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The first fish field guide ever published dedicated to the Tubbataha Reefs Compiled for the use of guests, visitors, and marine scientists With over 200 pictures of different fish species Documented >30% of the total resident population (633) TUBBATAHA REEFS FISH GUIDE TUBBATAHA REEFS FISH GUIDE Acknowledgements Author’s note Foreword Acanthuridae Aulostomidae Balistidae Caesionidae Carangidae Chaetodontidae Cirrhitidae Ephippidae Fistularidae Gobiidae Haemulidae Pomacentridae Priacanthidae Ptereleotridae Scaridae Scorpaenidae Serranidae Siganidae Sphyraenidae Synodontidae Tetraodontidae Zanclidae Surgeonfishes, Unicornfishes (p. 1) Trumpetfishes (p. 5) Triggerfishes (p. 6) Fusiliers (p. 8) Jacks, Trevallies (p. 9) Butterflyfishes (p. 10) Hawkfishes (p. 14) Batfishes (p. 15) Cornetfishes (p. 16) Gobies (p. 17) Sweetlips (p. 18) Holocentridae Kyphosidae Labridae Lethrinidae Lutjanidae Mullidae Muraenidae Nemipteridae Ostraciidae Pinguipedidae Pomacanthidae Damselfishes (p. 38) Bigeyes (p. 44) Dartfishes (p. 45) Parrotfishes (p. 46) Scorpionfishes, Firefishes (p. 49) Groupers, Sea basses (p. 50) Rabbitfishes (p. 54) Barracudas (p. 55) Lizardfishes (p. 56) Pufferfishes (p. 57) Moorish idol (p. 59) Squirrelfishes (p. 19) Sea chubs (p. 20) Wrasses (p. 21) Emperors (p. 26) Snappers (p. 29) Goatfishes (p. 32) Moray eels (p. 33) Whiptail breams (p. 34) Boxfishes (p. 35) Sand perches (p. 36) Angelfishes (p. 37) FAMILY ACANTHURIDAE Surgeonfishes, Tangs, Unicornfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder ACANTHUROIDEI from Greek Akantha (thorn) + Oura (tail) REMARKS - All species marine, circumtropical distribution, 82 species recorded under 6 genera - Small and terminal mouth, ctenoid scales, single row close-set teeth, many are brightly colored - Feed on benthic algae, zooplankton, and detritus. Pelagic spawners © Segundo Conales Jr. © Toppx2 JAPANESE SURGEONFISH LINED SURGEONFISH Acanthurus japonicus Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. ELONGATE SURGEONFISH Acanthurus mata Max. length: 1 2013 Acanthurus lineatus Max. length: © Art Faburada 2013 WHITECHEEK SURGEONFISH Acanthurus nigricans Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 48 BLACKSTREAK SURGEONFISH Acanthurus nigricaudus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: © Reef Fish Identification: BROWN SURGEONFISH Acanthurus nigrofuscus Max. length: © Art Faburada Tropical Pacific. p. 45 ORANGESPOT SURGEONFISH Acanthurus olivaceus Max. length: CHOCOLATE SURGEONFISH Acanthurus pyroferus Max. length: © Art Faburada STRIATED SURGEONFISH Ctenochaetus striatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 Tropical Pacific. p. 50 © Segundo Conales Jr. WHITEMARGIN UNICORNFISH Naso annulatus Max. length: 2 2013 © Art Faburada SPOTTED UNICORNFISH © Segundo Conales Jr. SLEEK UNICORNFISH Naso brevirostris Max. length: Naso hexacanthus Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. 2013 ORANGESPINE UNICORNFISH Naso lituratus Max. length: Naso thynnoides Max. length: BLUESPINE UNICORNFISH 3 2013 ONEKNIFE UNICORNFISH © Art Faburada Naso unicornis Max. length: 2013 © Art Faburada BIGNOSE UNICORNFISH Naso vlamingii Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada TWOTONE TANG Zebrasoma scopas Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. SAILFIN TANG Zebrasoma velifer Max. length: 4 2013 FAMILY AULOSTOMIDAE Trumpetfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Suborder from Greek Aulos (flute) + Stoma (mouth) REMARKS - All species marine, found in tropical atlantic and indo-pacific regions, 3 species recorded under 6 genera - Compressed and elongated scaly body, fleshy barbels at the tip of lower jaw, rounded caudal fin - Ambush predator, feeds on small fishes and crustaceans. Spawners © Art Faburada CHINESE TRUMPETFISH Aulostomus chinensis Max. length: 5 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY BALISTIDAE Triggerfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Suborder from Greek Balein (to throw) once considered as “trash fish” REMARKS - All species marine, found in Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions, 42 species recorded under 12 genera - Odd-shaped