Download Skin Cancer Increasingly Common in Teens and Young Adults

Profile Sheet
Teacher: Mr. Hair
Class: Natural Science
Title: County Residents Seek to Block the Rise in Skin Cancer Rates
Primary Subject Area: Science
Outside Subject Area: Language Arts
Class Level: Honors Science
Grade Level: 11th
Adaptations for Student from a Non-Western Culture:
Through direct one-on-one conversation and questioning with the student, I will assess the
learner’s prior knowledge of the subject matter. I would ask the student if he/she feels that skin
cancer is a problem in his/her native culture, and I would ask if prevention methods are taught or
used. While circulating through the room during group discussions, I will ensure that the learner
is an active participant in the discussions, offering their ideas and insight for the solution. I will
model respect for the student’s culture. Should a teacher on staff be from the same cultural
background, I will ask that teacher to be a part of the Commission during the presentations.
Adaptations for ESOL Students:
Through direct one-on-one conversations and questioning – and with the assistance of a
translator – I will assess the learner’s prior knowledge of the subject matter. In group
discussions, the learner would benefit from peer tutoring. During oral presentations, the student
will work with a peer tutor during their portion of the presentation. Through the use of a
translator, the learner will be given the option to present their portion in their native language.
Title: County Residents Seek to Block the Rise in Skin Cancer Rates
Description of Student Roles & Problem Situation:
Students will act as two research groups from Teen Outreach Program and the School Health
Division of the Bay County Health Department. These groups shall report to Douglas Kent,
Administrator of the Bay County Health Department.
Title, Learner Characteristics,
Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
and
Learning Outcomes, Student Role & Problem Situation,
Meet the Problem Method
Teacher: Mr. Hair
Class: Natural Science
Title: County Residents Seek to Block the Rise in Skin Cancer Rates
Primary Subject Area: Science
Outside Subject Area: Language Arts
Class Level: Honors Science
Grade Level: 11th
Sunshine State Standards:
SC.912.N.4.1: Explain how scientific knowledge and reasoning provide an empirically-based
perspective to inform society's decision making.
Subject Area: NGSSS: Science
Strand: Nature of Science
Standard Number: SC.912.N.4
Standard 4: Science and Society: As tomorrows [sic] citizens, students should be able to
identify issues about which society could provide input, formulate scientifically
investigable questions about those issues, construct investigations of their questions,
collect and evaluate data from their investigations, and develop scientific
recommendations based upon their findings
Grade Level: 912
Learning Outcome: Given a rubric and the problem of a rise in skin cancer rates, students
will use the Internet to research the problem to find viable solutions to the problem with 75%
accuracy.
SC.912.N.4.2: Weigh the merits of alternative strategies for solving a specific societal problem
by comparing a number of different costs and benefits, such as human, economic, and
environmental.
Subject Area: NGSSS: Science
Strand: Nature of Science
Standard Number: SC.912.N.4
Standard 4: Science and Society: As tomorrows [sic] citizens, students should be able to
identify issues about which society could provide input, formulate scientifically
investigable questions about those issues, construct investigations of their questions,
collect and evaluate data from their investigations, and develop scientific
recommendations based upon their findings
Grade Level: 912
Patrick Hair
EPI 0004
Learning Outcome: Provided with a UV monitor, Saran Wrap™, and various sunscreen
brands, students will calculate the UV Index reduction rate for each of those lotions with
80% accuracy.
Learning Outcome: Provided with a UV monitor and various sun protection clothing,
students will calculate the UV Index reduction rate for those articles of clothing with 80%
accuracy.
LA.1112.4.3.1: The student will write essays that state a position or claim, present detailed
evidence, examples, and reasoning to support effective arguments and emotional appeals, and
acknowledge and refute opposing arguments
Subject Area: NGSSS: Reading/Language Arts
Strand: Writing Applications
Standard Number: LA.1112.4.3
Standard 3: Persuasive: The student develops and demonstrates persuasive writing that is
used for the purpose of influencing the reader.
Grade Level: 1112
Learning Outcome: After gathering and analyzing data regarding the rise in skin cancer
rates, students will write an informational report on their evaluations of a possible solution to
the problem, scoring a grade of at least “C” as per the rubric.
LA.1112.3.5.3: Sharing with others, or submitting for publication. [Note: This is the standard
as written.]
