Download Chapter 17/19.3

Chapter 17: Population Genetics, Genes & Variation
What were the two big gaps in Darwin’s theory?
1. He had no idea…
2. He had no idea…
--The connection..
Key Ideas:
1.
Natural selection..
- Natural selection…
- A single gene pair …
What is a population?
A group…
What is a gene pool?
All ...
What is relative frequency (allele frequency)?
1. The number …
2. Expressed …
3. Example:
 Allele frequency ...
What is evolution in genetic terms?
Any change ...
What are the sources of genetic/heritable variation?
1. Mutation –
2. Genetic Recombination – the ...
3. Lateral Gene Transfer –
What is the relationship between genotype & phenotype?

The ...
What is a single-gene trait?
1. A trait ...
2. There can only be ...
 dominance
2=
 or codominance
3=
What is a polygenic trait?
1. A trait ...
2. Produces ...
3. The range of phenotypes …
4. Human ...
Does natural selection act directly on genes?

Why?

Natural selection…
What is an adaptation?
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
Natural Selection on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies, and thus evolution.
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Evolution …
Natural Selection on Polygenic Traits:
1. Phenotype ...
2. Fitness ...
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Evolution …
There are 3 ways in which natural selection can affect phenotype distribution:
1.
2.
3.
What is directional selection?
1. One end …
2. Selection …
3. The range …
What is stabilizing selection?
1. The individuals ...
2. Selection ...
What is disruptive (diversifying) selection?
1. Both ...
2. The ...
What is genetic drift?

The random change …
What is the founder effect?

A change ….
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
1. A model ....
2. No evolution = genetic equilibrium
- no change …
3. This never really …
What are the five conditions for genetic equilibrium?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How is the Hardy-Weinberg Principle expressed mathematically?

p = frequency of…
q = frequency of…
p2 = frequency of…
2pq = frequency of…
q2 = frequency of…
p+q=1

This formula ...
What is a species?

A group ...
What is speciation?
1. The process ...
2. The key part ...
What are the three types of reproductive isolation?
1.
2.
3.
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What is behavioral isolation?
Mating rituals and...
What is geographic isolation?

A geographic …
What is temporal isolation?

The populations ...
Speciation in Darwin’s Finches:
1. Founders …
2. Separation …
3. Changes …
4.
5.
6.
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Section 19-3: Early Earth’s History
Formation of the Earth
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Geologic evidence shows …
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Not “born” in a single event; …
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Early atmosphere = …
The First Organic Molecules
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Stanley Miller & Harold Urey set up an experiment …
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Filled sterile flask …
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Results: ...
The Puzzle of Life’s Origin: How might cells have arisen?
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Under certain conditions, …
1. Selectively …
2. Simple means …
Evolution of RNA & DNA (See Fig 17-10, pg 425)
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Scientists don’t know …
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Experiments show …

Microfossils, or microscopic fossils …
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They were ...
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These photosynthetic bacteria, …
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O2 …
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Single-celled
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Lack …
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Lack …
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Also called …
Evolution Eukaryotic Cells
About 2 billion years ago, …
1. Mitochondria are…
2. Chloroplasts are…
3. Bacteria entered …
4. Explains why …
Observations Supporting the Endosymbiotic Theory
1. Size & Structure – …
2. Genetic material- …
3. Ribosomes …
4. Reproduction- …