Download Anatomy and Physiology Part 1-Midterm-12-2011

Anatomy and Physiology Part 1-Midterm-12-2011
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. A group of cells of the same type form a(n)
a. organ
c. tissue
b. organism
d. organ system
2. A group of organs working together for a common purpose form a(n):
a. organism
c. organ system
b. organelle
d. organoid
3. A group of tissues working together for a specific function form a(n):
a. organ
c. organ system
b. organism
d. organoid
4. The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as:
a. equilibrium
c. metabolism
b. homeostasis
d. negative feedback
5. The anatomical term meaning away from the midline is
a. distal
c. medial
b. inferior
d. lateral
6. The anatomical term meaning close to the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk is:
a. distal
c. proximal
b. inferior
d. lateral
7. The anatomical term meaning further from the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk is:
a. distal
c. lateral
b. proximal
d. medial
8. The anatomical term meaning toward the midline of the body:
a. distal
c. superior
b. lateral
d. medial
9. The anatomical term meaning toward the lower part of a structure is:
a. inferior
c. proximal
b. distal
d. lateral
10. The scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure and shape is called:
a. anatomy
c. physiology
b. histology
d. endocrinology
11. The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. body erect
c. arms at sides
b. palms turned posteriorly
d. feet parallel
12. Which of the following best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?
1. Cells
2. Organs
3. Organelles
4. Organism
5. Tissues
6. Organ systems
a. 1,2,3,4,5,6
c. 3,1,5,2,6,4
b. 2,4,3,5,1,6
d. 1,5,3,2,6,4
13. Physiology is:
a. The study of the structure and shape of the c. The study of the body and its interaction
body and its parts.
with the environment.
b. The study of how the body and its parts
function.
d. All of the above are correct answers.
____ 14. There are __________ organ systems that make up the human body.
a. nine
c. eleven
b. ten
d. twelve
____ 15. Metabolism is best described as:
a. the ability to transform substances into
c. how the human body uses the food we eat.
energy for the body
b. the sum of the chemical reactions that
d. how fast the body uses energy.
occur in the body.
____ 16. The dorsal body cavity is divided into two subdivisions. They are:
a. thoracic and abdominal cavities
c. cranial and thoracic cavities
b. cranial and spinal cavities
d. none of the above
____ 17. The imaginary line that runs through the body dividing the body into right and left parts is the:
a. sagittal
c. midsaggital
b. frontal
d. transverse
____ 18.
When standing in the correct anatomical position, your feet are in which of the following relationships to your
knees?
a. lateral
c. distal
b. medial
d. proximal
____ 19. A transverse plane divides the body into _______ segments.
a. equal right and left
c. superior and inferior
b. anterior and posterior
d. both right and left and superior and
inferior segments
____ 20. The cheeks are ____ to the tongue
a. proximal
c. medial
b. lateral
d. dorsal
____ 21. The axillary region is in the:
a. back of the knee
c. armpit
b. mouth
d. shoulder
____ 22.
If you wish to make a drawing of a section through the human body that showed the heart and both of the
lungs, your section could be in which of the following planes?
1. Frontal (coronal)
2. Transverse
3. Sagittal
a. 1 only
c. 1 and 2
b. 2 only
d. 2 and 3
____ 23. Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
1. Molecules
2. Atoms
3. Tissues
4. Cells
5. Organ
____ 24.
____ 25.
____ 26.
____ 27.
____ 28.
a. 1,2,3,4,5
c. 2,1,3,4,5
b. 2,1,4,3,5
d. 1,2,4,3,5
The term medial is:
a. a direction toward or at the midline of the c. a term referring to the front of the body.
body
b. refers to a direction farther from the origin d. a term referring to a direction away from
of a body part or the point of attachment
the midline of the body.
of a limb to the body part
The thoracic body cavity:
a. is made up of cranial and spinal cavities
c. is the dorsal cavity
b. is the superior cavity in the ventral cavity d. is posterior to the dorsal cavity
Which of these is found in the dorsal body cavity?
a. liver
c. kidneys
b. brain
d. heart
Which of the following is NOT correct?
a. Tissues consist of groups of similar cells c. An organ is made up of more than two
that have a common function.
tissue types.
b. The digestive system, reproductive system d. Organ systems make up the living body or
and endocrine system are examples of
the organism.
organs.
Which of the following is NOT true of a sagittal plane?
a. A sagittal section is a cut made along the c. Both the sagittal and coronal plane
lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the
represent a cut made along a lengthwise
body dividing the body into right and left
plane.
parts.
b. A sagittal section divides the body into
d. A midsagittal plane divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts.
equal right and left parts.
