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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
Chapter 03
Bacterial Cell Structure
Fill in the Blank Questions
1. The genus of bacteria that undergoes cell division in random planes, forming grape like
clusters of round bacteria, are the __________.
staphylococci
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Discuss the factors that determine the size and shape of a
bacterial cell
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
2. Bacteria that do not have a fixed shape are said to be __________.
pleomorphic
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-1
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
3. A branched network of hyphae formed by the Actinomycetes is called a __________.
mycelium
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Discuss the factors that determine the size and shape of a
bacterial cell
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
4. Actinomycetes form long filaments called ___________.
hyphae
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-2
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
True / False Questions
5. Sterol-like molecules called hopanoids are thought to be important for the structural
integrity of many bacteria because of their suspected role in membrane stabilization.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of
bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
6. The cell membrane is a rigid structure that provides bacteria with their characteristic
shapes.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-3
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
7. Gram-positive bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan than gram-negative bacteria.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
8. Gram-positive bacteria have a structurally and chemically more complex cell wall than
gram-negative bacteria.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-4
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
9. Bacteria growing at lower temperatures have more saturated fatty acids in their
membranes.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Fill in the Blank Questions
10. When the cell wall is removed from a Gram-negative bacterium without removing the
outer membrane, the resulting form is called a(n) __________.
spheroplast
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-5
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
11. Enzymes that are secreted out of the cell to aid in the acquisition and digestion of
environmental nutrients are called __________.
exoenzymes
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
12. Molecules or regions of molecules that readily interact with water are said to be
__________, whereas molecules or regions of molecules that are insoluble in water or do not
readily interact with water are said to be hydrophobic.
hydrophilic
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-6
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
13. A __________ layer consists of diffuse unorganized polysaccharide material that lies
outside the cell wall and is easily removed.
slime
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of
bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each
Section: 03.05
Topic: Prokaryotes
14. A __________ is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell wall and is not easily
removed.
capsule
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of
bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each
Section: 03.05
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-7
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
15. (p. 52) _______ bind ferric iron and transport it into a bacterial cell.
siderophores
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Discuss the difficulty of iron uptake and describe how bacteria
overcome this difficulty
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
16. (p. 49) Nutrients that are used by bacteria in relatively large amounts are _____.
macronutrients
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-8
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
True / False Questions
17. (p. 42) Prokaryotes were once described based on structures that were present in
eukaryotes, but absent in prokaryotes.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 01.01 Cells, organelles (e.g. mitochondria and chloroplasts) and all major
metabolic pathways evolved from early prokaryotic cells.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.01 List the characteristics originally used to describe prokaryotic
cells
Section: 03.01
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Multiple Choice Questions
18. (p. 52) You discover a new transport system used by a newly discovered bacterial species.
The sugars that are transported using this system are phosphorylated as they enter the
bacterial cell. You would describe this transport system as a(n) _____.
A. facillitated diffusion
B. micronutrient regulator
C. passive diffusion
D. group translocation
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
3-9
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
True / False Questions
19. Growth factors cannot by synthesized by the bacteria that use them and include amino
acids, pyrimidines, and vitamins.
TRUE
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some
microorganisms
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Fill in the Blank Questions
20. (p. 77) Endospores are resistant to most environmental stressors because they have _____
complexed with calcium ions which stabilize DNA.
Dipicolinic acid
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.09.04 Describe those properties of endospores that are thought to
contribute to its resistance to environmental stresses
Section: 03.09
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-10
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
Multiple Choice Questions
21. (p. 77) Which of the following structures is NOT found in an endospore?