compressed body, swim with their 2nd dorsal (adipose) and anal fins - Most species are carnivorous, some feed on algae. Lay demersal eggs, aggresive guarders © Art Faburada ORANGE-LINED TRIGGERFISH Balistapus undulatus Max. length: © Toppx2 CLOWN TRIGGERFISH Balistoides conspicillum Max. length: © Art Faburada TITAN TRIGGERFISH Balistoides viridescens Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. BLACK TRIGGERFISH Melichthys niger Max. length: 6 2013 © Art Faburada PINKTAIL TRIGGERFISH © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) RED-TOOTHED TRIGGERFISH Melichthys vidua Max. length Odonus niger Max. length © Art Faburada BOOMERANG TRIGGERFISH Sufflamen bursa Max. length © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) HALFMOON TRIGGERFISH Sufflamen chrysopterum Max. length © Art Faburada GILDED TRIGGERFISH Xanthichthys auromarginatus Max. length 7 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY CAESIONIDAE Fusiliers Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder PERCOIDEI from Greek Caesius (bluish-grey) REMARKS - All species marine, thrive in Indo-west Pacific, 23 species recorded under 4 genera - Elongate and fusiform body, small mouth, deeply-forked caudal fin - Active swimmers, feed on zooplankton. Spawners, nonguarders © Art Faburada BLUE AND GOLD FUSILIER DARK-BANDED FUSILIER Caesio caerulaurea Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Art Faburada Pterocaesio tile Max. length: (2013) BANANA FUSILIER Pterocaesio pisang Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 8 FAMILY CARANGIDAE Jacks, Trevallies Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from French Carangue (name of a Caribbean fish) REMARKS - Chiefly marine. rare in brackish environment, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 148 species under 30 genera - Shape varies from very deep to fusiform, spiny scutes along lateral line, widely-forked caudal fin - Fast swimmers, feed on small fishes and invertebrates. Spawners, nonguarders © Segundo Conales Jr. COACHWHIP TREVALLY BLUEFIN TREVALLY Caranx melampygus Max. length: 9 (2013) GIANT TREVALLY Carangoides oblongus Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) Caranx ignobilis Max. length: © Art Faburada (2013) BIGEYE TREVALLY Caranx sexfasciatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY CHAETODONTIDAE Butterflyfishes Class Subclass Order Suborder ACTINOPTERYGII NEOPTERYGII PERCIFORMES PERCOIDEI from Greek Chaite (hair) + Odontos (teeth) REMARKS - Marine-brackish, found in tropical Atlantic and Indo-west Pacific, 129 species recorded under 12 genera - Highly compressed body, mouth protrusible with small brushlike teeth, most have “eyespot” - Diet includes coelenterate polyps, inverts, fish eggs, filamentous algae, others planktivore. Spawners © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) PHILIPPINE BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon adiergastos Max. length: THREADFIN BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon auriga Max. length: © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. EASTERN TRIANGULAR BUTTERFLYFISH BLUELASHED BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon baronessa Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 (2013) (2013) Chaetodon bennetti Max. length: 10 © Segundo Conales Jr. SADDLE BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon kleinii Max. length: ORNATE BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon melannotus Max. length: SPOT-NAPE BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon oxycephalus Max. length: 11 © Toppx2 (2013) BLACKBACK BUTTERFLYFISH © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) SUNBURST BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon ephippium Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) Chaetodon ornatissimus Max. length: © Art Faburada (2013) SPOTBAND BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon punctatofasciatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada LATTICED BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon trifascialis Max. length: (2013) MELON BUTTERFLYFISH VAGABOND BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon vagabundus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) PACIFIC DOUBLE-SADDLE BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon trifasciatus Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) CHEVRON BUTTERFLYFISH Chaetodon rafflesi Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. Chaetodon ulietensis Max. length: © Art Faburada (2013) LONGNOSE BUTTERFLY FISH Forcipiger flavissimus Max. length: 12 © Segundo Conales Jr. © Toppx2 (2013) LONGNOSE BUTTERFLYFISH Forcipiger longirostris Max. length: PENNANT CORALFISH Heniochus acuminatus Max. length: © Art Faburada HORNED BANNERFISH Heniochus varius Max. length: 13 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY CIRRHITIDAE Hawkfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Latin Cirrus (curl, fringe) REMARKS - All species marine, found in Eastern and Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 33 species from 12 genera - Usually small and colorful. Protogynous hermaphrodites - Feed on small crustaceans and fishes. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders © Art Faburada DWARF HAWKFISH © Art Faburada ARC-EYE HAWKFISH Cirrhitichthys falco Max. length: Paracirrhites arcatus Max. length: © Art Faburada BLACKSIDE HAWKFISH Paracirrhites forsteri Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 14 FAMILY EPHIPPIDAE Batfishes, Spadefishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Latin Ephippium (horse saddle) REMARKS - Rarely found in estuaries, present in Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific regions, 15 species under 8 genera - Compressed body, small mouth, wing-like dorsal and anal fins - Omnivorous species. Spawners © Art Faburada DUSKY BATFISH Platax pinnatus Max. length: 15 © Art Faburada LONGFIN BATFISH Platax teira Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY FISTULARIIDAE Cornetfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order SYNGNATHIFORMES Suborder from Latin Fistula (pipeline) REMARKS - Marine, along tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific regions, 4 species under sole genera - Slightly depressed and extremely elongate body, tubular snout w/o barbels, body tapering at caudal end - Feed on crustaceans and small fishes. Spawners, nonguarders © Toppx2 BLUESPOTTED CORNETFISH Fistularia commersonii Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 16 FAMILY GOBIIDAE Gobies Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder GOBIOIDEI from Greek Gobius (goby) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some species are catadromous, tropical and subtropical, 1677 species under 250 genera - Ironically the largest family in terms of number with the smallest members (size), most are below 10 cm - Diet varies, some are cryptic carnivores, some are planktivores, some eat ectotermic organisms from other fishes. Nest spawners, guarders © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) BLUEBAND GOBY Valenciennea strigata Max. length: 17 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY HAEMULIDAE Grunts, Sweetlips Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Haimaleos (bloody) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some brackish, rarely freshwater, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 136 species under 19 genera - Thick lips, continuous dorsal fin, enlarged chin pores - Nocturnal and feed on benthic invertebrates. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders © Art Faburada HARLEQUIN SWEETLIPS Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: © Art Faburada YELLOWBANDED SWEETLIPS Plectorhinchus lineatus Max. length: Tropical Pacific. p. 171 RIBBONED SWEETLIPS Plectorhinchus polytaenia Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 18 FAMILY HOLOCENTRIDAE Squirrelfishes, Soldierfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order BERYCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Holos (whole) + Kentron (sharp point) REMARKS - All species marine, found in Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific regions, 83 species under 8 genera - Large eyes, edged operculum, forked caudal fin, usually reddish - Most are nocturnal, feed on zooplankton, benthic inverts, and small fishes. Spawners, nonguarders © Segundo Conales Jr. SCARLET SOLDIERFISH SAMMARA SQUIRRELFISH Neoniphon sammara Max. length: 19 (2013) LATTICE SOLDIERFISH Myripristis pralinia Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) Myripristis violacea Max. length: (2013) © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) SABRE SQUIRRELFISH Sargocentron spiniferum Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY KYPHOSIDAE Sea chubs Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Kyphos (hump) REMARKS - All species marine, along Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific regions, 52 species from 14 genera - Omnivores, pelagic spawners © Art Faburada BRASSY CHUB Kyphosus vaigiensis Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 20 FAMILY LABRIDAE Wrasses Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder LABROIDEI from Greek Labrum (lip) REMARKS - All species marine, found in waters of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, with 520 species under 70 genera - Shape, size, and color are very diverse (change color and sex with growth) - Planktivores, some are carnivores, some are symbiotic (cleaner wrasse). Pelagic spawners © Segundo Conales Jr. © Art Faburada BLUESPOTTED WRASSE AXILSPOT HOGFISH (JUV) Anampses caeruleopunctatus Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. DIANA’S HOGFISH Bodianus diana Max. length: 21 (2013) Bodianus axillaris Max. length: © Art Faburada (2013) REDBREASTED WRASSE Cheilinus fasciatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada TRIPLETAIL WRASSE © Segundo Conales Jr. HUMPHEAD WRASSE (JUV) Cheilinus trilobatus Max. length: Cheilinus undulatus Max. length: © Art Faburada CIGAR WRASSE © Art Faburada ORANGE-DOTTED TUSKFISH Cheilio inermis Max. length: Choerodon anchorago Max. length: © Art Faburada AFRICAN CORIS Coris gaimard Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 (2013) © Art Faburada DAPPLE CORIS Coris variegata Max. length: 22 © Art Faburada BIRD WRASSE © Art Faburada CANARY WRASSE Gomphosus varius Max. length: Halichoeres chrysus Max. length: © Art Faburada © Art Faburada CHECKERBOARD WRASSE Halichoeres hortulanus Max. length: PINSTRIPED WRASSE Halichoeres melanurus Max. length: © Art Faburada ZIGZAG WRASSE Halichoeres scapularis Max. length: 23 © Art Faburada BARRED THICKLIP Hemigymnus fasciatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada BLACKEYE THICKLIP © Art Faburada BLUESTREAK CLEANER WRASSE Hemigymnus melapterus Max. length: Labroides dimidiatus Max. length: © Art Faburada BICOLOR CLEANER WRASSE Labroides bicolor Max. length: © Art Faburada ROCKMOVER WRASSE Novaculichthys taeniorus Max. length: © Art Faburada CHEEKLINED WRASSE Oxycheilinus digramma Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada RED SHOULDER WRASSE Stethojulis bandanensis Max. length: 24 © Segundo Conales Jr. BLUNTHEADED WRASSE JANSEN’S WRASSE Thalassoma jansenii Max. length: 25 (2013) SIXBAR WRASSE Thalassoma amblycephalum Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) Thalassoma hardwicke Max. length: © Art Faburada (2013) MOON WRASSE Thalassoma lunare Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY LETHRINIDAE Emperors Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Lethrinia (a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some in estuaries, tropical Indo-Pacific (except L. atlanticus), 38 species from 5 genera - Carnivorous bottom feeders - Pelagic spawners, some demonstrate protogynous hermaphroditism, nonguarders © Art Faburada STRIPED LARGE-EYE BREAM Gnathodentex aureolineatus Max. length: © Art Faburada ORANGE-SPOTTED EMPEROR Lethrinus erythracanthus Max. length: © Art Faburada © Reef Fish Identification: THUMBPRINT EMPEROR Lethrinus harak Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 Tropical Pacific. p. 119 PINK EAR EMPEROR Lethrinus lentjan Max. length: 26 © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 119 SMALLTOOTH EMPEROR Lethrinus microdon Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 118 SPANGLED EMPEROR Lethrinus nebulosus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: 27 Tropical Pacific. p. 120 TRUMPET EMPEROR Lethrinus miniatus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 121 ORNATE EMPEROR Lethrinus