through radio broadcast channels.
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
IPv6 in 3GPP:
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
IPv6 Features
Cause of Impairment
Mobile IPv6
Getting new COAs,
Some Regionalized registration /
Sending Binding
Hierarchical MIP solutions will help
Updates to HA & CN
to reduce signaling outside the local
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Possible impairments to Air-Interface efficiency due to IPv6
Solution to the Impairment
administrative domain.
Path MTU
Repetitive Path MTU
Either to use suitable Minimum MTU
Discovery
messages flowing
or use fragment header
over air-interface
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Interoperability between IPv4 and IPv6 networks
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
Transition
Mechanism
Purpose
Scope
Requirements
Dual Stack
To access both IPv4 and
IPv6 services without
additional translators /
tunnels
IPv4  IPv4
IPv6  IPv6
UE +
UTRAN +
SGSN +
GGSN
Dual Stack
Infrastructure
Tunneling
To connect disjoint
IPv6/IPv4 islands,
separated by IPv4/IPv6
network
IPv4  IPv4
IPv6  IPv6
Border
Routers of
UMTS
Network
Dual Stack Border
Routers
Translation
To connect IPv6-only host
to IPv4-only host and vice
versa
IPv6  IPv4
Border
Routers of
UMTS
Network
IPv6  IPv4 packet
translator
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Dual IPv4/IPv6 Stack
Each mobile terminal has to have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses !!!
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
IPv6
Device
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
IPv6 Network
IPv6
UE
RNC
IPv4
SGSN
GGSN
IPv4 Network
IPv4
IPv4
Device
IPv6
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Reference: 3GPP TS 23.221 V5.5.0 (2002-06)
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Tunneling
Communication possible between devices having same IP version !!!
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
UE
RNC
IPv6
SGSN
GGSN
TrGW
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
IPv4 Network
IPv4
IPv6
TrGW
IPv6
Device
IPv6 Network
e.g. 6to4,...etc
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Reference: 3GPP TS 23.221 V5.5.0 (2002-06)
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Tunneling : Automatic Tunneling
IPv6  IPv4 communication problem is not solved !!!
 Uses IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses, for e.g. ::IPv4-address
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
 The border router extracts the IPv4 addresses embedded in IPv6 packet
and tunnels it in IPv4 packet
 The receiving system recovers the original IPv6 message
IPv6 domain
IPv4 domain
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
CORPORATE
IPv6 domain
B
A
Summary
(::w.x.y.z)
(::a.b.c.d)
SRC
::a.b.c.d
DST
::w.x.y.z
Payload
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
IPv6
header
SRC
a.b.c.d
DST
w.x.y.z
SRC: ::a.b.c.d
DST: ::w.x.y.z
IPv4
header
IPv6
header
SRC
::a.b.c.d
DST
::w.x.y.z
Payload
Payload
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Tunneling : Configured Tunneling (6Bone Experimental Test-bed)
IPv6  IPv4 communication problem is not solved !!! Also requires manual
configuration for tunneling.
IPv6 Features
 Requires explicit configuration at every point to the IPv4 network
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
IPv6 domain
A
SRC: IPv6
DST: IPv6
Payload
IPv6 domain
IPv4 domain
Tunneling
Router
R2
Tunneling
Router
R1
IPv6
header
SRC IPv4 addr of R1
DST IPv4 addr of R2