Subject Area: NGSSS: Reading/Language Arts
Strand: Writing Process
Standard Number: LA.1112.3.5
Standard 5: Publishing: The student will write a final product for the intended audience.
Grade Level: 1112
Learning Outcome: Provided a computer with Microsoft PowerPoint and a rubric, students
will create a presentation 12-15 minutes in length to show their test results, scoring a grade of
at least “C” as per the rubric.
Learner Characteristics of High School Students:
Physical: Most students reach physical maturity, and virtually all attain puberty.
Justification: This is an important characteristic since students will have a physical maturity but
may still be lacking in mental maturity. It is one thing to know that “skin cancer is bad;” it is
another thing entirely to understand why it is bad for you. Many TV shows popular with
teenagers depict tanned teens as being more attractive. As Snowman states, “Glandular changes
leading to acne may be a source of worry and self-consciousness to some students” (p. 98).
Students may seek deeper, darker tans in order to boost self-confidence.
Social: Parents and other adults are likely to influence long-range plans; peers are likely to
influence immediate status.
Justification: When it comes to advice on social issues, “the peer group is likely to have the
greatest influence” on teens (p. 100). If peers are encouraging others to engage in outdoor
Patrick Hair
EPI 0004
activities without regard for sun safety, teens may fail to use sun protection resulting in sun
damage to skin leading to an increased cancer risk. They need to understand the risks associated
with sunburns and be prepared for outdoor activities by regularly using sunscreen.
Social: Many high school students are employed after school.
Justification: This is important for two reasons. First, many local students are employed by
beach businesses, with some of these jobs being outdoors in the summer months, such as those at
water parks and miniature golf courses. Second, while the number of students working has been
dropping since the peak in 2000, there are a large number of non-working students who will go
to the beach on a regular basis during the summer as well as weekends during the school year. It
is imperative that both sets of students understand the risk of skin cancer so that they can take
measures to help prevent it while they are working or sunning at the beach.
Emotional: Many psychiatric disorders either appear or become prominent during adolescence.
Included among these are eating disorders, substance abuse, schizophrenia, depression, and
suicide.
Justification: This is an important characteristic due to the fact that recent studies have shown
that tanning can be addictive. The April 2010 issue of Archives of Dermatology (a journal
produced by the American Medical Association) suggests that “visitors of tanning booths show
behavior similar to that of substance abusers” (http://rt.com/news/sci-tech/tanning-addictslike-alcoholics/). A more recent study from the journal Addiction Biology claims that UV light
activates the addictive parts of the brain (http://abcnews.go.com/Health/SkinCare/tanningrehab-study-shows-uv-light-activates-addictive/story?id=14311249#.T63TYehYueY).
Having students perform their own research into the effects of skin cancer and its effects on
health may help teens not engage in the risky tanning behavior and encourage them to take
measures to help prevent skin cancer, such as regularly using sunscreen.
Cognitive: High school students become increasingly capable of engaging in formal thought, but
they may not use this capability.
Justification: The Snowman text encourages us to “take advantage of opportunities to show
students at these grade levels how they can function as formal thinkers” (p. 103). If these
students are allowed to conduct research on the effectiveness of sunscreen themselves, they may
be more likely to heed the results and increase their own usage of sunscreen when engaging in
outdoor activities.
Patrick Hair
EPI 0004
Description of Student Roles & Problem Situation:
Students will act as two research groups from Teen Outreach Program and the School Health
Division of the Bay County Health Department. These groups shall report to Douglas Kent,
Administrator of the Bay County Health Department.
Meet the Problem Method:
Students will receive the following memo from the Bay County Health Department and two
articles discussing the rise in skin cancer rates in young adults ages 18-39.
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Rick Scott
Governor
H. Frank Farmer, Jr., MD, PhD, FACP
State Surgeon General
MEMO
Date: May 7, 2012
To: Bonnie Steelman, Teen Outreach Program, and Kathy Soto, School Health Division
From: Douglas M. Kent, M.P.H, Administrator, COO
Subject: Skin Cancer Rates Rise for Young Adults
As you can see from the attached documentation, skin cancer rates are on the rise for young adults. Our
community is a tourist destination for teens and families, coming to our beautiful beaches for fun and
relaxation. Many of our area teens are employed by beach businesses, and many of those jobs require
that these employees spend an amount of time out of doors in the sun. Much of the damage diagnosed
in young adults occurred during their teen years.