ornatus Max. length: Tropical Pacific. p. 120 BLACK BLOTCH EMPEROR Lethrinus semicinctus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 121 SLENDER EMPEROR Lethrinus variegatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. YELLOWLIP EMPEROR Lethrinus xanthochilus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 (2013) HUMPNOSE BIG-EYE BREAM Monotaxis grandoculis Max. length: 28 FAMILY LUTJANIDAE Snappers Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Malay ikan lutjan (a name of a fish) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some enter freshwater for feeding, 110 species under 17 genera - Moderate to large terminal mouth, jaws bearing canine teeth - Feed on crustaceans and fishes, some are planktivores. Spawners, nonguarders © Segundo Conales Jr. SMALL TOOTHED JOBFISH CHECKERED SNAPPER Lutjanus decussatus Max. length: 29 (2013) TWO-SPOT RED SNAPPER Aphareus furca Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) Lutjanus bohar Max. length: © Art Faburada (2013) DORY SNAPPER Lutjanus fulviflamma Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Reef Fish Identification: BLACKTAIL SNAPPER Lutjanus fulvus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 105 BIGEYE SNAPPER HUMPBACK RED SNAPPER Lutjanus gibbus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 105 Lutjanus monostigma Max. length: © Art Faburada Tropical Pacific. p. 104 FIVE-LINED SNAPPER Lutjanus quinquelineatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 (2013) ONE-SPOT SNAPPER Lutjanus lutjanus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: © Segundo Conales Jr. Tropical Pacific. p. 106 RUSSELL’S SNAPPER Lutjanus russellii Max. length: 30 © Segundo Conales Jr. MIDNIGHT SNAPPER Macolor macularis Max. length: 31 © Art Faburada (2013) BLACK AND WHITE SNAPPER Macolor niger Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY MULLIDAE Goatfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Latin Mullus (soft) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, rarely brackish, Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 83 species from 6 genera - Elongated body, forked caudal fin, with two barbels used as chemosensors - Feed on invertebrates and small fishes. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) DASH-AND-DOT GOATFISH (2013) GOLD-SADDLE GOATFISH Parupeneus barberinus Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. Parupeneus cyclostomus Max. length: (2013) MANYBAR GOATFISH Parupeneus multifasciatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 32 FAMILY MURAENIDAE Moray eels Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass ELOPOMORPHA Order ANGUILLIFORMES Suborder from Latin Muraena (moray eel) REMARKS - Marine, brackish, and freshwater, found in tropical and temperate seas, 201 species from 16 genera - Snake-like body, large mouth with numerous teeth (often fangs), scaleless, no pelvic and pectoral fins - Nocturnal, hiding at day, feed on crustaceans, cephalopods, and fishes. Spawners, nonguarders © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) GIANT MORAY Gymnothorax javanicus Max. length: 33 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY NEMIPTERIDAE Threadfin breams, Whiptail breams Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Nemas (thread) + Pteron (fin) REMARKS - All species marine, Indo-west Pacific, 67 species recorded under 5 genera - Carnivorous, feed on cephalopodds, crustaceans, and polychaetes - Spawners, nonguarders. Scolopsis exhibit protogynous hermaphroditism © Art Faburada TWO-LINED MONOCLE BREAM Scolopsis bilineata Max. length: © Art Faburada PEARLY MONOCLE BREAM Scolopsis margaritifera Max. length: © Art Faburada THREE-LINED MONOCLE BREAM Scolopsis trilineata Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 34 FAMILY OSTRACIIDAE Boxfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Suborder from Greek Ostrakon (shell) REMARKS - All species marine, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific regions, 25 species under 8 genera - Bony carapace enclosing body, dorsal fins not spinous, some secrete ostracitoxin - Feed on sessile invertebrates and algae. Highly territorial, spawners, nonguarders © Art Faburada YELLOW BOXFISH