A. capsule
B. coat
C. core
D. exosporium
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.09.01 Describe the structure of a bacterial endospore
Section: 03.09
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
True / False Questions
22. If you remove the peptidoglycan layer from a Gram positive cell, it would still stain
purple with a Gram stain.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.04.03 Relate bacterial cell wall structure to the Gram-staining
reaction
Section: 03.04
3-11
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
Fill in the Blank Questions
23. The most widely accepted current model for membrane structures is called the
__________ model.
fluid mosaic
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Prokaryotes
True / False Questions
24. The layers of peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall can be cross-linked by peptide
intrabridges or by direct cross-linking.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe peptidoglycan structure
Section: 03.04
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-12
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
25. Some photosynthetic bacteria produce gas vacuoles that regulate their buoyancy but
contain no lipid.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Fill in the Blank Questions
26. Intracellular granules of organic or inorganic material that are stockpiled by bacteria for
future use are called __________.
inclusions
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-13
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
27. Bacteria have a region of the cytoplasm known as the __________, which is not bounded
by a membrane but contains the chromosome.
nucleoid
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
28. Small circular DNA molecules capable of replicating and containing genes that are useful
but not necessary to the bacterium are called __________.
plasmids
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-14
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
29. Some species of aquatic bacteria use inclusion bodies known as ________ to orient
themselves in Earth's magnetic field.
magnetosomes
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
30. _______ are the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
Ribosomes
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of
replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-15
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
True / False Questions
31. Sedimentation coefficients are proportional to the molecular weight of a particle and are
not affected by the volume and shape of the particle.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Fill in the Blank Questions
32. Bacterial flagella are composed of three parts: the ______ body, which is embedded in
the cell, the hook, and the _______, which is the longest part of the flagellum.
basal, filament
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.07.01 Distinguish pili (fimbriae) and flagella
Section: 03.07
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-16
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
33. Proteinacious projections from the surface of a bacterium that are used to mediate
conjugation are called sex __________, whereas projections that mediate attachment to
surfaces such as host cells are called __________.
pili, fimbriae
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.07.01 Distinguish pili (fimbriae) and flagella
Section: 03.07
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
True / False Questions
34. During the assembly of the flagellar filament, the flagellin protein monomers assemble at
the cell proximal base of the flagellum.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.07.01 Distinguish pili (fimbriae) and flagella
Section: 03.07
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-17
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
Fill in the Blank Questions
35. Matching: Match the definition with the word.
1) monotrichous
2) peritrichous
3) lophotrichous
4) amphitrichous
a. a single flagellum
b. a single flagellum at each pole of an organism
c. a cluster of flagella at one or both ends of an organism
d. a relatively even distribution of flagella over the entire surface of the bacterium
1-a, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.07.02 Illustrate the various patterns of flagella distribution
Section: 03.07
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-18
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
True / False Questions
36. The rotation of bacterial flagella is powered by ATP hydrolysis.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.08.01 Compare and contrast flagellar swimming motility, spirochete
flagellar motility, and twitching and gliding motility
Section: 03.08
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Fill in the Blank Questions
37. The bacterium E. coli swims in a straight line, called a __________, for a few seconds;
then it stops, tumbles, then swims away in a new direction.
run
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.08.01 Compare and contrast flagellar swimming motility, spirochete
flagellar motility, and twitching and gliding motility
Learning Outcome: 03.08.03 Explain why bacterial chemotaxis is referred to as a “biased
random walk”
Section: 03.08
3-19
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
38. In many spirochetes, multiple flagella combine to form a bundle known as a(n)
____________ fibril, which winds around the cell and confers motility on the cell.
axial
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.08.01 Compare and contrast flagellar swimming motility, spirochete
flagellar motility, and twitching and gliding motility
Section: 03.08
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
39. __________ is the process through which endospores are formed within a vegetative cell.
Sporulation
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.09.03 Describe in general terms the process of sporulation
Section: 03.09
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-20
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
40. __________ is the main part of the process through which a vegetative cell is formed
from an endospore.
