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Environments – Chapter 9 1. What is an ecosystem? - Ecosystem – the living and nonliving parts of an environment act together, or interact. -The living parts of an ecosystem depend on nonliving parts. *Example: plants (living) needs sunlight, soil, air, and water to grow. -The living parts include plants, animals, and other living things. -Sunlight, air, water, and soil are all nonliving part of an environment. -The living parts also depend on one another. *Example: animals eat other living things and can use plants for shelter. -Habitat – a place where a living thing makes its home, it has everything a plant or animal needs to live. -A habitat can be the water in a wetland, the soil beneath a rock, or even a crack in a sidewalk for an ant. -Population – All the living things of the same kind that live in the same place make up a population. -Community – All the populations that live in the same place make up a community. 2. How do humans affect their environment? -Natural events, such as floods and hurricanes change the environment. -People can cause changes that harm the environment. *Example: they cut down trees to build roads, farms, and houses. Animals depend on the trees to meet their needs can no longer live there. *Example: Pollution – any harmful material added to the air, water, or land. -Pollution can harm or kill plants and animals. -You can help reduce pollution by cleaning up litter in a park and instead of riding in a car, you can walk, ride a bike, or take a bus. -People can also do things that help the environment in a positive way. *Example: The National Park System was started to preserve, or save, land in the United States. *Example: Recycle – when you change something so it can be used again. You can recycle objects made of glass, metal, plastic, or paper. 3. How can you protect Louisiana’s species? -When a species becomes extinct, there are no more living individuals of that species. *Natural events and people can cause extinction. -A species whose population is so small that it is at risk of becoming extinct is endangered. *An example of an endangered species is the red-cockaded woodpecker. *The Louisiana black bear is a threatened species. -Species that may soon become endangered are called threatened. -Species that are no longer endangered or threatened are said to be recovering. *Some species that were once endangered in Louisiana have recovered. -Some examples include the American alligator, the bald eagle, and the brown pelican. *Today laws protect animals from being hunted. The Endangered Species Act is a set of laws that protect endangered and threatened species. 4. How do we use natural resources? -A natural resource is an important material from Earth that living things need. *Examples: Trees are natural resource used for lumber and to make paper products. *People cut trees down for wood. They plant new trees to replace those cut down. -A resource that can be replaced in a fairly short amount of time is a renewable resource. *Trees, sunlight, air, and water, are renewable resources because they cannot be used up. -A resource that cannot be replaced is a nonrenewable resource. *Examples include coal, oil, copper, iron, aluminum, and natural gas. *Petroleum is a also nonrenewable resource used to make plastic. -Examples: plastic bottles, pens, and hair combs.