SRC: IPv6
DST: IPv6
B
IPv4
header
SRC: IPv6
IPv6
header
Payload
DST: IPv6
Payload
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Translation Mechanisms :
Computation load on the translation mechanism !!!
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
UE
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
TrGW
IPv4 Network
IPv6
IPv4
Device
Impacts of IPv6
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
IPv4
Summary
IPv6
 Used when communicating nodes do not share the same IP version.
 No modifications to the hosts.
 IPv6 packet  IPv4 packet translation.
e.g. NAT-PT, SIIT, TRT, Socks64,...etc.
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
Reference: 3GPP TS 23.221 V5.5.0 (2002-06)
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Translation Mechanisms : IP Header Translation
IPsec (AH, ESP-tunnel mode) will get broken due to IP header translation!!!
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
20 byte Header
Variable length
14 different fields
4 byte (32 bit) addresses
Checksum Field
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
40 byte Header
Fixed Length of 40 bytes
8 different fields
16 byte (128 bit) addresses
No Checksum field
Extension headers
Flow label
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Mapping of NAT-PT [RFC2766] on UMTS scenario
Stateful mechanism...!!!
DNSv6/v4
IPv4
Domain
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
IPv4 Domain
A
NAT-PT
IPv6 3G Network
GGSN
(IPv6-only)
Operators
Network
Prefix::Interface Id
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
DNS Query: B?
Gets B‘s address as
NAT-PT-Prefix::131.1.2.1
Src Prefix::Interface Id
Dst NAT-PT-Prefix::131.1.2.1
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
DNSv4
Src NAT-PT-Prefix::131.1.2.1
Dst Prefix::Interface Id
IPv4
Domain
Pool of IPv4 (120.130.26/24)
Addresses
Assigns free IPv4 address from
the pool to IPv6-only host
B
(IPv4-only)
No entry in DNSv6/v4 cache.
Translates DNSv6 to DNSv4 Query
131.1.2.1
DNSv4 Response
B: IPv4 addr.
Translates DNS Response
and adds NAT-PT-Prefix
Assumption:
to IPv4 addr.
Routing inside
the operators network know
how to route the packets towards
Translator by static routes
NAT-PT assigns free
120.130.26.10 address, translates
the packet and maintains the state
Src 120.130.26.10
Dst 131.1.2.1
Src 131.1.2.1
Dst 120.130.26.10
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Mapping of TRT
[RFC3142]
on UMTS scenario
Stateful mechanism and IPsec breaks completely...!!!
IPv4
Domain
TRT
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
IPv4 Domain
A
IPv6 3G Network
GGSN
(IPv6-only)
Operators
Network
Prefix::Interface Id
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
IPv4
Domain
B
DNSv6/v4
(IPv4-only)
DNS Query: B?
DNSv6 adds TRT-Prefix to B‘s address as
TRT-Prefix::131.1.2.1
Src Prefix::Interface Id
Dst TRT-Prefix::131.1.2.1
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
DNSv4
Src TRT-Prefix::131.1.2.1
Dst Prefix::Interface Id
No entry in DNSv6/v4 cache.
Translates DNSv6 to DNSv4 Query
131.1.2.1
DNSv4 Response
B: IPv4 addr.
Relays DNS Response
after appending
TRT-prefix
Assumption: Routing inside
the operators network know
how to route the packets towards
Translator by static routes
Src TRT‘s IPv4 address
Dst 131.1.2.1
Src 131.1.2.1
Dst TRT‘s IPv4 address
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IPv6 Impacts on 3GPP Terminals
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
Three functionality groups: [draft-ietf-ipv6-cellular-host-03.txt]