____ 29.
Which of the following is NOT true of the skeletal system?
a. The skeletal system consists of bones,
c. The skeletal system has a protective
cartilages, ligaments and joints.
function.
b. Bones are not necessary for efficient
d. The hard substance of bones acts as a
movement.
storehouse for minerals
____ 30.
Which term is defined as being close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk?
a. superior,cranial, or cephalad
c. proximal
b. distal
d. superficial
____ 31. Chemical activity between atoms usually involves:
a. outer shell electrons
b. only the neutrons
c. all pf the protons
d. all of the electrons
____ 32. The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are:
a. calcium,potassium, sodium, nitrogen
b. carbon, hydrogen, oxsygen, nitrogen
c. oxygen, hydrogen, helium, sodium
d. nitrogen, carbon, beryllium, potassium
____ 33. Electrons in an atom are arranged in different energy levels. The energy level nearest to the nucleus:
a. never has more than 2 electrons
c. may have either 0 or 1 electron
b. may accommodate up to g electrons
d. is chemically neutral
____ 34. If a solution has a pH of 6.0, then the:
a.
number of hydrogen ions (H+) equals
the number of hydroxyl ions (OH-).
c.
b.
number of hydrogen ions (H+) is
greater than the number of hydroxyl
ions (OH-).
d. solut6ion is a base
number of hydrogen ions (H+) is less
than the number of hydroxyl ions
(OH-).
____ 35. If neutral atoms become positive ions, they:
a. gain electrons
b. lose electrons
c. gain protons
d. lose protons
____ 36. Solution A has a pH of 4. Solution B has a pH of 13. Identify the correct statement
a. Solution A is more basic than solution B
(Solution A has more hydrogen ions).
c. Solution A is more acidic than solution B
(Solution A has more hydrogen ions).
b. Solution A is more basic than solution B
(Solution B has more hydrogen ions).
d. Solution A is more acidic that solution B
(Solution B has more hydrogen ions).
____ 37. The atomic mass number is equal to:
a. number of electrons in the atom
b. number of protons + electrons in atom
c. combined mass of positive charges
d. number of neutrons in its’ atom
____ 38. The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of:
a. protons + electrons
b. protons
c. electrons, only
d. neutrons
____ 39. The nucleus of an atom is the location of which kinds of subatomic particles?
a. electrons and protons
b. protons and neutrons
c. electrons and neutrons
d. electrons, protons, and neutrons
____ 40. When two or more atoms are chemically joined we have a/an:
a. element
c. molecule
b. compound
d. mixture
____ 41. The term _______ refers to a unique substance that cannot be decomposed or broken down into simpler
substances.
a. molecule
c. element
b. atom
d. mixture
____ 42. Which of the following is NOT true about matter?
a. Matter exists in solid, liquid and gaseous c. Liquids have neither a definite shape nor a
states.
definite volume
b. Matter is anything that occupies space and d. Gases have neither a definite shape nor a
has mass (weight).
definite volume.
____ 43. Which of the following is NOT true regarding atomic structure?
a. Protons and neutrons are found in the
c. Electrons have a negative charge and are
nucleus of an atom.
found outside of the nucleus.
b. Neutrons have a negative charge.
d. Particles with the same type of charge
repel each other.
____ 44. Why do we need to study chemistry as part of Anatomy and Physiology?
a. Digestion is the only important chemical c. Our bodies have very few internal
reaction taking place in our bodies.
chemical reactions
b. Our bodies are made up of thousands of
d. none of the above
chemicals continuously interacting.
____ 45. An isotope is an atom that varies in the number of _________ .
a. electrons
c. neutrons
b. protons
d. photons
____ 46. Most Periodic Tables will have the following information about each element:
a. atomic number
c. atomic family/group
b. atomic mass
d. all of the above
____ 47. Which of the following substances is an element?
a. CO2
c. nitrogen
b. water
d. salt
____ 48. Which of the following substances is a compound?
a. salt
c. Fe
b. Mg
d. H2
____ 49. The most abundant inorganic compound found in the human body is:
a. CO2
c. NaCl
b. H2O
d. O2
____ 50. Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function are called:
a. tissues
c. multiple cells
b. epithelium
d. none of these
____ 51.
In _______, you find the chromosomes aligned at the center of the spindle midway between the centrioles so
that a straight line of chromosomes is seen.
a. prophase
c. anaphase
b. metaphase
d. telophase
____ 52. Once DNA synthesis starts, it continues until all the DNA has been replicated. Each nucleotide strand serves
as a _______ or set of instructions for building a new nucleotide strand.
a. dictionary
c. nitrogen base
b. template
d. double helix
____ 53. Organelles are found suspended in the:
a. plasma membrane
c. nucleotide
b. chromatin
d. cytoplasm
____ 54. What does it mean to say that the plasma membrane is "selectively permeable"?
a. it allows some things to go through and
c. It is selective about what enters but will
soome to stay out.
allow everything to leave the cel
b. It allows everything to enter but is
d. The membrane is selectively permeable
selective about what leaves.