Area beach businesses have asked for our help in finding a solution to aid their employees in protecting
themselves from the sun’s harmful effects.
It is therefore imperative that teens be provided information as to proper skin care when it comes to being
outdoors for extended periods of time. I need your groups to research this and report back to me. Your
possible solutions may be used in a Public Service Announcement set to run throughout the summer.
You have a budget of $500. I expect to hear back from you with results on May 21, 2012.
Patrick Hair
EPI 0004
Mayo Clinic Study Finds Dramatic Rise in Skin Cancer in
Young Adults
Researchers speculate indoor tanning bed use, childhood sunburns are key
culprits
Sunday, April 01, 2012
ROCHESTER, Minn. — Even as the rates of some cancers are falling, Mayo Clinic is seeing an
alarming trend: the dramatic rise of skin cancer, especially among people under 40. According to
a study by Mayo Clinic researchers published in the April issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, the
incidence of melanoma has escalated, and young women are the hardest hit.
TELECONFERENCE ALERT: Dr. Jerry Brewer will discuss the study and be available to
answer questions during a teleconference briefing Wednesday, March 28, at 1:30 p.m. CDT. To
receive call-in information for this briefing, please call 507-284-5005 or email
[email protected].
VIDEO ALERT: Additional audio and video resources, including excerpts from an interview
with Dr. Brewer will be available on the Mayo Clinic News Blog. The password is melanoma.
"We anticipated we'd find rising rates, as other studies are suggesting, but we found an even
higher incidence than the National Cancer Institute had reported using the Surveillance,
Epidemiology and End Result database, and in particular, a dramatic rise in women in their 20s
and 30s," says lead investigator Jerry Brewer, M.D., a Mayo Clinic dermatologist.
Researchers conducted a population-based study using records from the Rochester Epidemiology
Project, a decades-long database of all patient care in Olmsted County, Minn. They looked for
first-time diagnoses of melanoma in patients 18 to 39 from 1970 to 2009. The study found the
incidence of melanoma increased eightfold among young women and fourfold among young
men. The lifetime risk of melanoma is higher in males than females, but the opposite is true in
young adults and adolescents, Dr. Brewer says.
Researchers also found mortality rates from the disease have improved over the years, likely due
to early detection of skin cancer and prompt medical care.
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"People are now more aware of their skin and of the need to see a doctor when they see
changes," Dr. Brewer says. "As a result, many cases may be caught before the cancer advances
to a deep melanoma, which is harder to treat."
The researchers speculate that the use of indoor tanning beds is a key culprit in the rising cancer
rate in young women.
"A recent study reported that people who use indoor tanning beds frequently are 74 percent more
likely to develop melanoma, and we know young women are more likely to use them than young
men," Dr. Brewer says. Despite abundant information about the dangers of tanning beds, he
adds, young women continue to use them. "The results of this study emphasize the importance of
active interventions to decrease risk factors for skin cancer and, in particular, to continue to alert
young women that indoor tanning has carcinogenic effects that increase the risk of melanoma."
Janey Helland, of Mapleton, Minn., didn't think twice when tanning in high school and college.
"I used tanning beds to get ready for homecoming and prom," she says. "In college, I tanned
before a trip to Barbados because I didn't want to get sunburned." At age 21, Helland noticed an
abnormal spot on her leg. It was melanoma, and the diagnosis changed Helland's life. "I really
didn't know what my future was going to look like, or if I'd even have one."
Two years later, she is cancer-free and dedicated to educating others. "I would advocate that it's
better to be safe than sorry," she says. "My advice is to educate yourself and research the risk
factors."
Childhood sunburns and ultraviolet exposure in adulthood may also contribute to melanoma
development, the researchers say.
The study was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health. Other authors include Kurtis
Reed, M.D., Christine Lohse, Kariline Bringe, Crystal Pruitt, and Lawrence Gibson, M.D. all of
Mayo Clinic.
Patrick Hair
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Skin Cancer Increasingly Common in Teens and Young
Adults
MEDIA CONTACT: Ekaterina Pesheva
EMAIL: [email protected]
PHONE: (410) 502-9433
May 04, 2012
-May is Skin Cancer Month: Docs urge prevention in childhood to minimize lifetime risk
With summer just around the corner, pediatricians at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center are
sounding the alarm on a disturbing trend: A growing number of teenagers and young adults
diagnosed with skin cancer.