Germination
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.09.05 Describe the three stages that transform an endospore into an
active vegetative cell
Section: 03.09
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Multiple Choice Questions
41. The concept of a prokaryote was first fully outlined in 1962 by
A. Watson and Crick.
B. Stanier and Van Niel.
C. Hersey and Chase.
D. Gilbert and Cech.
ASM Objective: 01.04 The traditional concept of species is not readily applicable to
microbes, due to asexual reproduction and the frequent occurrence of horizontal gene
transfer.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.01.02 Form an opinion on the “prokaryote” controversy using current
evidence about bacterial cells
Section: 03.01
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-21
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
42. The term used to describe bacteria that are intermediate in shape between spherical and
rod-shaped is
A. cocci.
B. bacilli.
C. vibrio.
D. coccobacilli.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
43. Bacterial cells that are variable in shape are called
A. vibrio.
B. pleomorphic.
C. coccobacilli.
D. hyphal.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Learning Outcome: 03.02.02 Discuss the factors that determine the size and shape of a
bacterial cell
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-22
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
44. Square planar arrangement of cells that forms when round bacteria remain attached to
each other during reproduction are called
A. streptococci.
B. staphylococci.
C. tetrads.
D. sarcinae.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
45. Flexible bacteria with a helical shape are called
A. vibrios.
B. spirilla.
C. spirochetes.
D. coccobacilli.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-23
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
46. Rigid bacteria with a helical cell shape are called
A. vibrios.
B. spirilla.
C. spirochetes.
D. coccobacilli.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
47. The term used to describe bacteria that are shaped like curved rods is
A. coccus.
B. bacillus.
C. vibrio.
D. coccobacillus.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-24
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
48. The term used to describe bacteria that are rod shaped is
A. coccus.
B. bacillus.
C. vibrio.
D. coccobacillus.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
49. The term used to describe bacteria that have a spherical shape is
A. coccus.
B. bacillus.
C. vibrio.
D. coccobacillus.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.02.01 Distinguish a typical bacterial cell from a typical plant or
animal cell in terms of cell shapes and arrangements, size, and cell structures
Section: 03.02
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-25
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
50. The cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria
A. retains the cytoplasm and its contents.
B. acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing some molecules to pass while preventing
the movement of others.
C. is the major site of ATP synthesis in aerobes.
D. all of the choices.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 03.03
51. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is found in the outer membrane of gram-negative
bacteria is also known as
A. exotoxin.
B. teichoic acid.
C. murein.
D. endotoxin.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of
bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each
Section: 03.05
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-26
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
52. Which of the following is/are true of capsules?
A. They help bacteria escape phagocytosis by host cells.
B. They retain water and help prevent desiccation of the bacteria.
C. They prevent entry of many bacterial viruses.
D. all of the choices.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.05.01 Compile a list of the structures found in all the layers of
bacterial cell envelopes, noting the functions and the major component molecules of each
Section: 03.05
53. Proteins that are loosely associated with the cytoplasmic membrane are called
__________ proteins.
A. peripheral
B. integral
C. external
D. internal
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-27
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
54. Proteins that are embedded within the cytoplasmic membrane and not easily extracted are
called __________ proteins.
A. peripheral
B. integral
C. external
D. internal
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
55. Shrinkage of the plasma membrane away from the cell wall when the bacterium is placed
in a hypertonic environment is called
A. osmolysis.
B. plasmolysis.
C. hydrolysis.
D. hypertonolysis.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-28
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
56. Lipids with polar and nonpolar ends are said to be
A. amphipathic.
B. amphibolic.
C. bilateral.
D. none of the choices.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
57. Although penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, bacterial cells will continue to grow
normally in the presence of penicillin in a(n) __________ environment.
A. hypotonic
B. isotonic
C. hypertonic
D. nonpolar
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe peptidoglycan structure
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-29
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
58. All of the following statements about the periplasmic space are true except:
A. It is found only in gram-positive bacteria.
B. It is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-negative
bacteria.
C. It contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins involved in nutrient acquisition.
D. All of the above are true.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.02 Compare and contrast the cell walls of typical Gram-positive
and Gram-negative bacteria
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
59. Which of the following protects bacteria from lysis in dilute solutions and helps to
determine their cellular morphology or shape?