Ostracion cubicus Max. length: 35 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY PINGUIPEDIDAE Sandperches Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder TRACHINOIDEI from Latin Pinguis (fat) + Greek Pous (foot) REMARKS - Live in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments, present in Atlantic side of S. America and Africa - Also in the Indo-Pacific, 83 species under 7 genera. Carnivorous, feed on small fishes and invertebrates - Pelagic spawners, nonguarders, territorial and haremic © Art Faburada BLACK DOTTED SANDPERCH Parapercis millepunctata Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada CYLINDRICAL SANDPERCH Parapercis cylindrica Max. length: 36 FAMILY POMACANTHIDAE Angelfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass NEOPTERYGII Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Poma (cover) + Akantha (thorn) REMARKS - All species marine, found in tropical Atlantic, Indian, and Western Pacific, with 88 species from 8 genera - Compressed body, rounded to lunate caudal fin, striking coloration - Feed on filamentous algae, sponges, sessile invert © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) BICOLOR ANGELFISH PEARLSCALE ANGELFISH Centropyge bicolor Max. length: Centropyge vrolikii Max. length: © Art Faburada EMPEROR ANGELFISH Pomacanthus imperator Max. length: 37 © Art Faburada REGAL ANGELFISH Pygoplites diacanthus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY POMACENTRIDAE Damselfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder LABROIDEI from Greek Poma (cover) + Kentron (sting) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, rare in estuaries, all tropical seas, mainly Indo-Pacific, 387 species under 29 genera - Compressed, deep body, small mouth, interrupted lateral line, color varies with locality on same species - 35 cm max. length. Omnivores, planktivores. Egg layers, guarders © Art Faburada INDO-PACIFIC SERGEANT Abudefduf vaigiensis Max. length: © Art Faburada STAGHORN DAMSELFISH Amblyglyphidodon curacao Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada GOLDEN DAMSELFISH Amblyglyphidodon aureus Max. length: © Art Faburada YELLOWBELLY DAMSELFISH Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster Max. length: 38 © Art Faburada © Art Faburada YELLOWTAIL CLOWNFISH TOMATO CLOWNFISH Amphiprion clarkii Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. Amphiprion frenatus Max. length: CLOWN ANEMONEFISH PINK ANEMONEFISH Amphiprion ocellaris Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. BICOLOR CHROMIS Chromis margaritifer Max. length: 39 © Art Faburada (2013) Amphiprion perideraion Max. length: © Art Faburada (2013) BLACK-BAR CHROMIS Chromis retrofasciata Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) TERNATE CHROMIS BLUE GREEN DAMSELFISH Chromis ternatensis Max. length: Chromis viridis Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. © Art Faburada (2013) WEBER’S CHROMIS YELLOW-AXIL CHROMIS Chromis weberi Max. length: Chromis xanthochira Max. length: © Art Faburada PALETAIL CHROMIS Chromis xanthura Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 (2013) © Art Faburada ROLLAND’S DEMOISELLE Chrysiptera rollandi Max. length: 40 © Art Faburada TALBOT’S DEMOISELLE © Art Faburada WHITETAIL DASCYLLUS Chrysiptera talboti © Art Faburada. Dascyllus aruanus © Art Faburada. © Art Faburada © Art Faburada RETICULATE DASCYLLUS THREESPOT DASCYLLUS Dascyllus reticulatus © Art Faburada. Dascyllus trimaculatus © Art Faburada. © Segundo Conales Jr. BLACKBAR DEVIL Plectroglyphidodon dickii © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) 41 © Art Faburada (2013) WHITESPOTTED DEVIL Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus © Art Faburada. Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada ALEXANDER’S DAMSEL © Art Faburada AMBON DAMSEL Pomacentrus alexanderae Max. length: Pomacentrus amboinensis Max. length: © Art Faburada CHARCOAL DAMSEL NEON DAMSELFISH Pomacentrus brachialis Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. LEMON DAMSEL Pomacentrus moluccensis Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada Pomacentrus coelestis Max. length: © Art Faburada (2013) PHILIPPINE DAMSEL Pomacentrus philippinus Max. length: 42 © Segundo Conales Jr. © Art Faburada BLACKSPOT DAMSEL Pomacentrus stigma Max. length: 43 (2013) OCELLATE DAMSELFISH Pomacentrus vaiuli Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY PRIACANTHIDAE Bigeyes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Prion (saw) + Akantha (thorn) REMARKS - All species marine, tropical and subtropical regions of Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific, 19 species, 4 genera - Very big eyes with reflective layer, oblique and big mouth, roughly scaled, usually bright red - Nocturnal carnivores. Egg layers, nonguarders © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) MOONTAIL BULLSEYE Priacanthus hamrur Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 44 FAMILY PTERELEOTRIDAE Dartfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Pteron (wing) + Eleotris (name of a Nile fish) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, rarely freshwater, tropical and subtropical regions of Atlantic and Indo-Pacific - Small, elongate body with dart-like fins - Planktivores. Egg layers, guarders © Art Faburada BLACKFIN DARTFISH Ptereleotris evides Max. length: 45 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY SCARIDAE Parrotfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder LABROIDEI from Greek Skairo (to jump) REMARKS - All species marine, circumtropical distribution, 100 species under 10 genera - Fused jaw, parrot-like mouth and teeth, continuous dorsal fin, brightly colored at their terminal phase - Grazers of algae and corals which turns into sand, herbivorous. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders © Segundo Conales Jr. GREEN HUMPHEAD PARROTFISH Bolbometopon muricatum Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) (2013) BICOLOUR PARROTFISH Cetoscarus bicolor Max. length: © Art Faburada BOWER’S PARROTFISH Chlorurus bowersi Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 DAISY PARROTFISH Chlorurus sordidus Max. length: 46 © Art Faburada © Reef Fish Identification: PACIFIC LONGNOSE PARROTFISH Hipposcarus longiceps Max. length: © Art Faburada YELLOWBARRED PARROTFISH Scarus dimidiatus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: 47 MARBLED PARROTFISH Leptoscarus vaigiensis Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 187 FESTIVE PARROTFISH Scarus festivus Max. length: © Art Faburada Tropical Pacific. p. 187 BRIDLED PARROTFISH Scarus frenatus Max. length: Tropical Pacific. p. 178 BLUE-BARRED PARROTFISH Scarus ghobban Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada © Segundo Conales Jr. DUSKY PARROTFISH DARK CAPPED PARROTFISH Scarus niger Max. length: © Segundo Conales Jr. SINGAPORE PARROTFISH Scarus prasiognathos Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 (2013) Scarus oviceps Max. length: (2013) © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 183 COMMON PARROTFISH Scarus psittacus Max. length: 48 FAMILY SCORPAENIDAE Scorpionfishes, Firefishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order SCORPAENIFORMES Suborder from Latin Scorpaena (a kind of fish) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, rarely freshwater, all tropical and temperate regions, 215 species under 26 genera - Compressed body, spines and ridges on head, venomous dorsal, anal, and pelvic spines - Feed on crustaceans and fishes. Egg layers © Art Faburada BROADBARRED FIREFISH Pterois antennata Max. length: 49 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY SERRANIDAE Groupers, Sea basses Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder PERCOIDEI from Latin Serranus (saw, fish saw) REMARKS - Marine (chiefly), brackish, and freshwater, tropical and temperate regions, 535 species under 75 genera - Appearance very diverse, varies with growth. Feed on fish eggs, crustaceans, and zooplankton - Spawners, nonguarders, protogynous hermaphrodites © Art Faburada © Art Faburada REDMOUTH GROUPER PEACOCK HIND Aethaloperca rogaa Max. length: Cephalopholis argus Max. length: © Art Faburada © Art Faburada BLUESPOTTED HIND Cephalopholis cyanostigma Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 CORAL HIND Cephalopholis miniata Max. length: 50 © Art Faburada © Art Faburada SIXBLOTCH HIND BROWN-MARBLED GROUPER