While unprotected sun exposure, indoor tanning and repeated sun burns at any age can all lead to
skin cancer, experts say, sun damage in childhood fuels a lifetime of risk.
During May — Skin Cancer Prevention and Detection Month — pediatric dermatologists are
reminding parents that childhood sun exposure is the most preventable risk factor for both
melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers.
“A burn at age 25 is not as damaging as a burn at the tender age of 4 so we have a critical
window in childhood to minimize life-time risk,” says Bernard Cohen, M.D., director of
pediatric dermatology at Hopkins Children’s.
Prevention among infants and children
Cohen advises the parents and other caregivers of young children to:

limit sun exposure to mornings and late afternoons when the sun is weaker

use broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher on the entire body and long-sleeved
clothing and wide-rim hats during any sun exposure

apply broad-spectrum sunscreen on all exposed areas year-round
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Prevention in teenagers and pre-teens
One group of particular concern are those between the ages of 12 and 18, whose relative
independence and fondness for tanning drive them to use indoor tanning beds and put them at
high risk for melanoma and other forms of skin cancer. Tanning beds are a constant threat,
Cohen warns. Classified as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization, tanning beds pack
more punch than the sun because they deliver more concentrated doses of UV radiation, Cohen
says.
Although many states and municipalities have passed laws requiring parental consent for minors
to use tanning beds, and other states have banned indoor tanning altogether, such laws are not
uniformly or tightly enforced, Cohen says.
Pediatricians, Cohen says, who have a captive audience of teenagers and parents during annual
well-child visits should make a point of discussing the dangers of indoor tanning and
irresponsible sun exposure. They also should perform full-body checks for suspicious moles and
teach patients and parents the “ABCD’s” of skin cancer detection: asymmetrical shape, border
irregularities, color changes and diameter growth.
Research conducted in the last 10 years has repeatedly shown a growing number of young adults
developing skin cancer. Most recently, a Mayo Clinic study found a six-fold jump in the rates of
melanoma — the deadliest form of skin cancer — among 18-to-39-year-olds over the last 40
years. Women had an eight-fold increase, compared with a four-fold increase in men. The
researchers attribute the gender difference to higher tan-seeking behaviors among young women,
including outdoor sun exposure and indoor tanning.
An earlier study, published in 2008 in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, found that the
incidence of melanoma in males increased from 4.7 per 100,000 in 1973 to 7.7 cases per 100,000
in 2004. The incidence among females jumped from 5.5 to 14 per 100,000.
REFERENCES
Johns Hopkins Medicine (2012, May 8). Skin cancer increasingly common in teens and young
adults. Johns Hopkins Children’s Center. Retrieved May 13, 2012, from
http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/Skin-Cancer-Increasingly-Common-in-Teens-andYoung-Adults.aspx
Mayo Clinic (2012, April 2). Mayo Clinic study finds dramatic rise in skin cancer in young
adults. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved May 13, 2012, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/news2012rst/6777.html
Patrick Hair
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Problem Statement, Need/Need to Know Boards, and
Possible Resources
Problem Statement:
How can we, as representatives for both the Teen Outreach Program and School Health Division
of the Bay County Health Department, determine possible methods of reducing skin cancer rates
in such a way that:
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We stay within our allotted budget of $500;
We present possible solutions by the May 21 deadline;
We devise practical solutions that address the issue of skin cancer prevention
We develop solutions that could possibly be notated within an Public Service
Announcement to be viewed by both locals and tourists alike
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Know/Need to Know Board:



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

What do we know?
Skin cancer is the most common
form of cancer in the U.S.
Skin cancer rates are on the rise
among people under 40
Women between 19-39 have shown
an eight-fold increase in melanoma
in the last 40 years
Men between 19-39 have shown a
four-fold increase in melanoma in
the last 40 years
Mortality rates from skin cancer
have improved over the years, likely
due to early detection of skin cancer
and prompt medical care
Burns earlier in life are more
damaging than burns later in life
Sun exposure is the most preventable
risk factor for both melanoma and
non-melanoma skin cancers
Sunscreen is key in the prevention of
skin cancer





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




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What do we need to know?
How much exposure to the sun is too
much?