Path MTU Discovery [RFC 1981],
TECHNOLOGY
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
Basic IPv6 Functionality: Basic parts of IPv6
Addressing Architecture [RFC 2373],
IPv6 Specification [RFC 2460],
Impacts of IPv6
Neighbor Unreachability Detection [RFC 2461],
Summary
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration [RFC 2462],
ICMP for IPv6 [RFC 2463],
IPv6 over PPP [RFC 2472],...etc

IP Security: IP Security (IPsec) details for cellular hosts
Many RFCs...

IP Mobility: IP Mobility details for cellular hosts
Mobile IPv6 is not yet a RFC....
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
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Open Issues for IPv6 in 3GPP
Recommendations for IPv6 in 3GPP Standards (April 2002)
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
[draft-ietf-ipv6-3gpp-recommend-02.txt]
1.

UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Multiple prefixes may be assigned to each primary PDP context
2.
Summary
A given prefix must not be assigned to more than one primary PDP
context

3.
GGSN view each primary PDP context as a single IPv6 subnet
Allow 3GPP nodes to use multiple identifiers within those prefixes,
including randomly generated identifiers.

Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
SGSN will be informed of each prefix that is currently assigned
to a PDP context
UE can generate and use privacy addresses
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Open Issues for IPv6 in general
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
IPv6 Transition Solutions for 3GPP Networks
draft-wiljakka-3gpp-ipv6-transition-00.txt
Latest update from 54th IETF, Yokohama
•
Nokia is favouring NAT64/46 as it has less security problems
•
IMS is the most challenging as I-CSCF and S-CSCF will need
transition solutions to connect to external IPv4-only networks.
•
Dual Stack is recommended for the UEs.
•
IPv6/v4 interworking should be done in the network and
not in the UE.
•
Don‘t recommend tunneling over air like (DSTM or 6over4)
but if needed ROHC will help
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
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Open Issues for IPv6 in general
ISP‘s view: Latest update from 54th IETF, Yokohama
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
•
MIPv6 not yet standardized.
•
Transition mechanisms have to be simple ones
6over4 tunneling, NAT-PT/TRT is the best and perhaps enough.
Impacts of IPv6
•
Multicast DNS (LLMNR) necessary for IPv6 deployment
Summary
•
Key Applications for ISPs are not yet IPv6 ready....
• BIND (DNS)
– v8 : No IPv6 support
- v9 : not ready for heavy duty production use.
• Qmail (Mail Transfer Agent) – with unofficial patches for IPv6.
• Squid (Web Proxy Server) – IPv6 is only experimental basis.
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
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CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Contents:
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
•
IPv6 features
•
UMTS Architecture
•
UMTS End-to-End Services
•
Impacts of IPv6
•
Summary
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
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Summary
IPv6 benefits to Mobile Network Operators:
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
•
Auto configuration
•
Embedded encryption support and authentication
•
Embedded mobility
•
Internet provider selection
•
Efficient packet processing in routers
Summary
IPv6 benefits to Mobile End Users:
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
•
Easy management & auto configuration
•
Efficient address allocation
•
Renumbering possible
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
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Summary:
IPv6 Features
TECHNOLOGY
Status : Solved?
Packet Overhead
P
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
Addressing
O
Impacts of IPv6
Address Resolution and Autoconfiguration
P
Mobile IPv6
P
Path MTU Discovery
P
UMTS
Architecture
CORPORATE
Impairments due to IPv6
Summary
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
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Summary:
IPv6 in 3GPP:
IPv6 Features
UMTS
Architecture
UMTS
End-to-End
Services
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Impacts of IPv6
Summary
•
•
•
IPv6 is mandatory in UTRAN.
Backbone UMTS network will be IPv4 initially, but ultimately IPv6
shall be used.
3GPP R5 IMS uses IPv6 exclusively.
IPv6 in IETF:
•
•
•
IPv6 Core Specifications achieved Draft Standard status.
IPv6 Specs at Proposed Standard level are stable for more than
2 years now.
Large-scale deployment is underway….
Open Issues:
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
•
•
•
MIPv6 not yet RFC
DNS for IPv6
Killer applications are yet to be developed for IPv6....
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Thank you !!!
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
s
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Backup
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Backup
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
© Siemens AG,CT IC 2, V. Kulkarni, J. Grimminger
s
Address Autoconfiguration:
48bit MAC Address to EUI-64 Interface Identifier
Motivation
IPv6 Features
(one of the method to form Interface Identifier!!!)
00 : 60 : 97 : aa : 55 : af
MAC Address (48-bit)
Transition
00 60 97 aa 55 af
IPv6 in 3GPP
Status in IETF
00 60 97
CORPORATE
TECHNOLOGY
Implementations
& Applications
aa 55 af
ff fe
Summary &
Conclusion
0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0
“Universal/Local“ (U/L) bit
1 = globally unique
Interface Identifier (64-bit)
Information &
Communications
Networks &
Multimedia
Communication
02 : 60 : 97 : ff : fe : aa : 55 : af
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