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From: New Insights Into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia JAMA. 2001;286(19):2450-2460. doi:10.1001/jama.286.19.2450 Figure Legend: Electron micrograph illustrates both cysts (white arrowheads) andtrophozoites (black arrowheads). Date of download: 4/30/2017 Copyright © 2001 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: New Insights Into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia JAMA. 2001;286(19):2450-2460. doi:10.1001/jama.286.19.2450 Figure Legend: A, Cases of PCP reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) in the pre-AIDS era compared with the AIDS era. Horizontal bars at thetop indicate the period during which prophylaxis to prevent PCP (prophylaxis)and HAART were available. The arrow indicates the time of publication of guidelinesby the US Public Health Service for prevention of PCP in human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV)–infected patients. B, Changein incidence of PCP in the pre-HAART and HAART era, demonstrating the markeddecline in incidence that occurred following the©introduction of HAART. Copyright 2001 American Medical Inthe immediate pre-HAART era (1992 to 1995), Date download: thereofwas a 3.4% 4/30/2017 per year declinein incidence of PCP. During the HAART era, the incidence of PCP decreasedby 21.5% per year. Association. All rights reserved. Data are from the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of DiseaseStudy. From: New Insights Into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia JAMA. 2001;286(19):2450-2460. doi:10.1001/jama.286.19.2450 Figure Legend: A, Chest radiograph of a patient with PCP demonstrating diffuse bilateralinfiltrates. B, Detection of human-derived P cariniiby immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. C, Hematoxylin-eosin–stainedsection of lung from an HIV-infected patient with PCP. An acellular eosinophilicexudate characteristic of PCP can be seen filling the alveoli. Date of download: 4/30/2017 Copyright © 2001 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: New Insights Into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia JAMA. 2001;286(19):2450-2460. doi:10.1001/jama.286.19.2450 Figure Legend: Diagram of the Pneumocystis carinii DHPSenzyme shows position of key amino acids involved in binding 7,8-dihydropterinpyrophosphate(DHPPP), para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), and sulfonamides (sulfa) based onhomology to the known crystal structure of the Escherichiacoli enzyme. Two commonly seen mutationsthat may be associated with resistance are Thr55Ala and Pro57Ser. Date of download: 4/30/2017 Copyright © 2001 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: New Insights Into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia JAMA. 2001;286(19):2450-2460. doi:10.1001/jama.286.19.2450 Figure Legend: PPD indicates purified protein derivative. Date of download: 4/30/2017 Copyright © 2001 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: New Insights Into Transmission, Diagnosis, and Drug Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia JAMA. 2001;286(19):2450-2460. doi:10.1001/jama.286.19.2450 Figure Legend: HIV indicates human immunodeficiency virus. Both the number of episodesof pulmonary symptoms evaluated for PCP (A) and the number of cases of PCPdiagnosed (B) showed a decrease over time in patients with HIV infection (blackcircles) in contrast to patients without HIV (gray circles). Date of download: 4/30/2017 Copyright © 2001 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.