What are some of the long-term effects of
skin cancer?
How much does skin cancer treatment
cost?
What severities of skin cancer exist?
What does skin cancer look like?
What types of early screening are
available?
Are the sun’s rays stronger at certain
times of the day than at other times?
Do we need to be protected on a cloudy
day?
Are certain skin types more susceptible to
skin cancer than others?
Does family history play a part in
determining one’s susceptibility to
getting skin cancer?
What does “SPF” mean and how is it
determined?
Are some sunscreens more effective than
others?
Do certain types of shirts and pants work
better than others in preventing skin
cancer?
Do sunglasses play a part in skin cancer
prevention?
How do we convey our findings to a large
group of people?
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Resources:
Printed Materials:
Melanoma: Prevention, Detection, and Treatment; Second Edition, Catherine M. Poole and
DuPont Guerry, IV, M.D., Yale University Press, ISBN-13: 978-0300107258
Sun Protection for Life: Your Guide to a Lifetime of Beautiful and Healthy Skin, Albert
Rosenthal and John F. Barrow, New Harbinger Publications, ISBN-13: 978-1572244191
Health Effects of Overexposure to the Sun, Environmental Protection Agency,
http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/doc/healtheffects.pdf
Facts About Skin Cancer in Florida, Environmental Protection Agency,
http://www.epa.gov/sunwise/doc/fl_facts_print.pdf
Non-print media:
Sun Smart U poster, Skin Cancer Foundation,
http://www.skincancer.org/Media/Default/File/File/Authenticate/SSU_poster.pdf
(available free to subscribers)
Skin cancer, video from the Skin Cancer Foundation, http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancerinformation/videos/skin-cancer-video
Skin cancer – How skin cancer develops, video from the Mayo Clinic,
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/melanoma/MM00657
Robert J. Siragusa, MD, Dermatology and Associates
Internet Resources:
American Cancer Society: http://www.cancer.org/
The Skin Cancer Foundation: http://www.skincancer.org/
Mayo Clinic Site on Skin Cancer: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/skin-cancer/DS00190
Mayo Clinic Site on Melanoma: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/melanoma/DS00439
National Cancer Institute: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/skin
U.S. National Library of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/skincancer.html
Centers for Disease Control: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/
National Council on Skin Cancer Prevention: http://www.skincancerprevention.org/
Patrick Hair
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Capstone Performance
Capstone Performance Description:
The capstone performance for the problem contains two (2) parts: an individual report from each
student and an oral group presentation from the research team. Students will be assessed
individually on both their individual reports and for their role in the group presentation. Separate
rubrics will exist for both the individual report and for the group presentation. Each research
team will be provided two weeks to prepare their oral group presentation. Each group will be
allowed 15-20 minutes to present their possible solution(s) to the problem of reducing skin
cancer rates.
In the individual report, the student will assume the role of a researcher from one of two research
groups of the Bay County Health Department. In this report, each student will provide two
feasible solutions to the problem. They also will provide at least four justifications as to why he
or she is recommending one solution over the other.
The research team (a group of four students) will read the individual reports of the other team
members. The group will then choose the overall “best” solution. The group may decide instead
to combine portions of multiple solutions from the individual reports to create a “best” solution.
During the group presentation, one student will provide the research team’s overall “best”
solution. After the “best” solution is offered, the other team members will speak, with each
member providing one justification for why the team chose this particular solution. This will
include describing how the solution addresses the cause of the problem and detailing the
feasibility of implementing the solution. Each team member must participate in the presentation.
Distinguished guests will include a Commission from the Bay County Health Department
comprised of a group of parents and administrators, faculty, and staff from the school. If
scheduling permits, Mr. Doug Kent, Administrator and COO of the Bay County Health
Department, will play his role as the official who initiated the inquiry and will lead the
Commission. Should he not be able to attend, one of the guests will be asked to play that role.
Members of the Commission will be prepared to ask research team members from each
presenting group a question regarding their presentation and/or their solution.
The room will be arranged in such a way as the research team stands at the front of the room.
They will be provided a laptop computer, speakers, and projector for their presentation should
they need it, as well as a white board and easel. Sitting about 10 feet from the presentation area
will be the Commission. The remainder of the class will sit in their desks behind the
Commission.
