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CUL 3310 Introduction to Cultural Competence: Making Sense of the World I DR. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR MONDAY AND WEDNESDAY 3:00-4:15 P.M. HARDEMAN BUILDING, ROOM 206 Cultural Factors Religion Ethnicity and Nationalism Modernization Geography Methodological approach Issues for Consideration What are the major world religions? How does religion play a part in cultural competence? How does religion inform a person’s sense of the world? History of Religion Video The world religions in ninety seconds http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-religion.html Cultural Factor: Religion As Americans have sometimes learned the hard way, religion plays a major role in many cultures beyond our borders. Thus, a knowledge of the key religions in the world and the role they play in culture and society is vital. What is religion? “Religion is any specific system of belief about deity, often involving rituals, a code of ethics, and a philosophy of life.” (Ontario consultants on religious tolerance, 2010) “The belief that there is an unseen order, and that our supreme good lies in harmoniously adjusting ourselves thereto.” (William James) Components of Religion Faith Belief in a deity or deities External/Internal duality Rituals Sacred texts Prayer Sacraments Symbols Organize thoughts and behaviors Specific morals Provides order to existence What is the meaning of life? How should I then act? What happens in the afterlife? Religions around the world Religion Distribution Similarities and Differences Monotheistic Religions Judaism Christianity Islam Major World Religions: Christianity Meaning “follower of Christ” Jesus Christ (circa 0 to 30 CE) World’s largest religion Approximately 2 billion followers Approximately 32% of world population 17% Catholic, 6% Protestant, 4% Orthodox, 2% Anglican Perhaps as many as 34,000 separate groups Over 1,000 in North America alone Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Anglican are some examples Major World Religions: Christianity Sacred text is the Bible Dominant in the United States and Canada (about 75%) Relative stable number of followers Major World Religions: Islam Meaning “submission to the will of God” Followers called Muslims Muhammad (570 to 632 CE) Islam existed before Muhammad, creation of the world Sacred text is the Qur’an Gabriel dictated to Muhammad World’s second largest religion Approximately 1.5 billion followers Approximately 23% of world population Experiencing a period of significant growth Shi’ite, Sunni, Sufi are some examples Major World Religions: Islam Five Pillars of Islam Shahadah Salat Donate to charity, approximately 2.5% Ramadan Pray five times a day Zakat “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet” Fast during this month from dawn to sunset Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca (typically several million) Clyde Mark, “Islam: A Primer” What are some of the major themes of this article? What did you think about his description of jihad? What did you learn about Islam from this article? Clyde Mark, “Islam: A Primer” Islam concentrated in North Africa, Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia Muhammad as “seal of the prophets” The last and final word of God Caliph is successor to Muhammad Shia/Sunni division based on succession 85% Sunni (traditional) 15% Shia (hierarchical, mysticism) Guidance Quran as a sacred text Muhammad’s life as an example Hadith as collection of Muhammad’s sayings and deeds Clyde Mark, “Islam: A Primer” Jihad Means “struggle” Traditional interpretation is individual, internal struggle Military interpretation is violent spread of Islam Historical context: Seventh through tenth century expansion Media portray it as warfare against Christians and Jews Osama bin Laden Extremist terrorists Dynamic use of culture, redefining jihad Women Hijab covers head and body in public Burqa is most traditional version Historical Spread of Islam Major World Religions: Hinduism World’s third largest religion Approximately 950 million followers Approximately 14% of the world’s population Generally regarded as the world’s oldest religion Indus valley civilization (4000 to 2200 BCE) Wide variety of Hindu traditions Leads to general tolerance Major World Religions: Hinduism Polytheistic (multiple deities)/ Henotheistic (one primary deity over other deities) No single founder No single deity No concept of a prophet Dominant in India, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka. Approximately 1.5 million Hindus in the U.S. Sacred texts Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda Vedas contain hymns, incantations, and rituals from Indian history Major World Religions: Buddism Approximately 376 million followers worldwide Approximately 6% of world population Fourth largest religion Founded in Northern India Siddhartha Gauthama (circa 563 to 460 BCE) Buddha is a human who has achieved enlightenment Enlightenment is an internal dynamic Spreading into the far east and North America Major World Religions: Buddism Documented in the Tipitaka Four noble truths There is suffering There is cause for suffering There is cessation of suffering There is a path leading to the cessation of suffering Attainment of enlightenment Major World Religions: Judaism Approximately 18 million followers worldwide Approximately .2% of the world’s population Abraham is the Patriarch Abrahamic covenant (2000 BCE) State of Israel formed May 18, 1948 Jewish population concentrated in North America (7 million) and Israel (4.5 million) Major World Religions: Judaism Sacred texts Jewish scriptures (Old Testament for Christians) Torah Nevi’im Ketuvim Talmud: stories, laws, morality Oral Tradition Mishnah Gemara Issues for Consideration Identify which one of the cultural factors that you feel is the most important in dealing with those from other regions?