A. plasma membrane
B. peptidoglycan
C. capsule
D. gas vacuoles
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe peptidoglycan structure
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-30
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
60. Sortase is a protein enzyme of bacteria that
A. plays a key role in directing proteins to the periplasm.
B. catalyzes covalent attachment of some surface proteins to peptidoglycan.
C. directs secretion of proteins across the outer membrane.
D. functions by transporting flagellum proteins to their extracellular site of assembly.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.04.01 Describe peptidoglycan structure
Section: 03.04
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
61. Which of the following is not true of bacterial plasmids?
A. They can replicate independently of the chromosome.
B. They may carry genes for drug resistance.
C. They are required for host growth and/or reproduction.
D. They may carry genes that enhance survival of the bacterium under certain conditions.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-31
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
62. Bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their
sedimentation coefficient.
A. 50S
B. 30S
C. 80S
D. 70S
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.06.01 Create a table or concept map that identifies the components of
the bacterial cytoplasm and describes their structure, molecular make-up, and functions
Section: 03.06
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
63. The type III bacterial protein secretion machinery:
A. has a needlelike structure through which proteins are secreted.
B. includes structural features that may be evolutionarily related to the basal bodies of
bacterial flagella.
C. is found in gram-negative bacteria.
D. all of the choices are correct.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 03.07
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-32
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
64. Export of flagellin subunits is mediated by
A. an apparatus in the basal body of the flagellum that is related to the type II secretion
pathway.
B. the type I secretion pathway.
C. an apparatus in the basal body of the flagellum that is related to the type III secretion
pathway.
D. none of the above.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 03.07
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
65. The power used by most bacterial flagellar motors is produced by
A. synthesis of glucose.
B. ATP hydrolysis.
C. proton motive force (PMF).
D. all of these.
ASM Objective: 02.01 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics,
immunity and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.08.02 State the source of energy that powers flagellar motility
Section: 03.08
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-33
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
66. Chemotaxis is a process by which bacteria
A. move toward an attractant or away from a repellent.
B. avoid phagocytosis.
C. respond metabolically to the presence of autoinducer molecules.
D. move on solid surfaces by means of type IV fimbriae.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.08.03 Explain why bacterial chemotaxis is referred to as a “biased
random walk”
Section: 03.08
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
67. Twitching or gliding motility involves
A. type IV pili.
B. axial fibrils.
C. movement of slime.
D. both type IV pili and movement of slime can be involved in twitching or gliding motility.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.08.01 Compare and contrast flagellar swimming motility, spirochete
flagellar motility, and twitching and gliding motility
Section: 03.08
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-34
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
68. Endospores represent a challenge to the fields of industrial and medical microbiology
because
A. they are resistant to harsh environments, thus allowing survival of endospore-forming
organisms under conditions in which non-endospore-forming cells would not survive.
B. endospore-forming organisms are often dangerous pathogens.
C. endospores are significantly smaller than vegetative cells.
D. endospores are resistant to harsh environments, thus allowing survival of endosporeforming organisms under conditions in which non-endospore-forming cells would not survive,
and endospore-forming organisms are often dangerous pathogens.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella,
endospores, and pili) that often confer critical capabilities.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.09.02 Explain why bacterial endospores are of particular concern to
the food industry and why endospore-forming bacteria are important model organisms
Section: 03.09
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
69. Elements that are required in relatively large amounts by microorganisms are called
A. multivitamins.
B. meganutrients.
C. macronutrients.
D. macromolecules.
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment
depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
3-35
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
70. Which of the following is not considered a macronutrient?
A. carbon (C)
B. calcium (Ca)
C. potassium (K)
D. cobalt (Co)
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment
depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
71. Which of the following is not considered a micronutrient?
A. manganese (Mn)
B. magnesium (Mg)
C. zinc (Zn)
D. copper (Cu)
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment
depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
3-36
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
True / False Questions
72. The trace amounts of micronutrients needed by microorganisms are usually supplied as
inadvertent contaminants in water and regular media components.