Student autonomy is incorporated as the individual student chooses which justification they will
present in the oral group presentation. They will have to answer questions asked of them by the
Commission. Metacognition is encouraged as each student will complete a “reflection”
questionnaire after the group presentation.
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Room Layout for Presentations:
Front of room
White board / projector screen / easel for charts and posters
Group presenters
(with laptop and speakers)
Guest Table for Commission
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Rubric for Assessing the Capstone Performance
Rubric for Individual Written Report
Criteria
Alignment to
Problem
Statement
Superior
25 points
Each solution must align
with all conditions stated in
the problem statement
Content
Accuracy
20 points
All reference information
presented is cited using
proper APA Standards and
is 100% accurate
Required
Components
50 points
Acting within their
assigned role as a
researcher, student report
contains:
a) The group’s
problem statement
b) A written
explanation of the
strategies in testing
various possible
solutions to the
problem
c) Calculations
showing UV
protection ratings
d) Two different
solutions with one
chosen as “best,”
providing four
justifications for
choosing the “best
solution”
5 points
Report contains no
grammatical errors
(spelling, capitalization,
punctuation, subject/verb
agreement
Mechanics
Adequate
20 points
One solution aligns
with all conditions;
the other aligns with
all but one condition
15 points
All reference
information presented
is cited using proper
APA Standards and is
80% to 99% accurate
20 points
Acting within their
assigned role as a
researcher, the student
report is missing one
of the criteria for
“Superior”
– OR –
Provides only one
solution to the
problem with four
justifications for why
this is the “best
solution”
Unacceptable
5 points
Neither solution aligns
with all conditions
3 points
Report contains 2-3
grammatical errors
1 point
Report contains more
than 3 grammatical
errors
5 points
All reference
information presented
is cited using proper
APA Standards and is
less than 80% accurate
5 points
Acting within their
assigned role as a
researcher, the student
report is missing more
than one of the criteria
for “Superior”
– OR –
Provides only one
solution to the problem
with less than four
justifications for why
this is the “best
solution”
Scoring Guide:
A: 80-100
Patrick Hair
B: 60-79
C: 40-59
D: 20-39
F: 0-19
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Rubric for Oral Presentations
Criteria
Delivery
(Verbal)
Delivery
(Non-Verbal)
Organization
(Graphics may
be multimedia,
such as
PowerPoint
slides, or
graphics on
card stock,
images on an
overhead
projector, etc.)
Length/Time
Question and
Answer
Session
Mechanics
Scoring Guide:
A: 74-90
Superior
15 points
Modulation,
pronunciation, and
pitch are clear at
least 90% of the
time
Voice volume can
be heard in the
back of the room
100% of the time
15 points
Maintains eye
contact with
audience at least
80% of the time
Neither leans on
podium nor stands
with hands in
pockets during
presentation
Adequate
10 points

 Modulation,
pronunciation, and
pitch are clear 75% 89% of the time
– OR –

 Voice volume can
be heard in the back
of the room at least
90% of the time
10 points

 Maintains eye
contact with
audience between
50% and 79% of the
time

– OR –
 Leans on podium or
stands with hands in
pockets during
presentation
25 points
15 points
Student portion of
Student portion of
presentation provides:
presentation provides is
 At least one graphic lacking at least one of
the criteria necessary for
 Heading on each
Superior.
graphic presenting
the topic and
presenters
 Justification being
discussed by the
student on each
graphic
15 points
Student portion of
presentation lasts 3-4
minutes
3 points
Student portion of
presentation is either
over or under the
allotted time by two
minutes or less
15 points
7 points
Student correctly
Student correctly
answers questions from answers questions from
Commission providing Commission providing
at least two verifiable
one verifiable reference
references
5 points
3 points
Graphics contain no
Graphics contain 2-3
grammatical errors
grammatical errors
(spelling,
capitalization,
punctuation,
subject/verb
agreement)
B: 57-73
C: 40-56
D: 23-39
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


Unacceptable
5 points
Modulation,
pronunciation, and
pitch are clear less
than 75% of the time
– OR –
Voice volume can be
heard in the back of
the room less than
90% of the time
5 points
Maintains eye
contact less than 50%
of the time
– OR –
Leans on podium and
stands with hands in
pockets during
presentation
5 points
Student portion of
presentation provides is
lacking at least two of the
criteria necessary for
Superior.
