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Earth Science Learning Check Systems, Experiments and Technology Light (18-41) Catastrophic Events (42-93) (1-17) Earth in Space (94-149) 6th Grade Review 1 Systems Experimental Design 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Technology 2 Back 8 9 10 1. A system is … Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 3 • Two or more individual parts • Working together • Perform a function • Combine to form a whole Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 4 2. A subsystem is … Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5 a system that is a part of a another system Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 3. What is input? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 7 energy or information that flows into a system Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 8 4. What do you call energy or matter that leaves a system? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 9 Output Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 10 5. A type of system where energy and matter flow in and out is called… Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 11 An open system Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12 6. Describe a closed system Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 13 energy flows in and out, but matter stays constant Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 14 7. What is a system boundary? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 15 Sets the limits of the system to be studied Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 16 PLMS Science 17 8. What is the goal of science (scientists)? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 18 Answer questions about the natural world Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 19 9. What is the investigative question? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 20 It sets the purpose for the experiment Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 21 10. What is the hypothesis? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 22 A prediction of what will happen based on prior knowledge Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 23 11. What is a controlled variable? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 24 A variable that is purposely kept the same from trial to trial Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 25 12. Which variable is being purposefully changed? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 26 Manipulative or (independent) variable Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 27 13. What do you call the variable being measured and recorded? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 28 The responding (dependent) variable Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 29 14. What is a model and what is it used for? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 30 a simplified representation of a system – used to study the system Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 31 15. What is a scale model? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 32 A model where the sizes and distances are in proper proportion Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 33 PLMS Science 34 16.What is the goal of the engineers? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 35 The application of science to develop solutions for human needs (Technology) Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 36 17. What are the 7 steps in technological design? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 37 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Identify a need or problem Define the criteria for success Research scientific knowledge Brainstorm and select a solution Design, build and test Redesign Communicate solution Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 38 Nature of Light 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 41 ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Back 39 18. What is light? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 40 Light is a form of energy Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 41 19. When is light produced? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 42 Light is produced when energy changes from one form to another Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 43 20. When can light be seen? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 44 Light can only be seen when it interacts with matter Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 45 21. In what way does light travel and what happens to it as it goes? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 46 Light travels in straight lines As it goes, it spreads out and its brightness decreases Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 47 22. Described a transparent material? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 48 Let light rays pass without distortion Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 49 23. Describe a translucent material? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 50 transmits light, but diffuses it Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 51 24. Describe an opaque material? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 52 does not transmit light Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 53 25. What two things does light behave like? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 54 As a particle and as a wave Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 55 26. What is a particle of light called? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 56 A photon Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 57 27. What is color? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 58 The way our eyes perceive different wavelengths of light Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 59 28. Name the colors in the visible spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 60 Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 61 29. How is a wavelength measured? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 62 the distance along a straight line from one crest (peak) of the wave to the next crest Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 63 30. What is frequency? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 64 is the number of times each second that a crests pass a stationary checkpoint Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 65 31. What is amplitude? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 66 is the greatest distance of a crest (high point) or trough (low point) from the ray Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 67 32. Describe the relative frequency and wavelengths of ultraviolet, gamma and x-rays Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 68 short wavelengths and are high frequency Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 69 33. Describe the wavelength and frequency of microwaves and radio waves Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 70 Radio: Low frequency and long wavelengths Microwave: High frequency and short wave lengths Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 71 34. Describe white light Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 72 All colors mixed togther Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 73 35. What is black? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 74 No light Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 75 36. What is a spectra? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 76 the light waves produced from a light source Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 77 37. What is spectroscopy? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 78 is a way of seeing and studying the spectra of light emitted by an object Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 79 38. What is defraction? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 80 the splitting of light into its component colors Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 81 39. What do objects have color? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 82 they absorb some light and reflect others Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 83 40. What does a filter do? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 84 removes all colors except the color of the filter Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 85 41. What are the primary colors which can be mixed to form any color Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 86 Red, blue and green light Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 87 88 Catastrophic Events 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Back 89 42. How does the suns energy transfer to the Earth? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 90 It travels in electromagnetic waves (radiation) Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 91 43. Why does the Earth’s surface heat unevenly? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 92 Substances absorb and retain heat at different rates Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 93 44. What is an air mass? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 94 a body of air with the temperature and moisture characteristics of the land it formed over Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 95 45. What do you all the boundary between two air masses and what happens there Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 96 It is a called a front It is where storms form Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 97 46. What causes changes in barometric pressure? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 98 Rising air: lower pressure Falling air: higher pressure Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 99 47. What causes air in the atmosphere to move (wind)? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 100 Convection currents in the atmosphere Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 101 48. What type of pressure is required for cloud formation? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 102 Low pressure Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 103 49. What factors influence what type of clouds form? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 104 the temperature, pressure and humidity (moisture) Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 105 50. What happens in evaporation? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 106 Liquid turns into a gas Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 107 51. What do you call it when a gas turns into a liquid? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 108 Condensation Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 109 52. What is precipitation? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 110 When water gets too heavy to stay in the air and falls to the ground Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 111 53. Name the 5 layers of atmosphere from lowest to highest. Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 112 Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 113 54. What causes atmospheric pressure? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 114 The weight of the atmosphere pressing on the surfaces of the Earth Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 115 55. What happens in the atmosphere as the altitude rises? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 116 The air thins and the pressure decreases Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 117 56. In what layer of the atmosphere does weather occur? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 118 Troposphere Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 119 57. What causes currents deep in the ocean? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 120 Convection currents in the water Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 121 58. What causes surface currents? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 122 The direction of the prevailing wind Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 123 59. How do currents influence climate? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 124 by influencing the temperature and moisture of the air masses above them Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 125 126 60. What is an earthquake? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 127 A sudden release of energy from movement in the Earth’s Crust Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 128 61. What are the types of energy waves earthquake energy travels in? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 129 P-waves (push pull) S-waves (side to side) Surface (rolling) Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 130 62. What is a seismometer? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 131 an instrument that measures the motion of the ground Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 132 63. What is the focus? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 133 The place within the crust where the Earthquake actually happened Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 134 64. What is the epicenter? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 135 the point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 136 65. Describe the crust Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 137 thin, cool, brittle outermost layer of the earth Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 138 66. Describe the Mantle Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 139 Hot “Taffy-like” between the crust and the core Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 140 67. Describe the core Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 141 Hot metal Two layers Outer core: Liquid metal Inner core: Solid metal Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 142 68. What is plate tectonics? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 143 the theory that Earth’s crust is broken into plates that move Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 144 69. What is a fault? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 145 A crack in the Earth’s crust where there is evidence of movement Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 146 70. What is a divergent boundary? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 147 plate boundary is where plates move apart from each other Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 148 71. What happens at a transform boundary Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 149 Plates slide past each other Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 150 72. What is a convergent boundary? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 151 plate boundary is where plates move toward each other Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 152 73. Describe a subduction zone Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 153 a convergent boundary when one plate moves under another Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 154 74. Why do the plates move? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 155 Convection currents in the mantle push the plates Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 156 157 75. What do you call molten rock below the ground? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 158 magma Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 159 76. What is lava? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 160 Molten rock on the surface Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 161 77. What is viscosity? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 162 A liquid’s resistance to flow Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 163 78. Why do different types of volcanoes form? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 164 Viscosity of their magma Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 165 79. Describe a shield volcano Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 166 Gradual slopes Flowing eruptions Low viscosity magma Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 167 80. Describe a strato/composite volcano Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 168 Steep sides Violent eruptions High viscosity lava Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 169 81. Describe a cinder cone Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 170 Steep, loose sides Fountain like eruptions High viscosity magma Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 171 82. Describe is a pyroclastic flow Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 172 A large cloud of rock fragments, ash and gas that moves very fast Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 173 83. Describe a lahar Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 174 flowing mixture of water, rock, dirt and debris from an erupting volcano? Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 175 84. Where do volcanoes occur? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 176 Subduction zones Hotspots Diverging boundaries Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 177 85. What is an extinct volcano? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 178 not presently erupting and is not likely to erupt in the future Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 179 86. What is a dormant volcano? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 180 inactive, but is likely to erupt again in the future. Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 181 87. What type of rock forms when magma cools Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 182 Igneous Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 183 88. What type of igneous rock cools below the surface? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 184 Intrusive igneous rock Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 185 89. What is extrusive igneous rock? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 186 Igneous rock that cools quickly on the surface Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 187 90. How are metamorphic rocks formed? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 188 They undergo intense heat and pressure Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 189 91. How does sedimentary rock form? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 190 Compacted and cemented rock particles Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 191 92. What is weathering? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 192 The breaking down of rocks, soils and minerals over time Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 193 93. What is erosion Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 194 The transportation of weathered particles and dissolved materials Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 195 196 Earth in Space 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 197 Back ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & 94. In what type of rock are most fossils found? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 198 In sedimentary rock Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 199 95. Where are the newest rock layers – top or bottom? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 200 The newest rock layers are on top Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 201 96. Why are fossils important? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 202 They are record of past organisms They show how the environment has changed Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 203 cha 97. How what are three examples of the ways life has shaped the surface of the Earth? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 204 1. Changed the Earth’s atmosphere 2. Created new types of rocks 3. Helped weather of rocks Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 205 PLMS Science 206 98. Our sun and in one star in a much larger system called the…? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 207 In the Milky Way Galaxy Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 208 99. What causes one day on a planet? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 209 One rotation on its axis Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 210 100. What makes one year on a planet? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 211 When it travels one time around the Sun Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 212 101. How many degrees is the Earth’s axis tilted relative to it’s orbit? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 213 23.5 degrees Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 214 102. What causes the seasons? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 215 The Earth’s tilt relative to the Sun Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 216 103. What is the Equinox? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 217 When the poles of the Earth are equidistant from the sun (March and September) Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 218 104. What is a solstice? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 219 When one pole is pointed most toward the sun and the other is pointed most away from the sun (June and December) Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 220 105. How long does the moon take to go around the Earth one time? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 221 27.3 days Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 222 106. How long does it take for the moon to go through its phases? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 223 29.5 days Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 224 107. Why does the moon go through its phases? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 225 As the moon obits the Earth, more or less of the lit side can be seen from Earth Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 226 108. How do you know if the moon is waxing or waning? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 227 Waxing: lit side is on the right (b) Waning: lit side is on the left (d) Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 228 109. The main phases of the moon are… A B C D Answer E ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved F G H 229 A.New B.Waxing Crescent C.First Quarter D.Waxing Gibbous E. Full F. Waning Gibbous G.Third quarter H.Waning Crescent Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 230 110. How many degrees is the Moon’s orbit tilted compared to the Earth’s orbit? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 231 5˚ Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 232 111. Describe a solar eclipse Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 233 when the moon passes in front of the Sun, blocking the Sun’s light and causing a shadow to pass across the Earth Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 234 112. What is an annular eclipse? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 235 a solar eclipse when the moon is too far from Earth to cover the entire Sun Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 236 113. Describe a lunar eclipse Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 237 when the Earth blocks the Sun’s light causing a shadow to pass over the moon Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 238 114.What do you call the lighter outer part of the shadow during an eclipse? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 239 The penumbra Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 240 115. What is an umbra? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 241 the inner, darker part of the shadow during an eclipse Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 242 116. What is space weather? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 243 the conditions on the Sun’s surface and in space that effect the Earth’s atmosphere Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 244 117. What is a sunspot and what causes it? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 245 A relatively darker cooler region of the sun that emits charged particles Caused by intense magnetism Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 246 118. What is the solar wind? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 247 Charged particles coming from the sun Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 248 119. What is a solar flare? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 249 An explosion on the Sun’s surface that ejects large quantities of charges particles (CME) Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 250 120. What causes aurora (northern lights) Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 251 Charged particles from the sun cause the atmosphere to glow Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 252 121. What creates the Sun’s Energy and what elements are involved Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 253 Nuclear fusion reactions in the core Hydrogen is fused into Helium Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 254 122. What are the three defenses the Earth has from the harmful affects of the sun? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 255 Magnetic field: It deflects the charged particles Atmosphere: Absorbs and reflects harmful light Axis tilt: Prevents Sun from concentrating on one part Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 256 PLMS Science 257 123. What is an Astronomical Unit? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 258 The distance from the Earth to the Sun Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 259 124. Describe the Solar System Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 260 a star and all objects bound to that star by gravity Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 261 125. What are the three conditions an object must meet to be called a planet? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 262 • orbits a star • is rounded by its own gravity • has cleared its orbital path of other objects. Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 263 126. Name the planets, in order, from the Sun out Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 264 Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 265 127. What do you call a rocky object that orbits a planet? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 266 A moon Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 267 128. What is the name given to the first four planets - made of rock? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 268 Terrestrial Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 269 129. In what way is Earth unique among terrestrial planets? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 270 • It has oxygen in its atmosphere • Water exists in liquid, gas and solid form • Its crust is broken into plates that move Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 271 130. What are some common surface characteristics of the terrestrial planets? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 272 varied landscapes rocky surface erosion volcanism craters Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 273 131. What causes craters? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 274 Impacts from space objects Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 275 132. The last four planets are made mostly of gas and called… Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 276 Jovian Planets Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 277 133. What are common characteristics of jovian planets? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 278 Hydrogen and Helium atmosphere A high number of moons Rings Strong winds Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 279 134. Dwarf planets are just like planets except they… Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 280 Do not have a clear orbital path Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 281 135. What is special about a plutoid? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 282 It is a dwarf planet that orbits beyond Neptune Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 283 136. What is the Kuiper belt? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 284 A disc shaped region of icy bodies outside the orbit of Neptune Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 285 137. What is the Oort Cloud? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 286 A spherical shell of icy bodies surrounding the solar system Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 287 138. What is gravity? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 288 the force of attraction between any two objects that have mass Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 289 139. What two factors influence the strength of gravity? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 290 the mass of the objects and the distance between them Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 291 140. What is weight? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 292 a measure of the gravitational pull on an object Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 293 141. What is an orbit? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 294 A compromise between inertia and gravity that causes a curved path around an object Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 295 142. What is orbital velocity? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 296 the speed at which an object must travel in order to maintain orbit Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 297 143. What do you call a natural or artificial object that orbits another object? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 298 A satellite Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 299 144. What causes tides? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 300 The gravitational attraction of the Sun and the Moon pulling the waters of the Earth Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 301 145. Describe a neap tide Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 302 when the difference between high and low tides are the least and it occurs during first and third quarter moon Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 303 146. Describe a spring tide Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 304 when the difference between high and low tides are the greatest and it occurs during a new or full moon Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 305 147. What is an asteroid made of and where does it come from? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 306 An asteroid: Orbits a star Made of rock and metal Originate in the asteroid belt Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 307 148. What are comets made of, when do they have a tail and where do they come from? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 308 • They are made of ice, rock and dust • Their tail occurs when their orbit brings them close to the sun • They come from the Kuiper Belt and Oort cloud Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 309 149. What is a meteroid? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 310 Small rock fragments and debris in space Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 311 PLMS Science 312 6th and 7th grade things we cannot forget 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved Back 313 1. What are the 6 things all cells do? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 314 Breathe Consume food Eliminate waste Grow Reproduce Die Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 315 2. What is the main difference between a plant and animal cell? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 316 The rigidity of the cell walls Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 317 3. What happens in photosynthesis? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 318 the transformation of light energy into chemical energy Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 319 4. What is a Protozoa? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 320 a one celled organism that can move on its own Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 321 5. What are the divisions of the living organism classification system from largest to smallest? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 322 Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 323 6. What is a species? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 324 A group of individuals who can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 325 326 7. What is an ecosystem? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 327 an area that contains living and non-living factors Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 328 8. What is a food chain? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 329 a flow of energy from producers to consumers to decomposers Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 330 9. What is a food web? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 331 an overlapping network of food chains Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 332 10. What is Natural Selection? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 333 a process by which the organisms best suited to their environment tend to leave the most descendants Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 334 11. What is the most important factor in species survival? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 335 its ability to reproduce Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 336 337 12. In sexual reproduction, offspring are … Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 338 The combination of the chromosomes of the male and female parent Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 339 13. What is fertilization? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 340 When the chromosomes of the male and female combine Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 341 14. What are chromosomes? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 342 Structure built out of DNA that contain genes Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 343 15. What is a gene? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 344 A section of DNA that specifies a trait Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 345 16. What molecule contains the genetic code? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 346 DNA Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 347 348 17. What is this and what does it measure? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 349 Three beam balance Measures mass Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 350 18. The units for measuring mass are… Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 351 Grams Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 352 19. What is this piece of equipment called and what does it measure? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 353 Graduated cylinder Measures volume Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 354 20. What do you have to do to find the exact measurement in a graduated cylinder? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 355 Look at the bottom of the meniscus Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 356 21. What is the unit of measure for volume? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 357 Liters Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 358 22. What is the unit of measurement for length and distance? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 359 Meter Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 360 23. What is this piece of equipment called? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 361 A beaker Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 362 24. What is this piece of equipment called? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 363 Test tube Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 364 25. What is this piece of equipment called? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 365 An Erlenmeyer flask Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 366 26. What does the prefix “milli” mean? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 367 1/1000 or .001 Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 368 27. What does the prefix “centi” mean? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 369 1/100 or .01 Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 370 28. What does the prefix “deci” mean Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 371 1/10 or .1 Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 372 29. What does the prefix “deka” mean? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 373 10 Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 374 30. What does the prefix “hecto” mean? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 375 100 Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 376 31. What does the prefix “kilo” mean? Answer ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 377 1000 Choose Number ©2005-08 J.J. Burgard & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved 378