Cephalopholis sexmaculata Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Max. length: Tropical Pacific. p. 162 MALABAR GROUPER Epinephelus melanostigma Max. length: © Art Faburada WHITE-STREAKED GROUPER 51 Tropical Pacific. p. 160 ONE-BLOTCH GROUPER Epinephelus malabaricus Max. length: Epinephelus ongus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: © Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. p. 159 GREASY GROUPER Epinephelus tauvina Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Art Faburada SQUARETAIL CORALGROUPER Plectropomus areolatus Max. length: © Reef Fish Identification: © Segundo Conales Jr. BLACKSADDLED CORALGROUPER Plectropomus laevis Max. length: © Art Faburada Tropical Pacific. p. 164 LEOPARD CORALGROUPER Plectropomus leopardus Max. length: HIGHFIN CORALGROUPER Plectropomus oligacanthus Max. length: © Art Faburada PEACH FAIRY BASSLET Pseudanthias dispar Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 (2013) © Art Faburada RED-CHEEKED FAIRY BASSLET Pseudanthias huchtii Max. length: 52 © Art Faburada YELLOWSTRIPED FAIRY BASSLET Pseudanthias tuka Max. length: 53 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY SIGANIDAE Rabbitfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass NEOPTERYGII Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Latin Siganus (rabbit fish) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, some are brackish, Eastern Mediterranean and throughout Indo-Pacific - Only 1 genera with 28 species. Poisonous spines - Diurnal herbivores (sea grass and algae). Pelagic spawners, nonguarders © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) © Art Faburada STREAMLINED SPINEFOOT Siganus argenteus Max. length: MASKED SPINEFOOT Siganus puellus Max. length: © Art Faburada GOLDSPOTTED SPINEFOOT Siganus punctatus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 © Segundo Conales Jr. (2013) FOXFACE Siganus vulpinus Max. length: 54 FAMILY SPHYRAENIDAE Barracudas Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Sphyraina (a pike/spear-like fish) REMARKS - All species marine, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific tropical and subtropical regions, 27 species under lone genera - Long, elongate body, large mouth, lower jaw protruding upward, well-developed lateral line - Dorsal fins far apart. Voracious predator of other fish, with reported human attacks. Pelagic spawners © Art Faburada GREAT BARRACUDA Sphyraena barracuda Max. length: 55 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY SYNODONTIDAE Lizardfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order AULOPIFORMES Suborder from Greek Syn (all together, united) + Odous (teeth) REMARKS - Rare on estuaries, chiefly marine, along Atlantic and Indo-Pacific, 70 recorded species under 3 genera - Small, cylindrical body, spineless fins, large mouth full of sharp teeth - Voracious predator of smaller fishes. Egg layers, nonguarders © Art Faburada GRACILE LIZARDFISH Saurida gracilis Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 56 FAMILY TETRAODONTIDAE Pufferfishes Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass NEOPTERYGII Order TETRAODONTIFORMES Suborder from Greek Tetra (four) + Odous (teeth) REMARKS - Chiefly marine, also in brackish and freshwater environments, tropical and subtropical regions - 190 species under 26 genera. Inflates body with water if stressed, viscera with tetraodotoxin - Feed on algae and small invertebrates. Egg layers, guarders © Segundo Conales Jr. © Art Faburada (2013) BLACKSPOTTED PUFFER Arothron nigropunctatus Max. length: SPOTTED SHARPNOSE Canthigaster solandri Max. length: © Art Faburada VALENTIN’S SHARPNOSE PUFFER Canthigaster valentini Max. length: 57 Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 FAMILY ZANCLIDAE Moorish idol Class ACTINOPTERYGII Subclass Order PERCIFORMES Suborder from Greek Zagkios (oblique) REMARKS - Marine, Indo-Pacific. Sole representative of family Zanclidae - Strongly compressed and discoid body, tubular snout, numerous bristle-like teeth, whip-like dorsal spine - Feed on sponges and benthic invertebrates. Pelagic spawners, nonguarders © Art Faburada MOORISH IDOL Zanclus cornutus Max. length: Tubbataha Reefs Fish Book Volume 1 58