1 point
Student portion of
presentation is either
over or under the allotted
time by more than two
minutes
3 points
Student either incorrectly
answers questions or fails
to provide verifiable
references to answers
1 point
Graphics contain more
than 3 grammatical errors
F: 0-22
Two Alternative Solutions and “Best” Solution Analysis
Solution One:
We as researchers for the Teen Outreach Program believe that the solution to the rise in skin
cancer rates in young adults is the use of broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 that
provides both UVA and UVB protection. Studies indicate that the proper use of sunscreen will
reduce the chance of sunburn. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) numbers indicate how long it
will take for UVB rays to redden skin when using sunscreen compared to how long you would
redden without the product. For example, a teen using a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 will take
15 times longer to redden than they would without the sunscreen. An SPF of 15 screens
approximately 93% of the sun’s UVB rays; an SPF of 30 screens approximately 97%. However,
UVA rays penetrate the skin more deeply, damages the inner skin, and plays a major role in skin
aging and wrinkling. Also, an SPF number pertains only to a sunscreen’s effectiveness against
UVB radiation. It is therefore important to inform the County’s teens on the benefits of using
broad-spectrum sunscreens that provide protection from both UVA and UVB radiation.
Pros
Sunscreen is a low-cost alternative.
Sunscreen can provide protection from both
UVA and UVB radiation.
Sunscreen is effective when used properly.
Sunscreen will allow those who burn easily the
opportunity to enjoy outdoor activities.
Cons
Sunscreens with higher SPF ratings are more
expensive than those with lower SPF ratings
and do not block significantly more UV
radiation.
Not all sunscreens protect against both types of
UV radiation. Consumers must be vigilant in
buying the proper sunscreen.
Studies show that most people do not use the
proper amount of sunscreen with applying the
product.
Sunscreens can be sticky and can stain some
clothing.
Consequences:
1. Proper sunscreen usage now will provide short-term protection from painful sunburns to
teens working out of doors for local businesses.
2. Proper sunscreen now and later in life will provide long-term protection from skin cancer
to teens as they get older.
Solution Two:
We as researchers for the School Health Division believe that the solution to the rise in skin
cancer rates in young adults is the use of UV-protection clothing, specifically those that carry a
UPF rating of 15-50+. Clothing is rated with either a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) rating or a
similar Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) rating, except that UPF number gauges a fabric’s
effectiveness against both UVA and UVB rays. While all fabrics disrupt some degree of UV
radiation, some individuals, such as children, those with fair skin, or those spending extended
times on or near reflective surfaces, can benefit from wearing clothing that carries a UPF rating.
Clothing with a UPF rating of 30 allows only 1/30th of the UV radiation to reach the skin.
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EPI 0004
Similarly, a UPF rating of 50 allows only 1/50th of the UV radiation to reach the skin. It is
therefore important to inform the County’s teens on the benefits of wearing UPF-rated clothing.
Pros
UPF-rated clothing offers protection from both
UVA and UVB radiation.
UPF-rated clothing is readily available.
UPF-rated clothing can be washed and worn
again.
UPF-rated clothing is typically light-weight
will allow those who burn easily the
opportunity to enjoy outdoor activities
Cons
Only clothing with a UPF rating of 15-50+
may be labeled as “sun-protective.”
UPF-rated clothing may not be as trendy as
non-UPF-rated clothing and may not be
available in the styles and colors preferred.
Over time, the effectiveness of the washed,
stretched UPF-rated garment will decrease,
requiring a new garment to be purchased.
All fabrics disrupt UV radiation to some
degree, with untreated denim having a UPF
rating of 1700
Consequences:
1. Clothing with a UPF rating of 15-50+ will provide short-term protection from painful
sunburns to teens working out of doors for local businesses.
2. Clothing with a UPF rating of 15-50+ will provide long-term protection from skin cancer
to teens as they get older.
Justification:
Best Solution: The best solution is to wear clothing with a UPF-rating of 15-50+ with a “sunprotective” label while also applying sunscreen with an SPF 30 rating to those exposed areas of
skins, such as the face, neck, and hands, especially between the hours of 10:00am and 4:00pm
when the sun’s rays are most intense. This solution will be of the greatest benefit to fair-skinned
individuals with Type I and Type II skin types, as determined by the FDA. At the very least,
teens should apply sunscreen and wear a large-brimmed hat while working in the sun.