TRUE
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
73. Zinc (Zn) is considered a macronutrient.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
74. Copper (Cu) is considered a micronutrient.
TRUE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-37
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
75. Sulfur can be obtained from inorganic sources only.
FALSE
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
76. Phosphorus can be obtained from organic sources only.
FALSE
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
77. Nitrogen can be obtained from either organic or inorganic sources.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic
diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.02 Distinguish macroelements (macronutrients) from
micronutrients (trace elements) and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-38
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
Fill in the Blank Questions
78. __________ __________ are required organic compounds because they are essential cell
components or precursors of such components that cannot be synthesized by the organism. (2
words)
Growth factors
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some
microorganisms
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Multiple Choice Questions
79. Which of the following is not a major class of growth factors?
A. amino acids
B. purines and pyrimidines
C. vitamins
D. nucleic acids
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some
microorganisms
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-39
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
Fill in the Blank Questions
80. Small organic molecules called __________ function as enzyme cofactors.
vitamins
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some
microorganisms
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Multiple Choice Questions
81. A wide variety of microorganisms are commercially used to manufacture _________ for
human consumption.
A. vitamins
B. sugars
C. fatty acids
D. none of the choices
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome: 03.03.03 Provide examples of growth factors needed by some
microorganisms
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-40
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
Fill in the Blank Questions
82. Many bacteria facilitate the uptake of iron by secreting low molecular weight molecules,
called ___________, to form complexes with the iron that can then be readily transported into
the cell.
siderophores
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Discuss the difficulty of iron uptake and describe how bacteria
overcome this difficulty
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
83. Transport of two different substances can be linked. If the transport is in the same
direction it is called __________; if the transport is in opposite directions it is called
__________.
symport, antiport
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Discuss the difficulty of iron uptake and describe how bacteria
overcome this difficulty
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-41
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
84. __________ are carrier proteins embedded in the membrane that increase the rate of
diffusion of specific molecules across selectively permeable membranes.
Permeases
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
True / False Questions
85. Organisms usually have only a single transport system for any nutrient.
FALSE
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-42
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any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
86. Different transport systems for the same nutrient that are part of the same organism are
usually regulated in different ways.
TRUE
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
87. Permease proteins that aid in the transport of nutrients resemble enzymes in their
specificity for the substance to be transported. Each carrier is selective and will transport only
a closely related set of substances.
TRUE
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-43
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
88. The extreme insolubility of ferric iron leaves little free iron available for transport into
bacterial cells.
TRUE
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.05 Discuss the difficulty of iron uptake and describe how bacteria
overcome this difficulty
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
Multiple Choice Questions
89. Which of the following processes can be used to bring nutrients into a cell against a
concentration gradient?
A. Active transport.
B. Facilitated diffusion.
C. Passive diffusion.
D. Active transport and facilitated diffusion.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-44
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
90. Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?
A. Saturable uptake rate.
B. Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy.
C. Can move materials against a concentration gradient.
D. All of the choices.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
91. The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an
area of higher concentration with the expenditure of energy is called
A. facilitated diffusion.
B. osmosis.
C. passive diffusion.
D. active transport.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-45
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Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
92. The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration with the use of a carrier molecule embedded in the membrane
is called
A. facilitated diffusion.
B. osmosis.
C. passive diffusion.
D. active transport.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
93. The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration without the participation of specific carrier molecules is called
A. facilitated diffusion.
B. osmosis.
C. passive diffusion.
D. active transport.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
3-46
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part
Chapter 03 - Bacterial Cell Structure
94. Nutrients can be concentrated from dilute solutions by
A. pinocytosis.
B. endocytosis.
C. active transport and group translocation.
D. electron transport.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 03.03.04 Compare and contrast passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion,
active transport, and group translocation and provide examples of each
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
95. __________ membranes allow some molecules to pass but not others.
A. Permeable
B. Inverted monolayer
C. Selectively permeable
D. Impermeable
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 03.03.01 Describe the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure and
identify the types of lipids typically found in bacterial membranes
Section: 03.03
Topic: Microbial World
Topic: Prokaryotes
3-47
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in
any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part