only during the day
____ 55.
Passage of materials across the plasma membrane from a region of high concentration to one of lower
concentration is termed:
a. diffusion
c. pinocytosis
____ 56.
____ 57.
____ 58.
____ 59.
____ 60.
____ 61.
____ 62.
____ 63.
____ 64.
____ 65.
____ 66.
____ 67.
____ 68.
b. osmosis
d. phagocytosis
The "demolition crew" of a cell consists of certain organelles capable of the removal of cell parts and even of
the destruction of the whole cell by intracellular digestive enzyme action. These organelles are called the:
a. centrioles
c. lysosomes
b. peroxisomes
d. ribosomes
The modification and packaging of proteins and their transport to the cell membrane for secretion is the role
of the:
a. ribosomes
c. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
d. golgi apparatus
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is termed:
a. diffusion
c. passive transport
b. active transport
d. osmosis
The organelle responsible for the power supply (i.e. ATP production) to the cell is the:
a. endoplasmic reticulum
c. ribosome
b. lysosome
d. mitochondria
The tissue that covers the body surfaces, lines its cavities and forms glands is the _______ tissue.
a. muscle
c. nervous
b. connective
d. epithelial
When the centromeres divide and the chromosomes begin to migrate to opposite poles of the nuclear spindle,
the mitotic stage is called:
a. prophase
c. anaphase
b. metaphase
d. cytokinesis
Which of the cell organelles form the minicirculatory system in the cytoplasm of the cell?
a. mitochondria
c. ribosomes
b. nucleus
d. endoplasmic reticulum
All materials exchanged between the blood and the cell must first pass through the ______, which surrounds
all body cells.
a. lymph
c. sea H2O
b. interstitial fluid
d. plasma membrane
The advantages of being a multi-celled organisms include:
a. the ability of the cell to perform
c. the increased cellular surface area in
specialized functions for the organism
relationship to the total volume of the
individual allows development of larger
organisms.
b. the ability of the specialized cells to repair d. all of the above
damaged parts with like cells.
Cytokinesis is the name of the process within a cell that describes the:
a. division of the nucleus
c. division of the cytoplasm
b. movement of the centrioles
d. uneven division of the nucleus
If you stir a table spoon of sugar into a glass of water, the liquid which now holds the dissolved sugar is
known as the:
a. solution
c. solvent
b. solute
d. somatic
A mucus membrane:
a. lines the digestive and respiratory tract
c. covers the muscles
b. lines all closed body cavities
d. lines the heart
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the production of:
a. carotene
c. melanin
____ 69.
____ 70.
____ 71.
____ 72.
____ 73.
____ 74.
____ 75.
____ 76.
____ 77.
____ 78.
____ 79.
____ 80.
____ 81.
____ 82.
____ 83.
b. keratin
d. sebum
Hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin are made mostly of a tough waterproof protein called:
a. collagen
c. cerumen
b. elastin
d. keratin
Sebaceous glands secrete:
a. oil
c. wax
b. sudoriferous
d. melanin
The structure that contracts to cause "goose bumps" is the:
a. dermal papilla
c. arrector pili muscle
b. skeletal muscle
d. hair follicle
Which of the following vitamins is synthesized in the skin?
a. vitamin A
c. vitamin E
b. vitamin K
d. vitamin D
Sebaceus glands are usually associated with
a. nails
c. melanocytes
b. hair follicles
d. sweat glands
The dermis is abundantly supplied with _______ which play a role in maintaining body temperature
homeostasis.
a. nerveendings
c. blood vessels
b. melanocytes
d. lymphatic vessels
The epidermis and dermis are normally firmly connected together. However a burn or friction may cause
these layers to separate which results in a:
a. abscess
c. sty
b. pimple
d. blister
There are two types of sweat glands (also called sudoriferous glands) these are _______ and _______.
a. eccentric, apocentric
c. apocrine,eccrine
b. large,small
d. endocrine,exocrine
What chronic condition is characterized by reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales?
a. contact dermatitis
c. impetigo
b. athlete’s foot
d. psoriasis
What is the least malignant and most common skin cancer?
a. malignant melanoma
c. squamous cell carcinoma
b. lymphoma
d. basal cell carcinoma
The cutaneous membrane is made up of:
a. the mucosa
c. the pericardium
b. the peritoneum
d. the skin
The two major classes of body membranes are:
a. epithelial and connective
c. serous and parietal
b. cutaneous and serous
d. cutaneous and mucous
Where would you find a synovial membrane?
a. in your mouth
c. lining a capsule around your joints
b. lining your lungs
d. covering the bladder
Which of the following is a function of the skin:
a. control of body temperature
c. protection from mechanical damage
b. production of vitamin D
d. all of them are correct
The protein that provides a water repellant and toughening quality to the skin is/are:
a. collagen
c. keratin
b. melanin
d. fibroblasts