Sunscreen is a proven effective method for protecting the skin from the effects of ultraviolet
radiation, and newer sunscreens offer protection from both UVA and UVB radiation. However,
while sunscreens may be seen as a cheaper alternative to UPF-rated clothing, the actual cost
increases when sunscreen is used properly. To ensure the proper SPF, you should apply about 1
ounce – about a shot-glass full – 30 minutes before exposure to the sun. It should be re-applied
every two hours – sooner, if you have been swimming, sweating, or have toweled off.
Therefore, an 8 ounce bottle of sunscreen will last one person perhaps two full days at the beach.
With UPF-rated clothing, there is no sunscreen to apply, so you never need to know if you’re
applying the correct amount, nor is it necessary to worry about reapplying every two hours or
after swimming. There is a variety of UPF-rated clothing available, from swim shirts, swim
suits, and wraps to cargo shorts, slacks, and both short- and long-sleeve shirts.
Many will argue that this solution will be cost-prohibitive. Unfortunately, it is a necessary cost.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that just a few serious sunburns
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can increase a child’s risk for developing skin cancer later in life. According to the National
Cancer Institute, the estimated total direct cost associated with the treatment of melanoma in
2010 was $2.36 billion in the United States. More than 3.5 million skin cancers in more than 2
million people are diagnosed in the United States annually. It is estimated that 1 in 5 Americans
will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. Fortunately, most of our local beach businesses
provide sunscreen and hats to its employees, so for these teens, it will merely be a matter of
educating them on the proper use methods of sunscreen application and a reminder to wear the
hat.
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Debriefing Plan and Coaching Questions
Debriefing Plan:
All research teams will present their findings to both the Commission from the Bay County
Health Department and to the other research teams. This will allow all students to hear all
possible solutions. The teacher shall record the characteristics of each proposed “best solution.”
The characteristics of each “best solution” will be provided on the white board in the room as
well as provided via handout to each student. Each research team will rate each “best solution”
based on the following rating system:
Team
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Points
Awarded
50
40
30
20
10
5
1
The two solutions receiving the most points will be examined and reviewed by the entire class.
The teacher will ask if there is a way to combine the top two solutions to create one overall “best
solution.” Through classroom discussion, students will reach consensus on which parts of the
two solutions to use for the combined “best solution.” These will be written in a bullet list by the
teacher on the white board for all the students to see.
Five Essential Concepts:
In order to be considered as accurate, the “best solution” must include the following five
concepts. This includes explaining how each of these areas relates to the problem.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Solution identifies the dangers of skin cancer
Solution contains justification for the problem via studies reviewed and compared
Solution provides proper application of either sunscreen or sun-protective garments
Data provides any possible negative consequences of proposed solution
Solution uses age-appropriate language
Coaching activities will be utilized to ensure that these essential concepts are addressed,
regardless of whether or not they are addressed during discussions or during presentations. The
teacher shall include the use of KWL charts throughout the research stage of the PBL to ensure
that these essential are covered. The teacher will speak informally with the students, asking
questions to assess student progress, and providing meaningful feedback to students. Students
must include correct calculations of effectiveness of sunscreens and sun-protective clothing. The
teacher, therefore, shall model the proper usage of the UV monitor along with the method used
for calculating SPF/UPF values.
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Coaching Questions:
Type of
Question Questions
Meet the Problem
What was your role in this problem?
C
What did you already know about skin cancer?
M
How realistic is this problem?
E
Know / Need to Know Board
Where would you go to find more information about skin
C
cancer, its effects, and its prevention methods?
What else would you investigate that may be related to
M
this problem?
Is it necessary to find all of the answers to all of the
E
“Need to Know” questions?
Problem Statement
Are either sunscreens or sun-protective garments
C
regulated by a government agency?
Does everyone in your group agree?
M
What conditions can you determine are necessary in
E
order to reach a “best solution?”
Research
What types of calculations or measurements will the
C
group need to do for this problem?
Now that you have more facts about skin cancer, does
M
this change the way you think about protecting yourself
from the sun’s ultraviolet rays?
Why is that important?
E
Generating Possible Solutions
What scientific evidence do you have that backs up your
C
solution?
Why do you think Solution 1 is better than Solution 2?
M
Explain your reasoning.
How certain are you that this solution works for
E
everyone? On what do you base your reasoning?
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EPI 0004