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Year 5 Achievement standard By the end of Year 5, students begin to pose meaningful questions that can be investigated and become aware of different inquiry methods (eg fair test, survey, secondary sources). They begin to recognise that changing, measuring and keeping some variables the same are part of a fair test. They observe, measure and record data honestly and begin to use tools to make accurate observations and measurements. They recognise simple patterns in data and begin to use data to support explanations, comparing results with any earlier predictions. With assistance, they reflect on broad aspects of their investigation process. They recognise, describe and give simple explanations for a range of cause-and-effect relationships and interactions within systems (eg the role of micro-organisms, form and properties of materials, the solar system). They begin to have an understanding of the properties of electricity and start to consider the microscopic structure of materials. They suggest ways in which science has affected society (eg work, health, leisure and space exploration). They understand that scientists collaborate, solve problems and share their findings and they are able to describe in simple terms the work of at least one Australian scientist. SCIENCE INQUIRY SKILLS YEAR 5 SCIENCE AS A HUMAN ENDEAVOUR YEAR 5 SCIENCE UNDERSTANDING YEAR 5 1. Nature of science 1. Questioning and predicting Identify simple questions that can be investigated scientifically and predict the outcome of an investigation (S5SIS1) discussing in groups possible situations to investigate using similar situations encountered in the past in order to decide what may happen in a new situation sharing ideas about what may be predicted to happen, and why 2. Investigation methods Contribute to decisions about the investigation method to use, including using fair tests, models, information research, surveys and data from secondary sources (S5SIS2) experiencing a range of ways of discovering information and ideas relating to science, including the internet and text-based research understanding how models can be used to represent scientific ideas, and constructing physical models to demonstrate an aspect of scientific understanding 3. Fair testing Identify the variables that should be kept the same and decide which one should be changed and which one measured in fair tests (S5SIS3) discussing in groups how their investigations can be made to be as fair as possible using the idea of an independent variable (not needing to use this terminology) as something that is being investigated by changing it and measuring the Science ideas and understandings change as new evidence becomes available (eg how ideas about disease and the solar system have developed) (S5SHE1) understanding that conclusions are drawn based on evidence presented and that the addition of new evidence may change the conclusions drawn investigating how ideas for new synthetic materials became possible based on developing understandings about the properties of various materials researching the impact of the microscope on the discovery of microorganisms and the influence of their discovery on our understanding of disease and on our ideas about healthy practices (eg personal hygiene and medical sanitation) researching how space exploration and new technologies have changed our understanding of the solar system (eg the discovery of a new planet, information about conditions on the moon and planets) 2. Influence of science Science has led to changes in the way people live and its applications both influence and can be influenced by personal and community choices (eg in relation to public health, electricity usage) (S5SHE2) 1. Micro-organisms The role of micro-organisms in areas such as human health, food and the environment (S5SU1) 2. Space and our solar system The regular and predictable motions of objects in our solar system and how humans have sought to explore and understand space (S5SU2) researching to find out who discovered microorganisms and the way our understanding of microorganisms has been applied to various aspects of our lives (eg food technology, public health measures, personal hygiene, medical science, waste decomposition) investigating the way electricity and electrical researching to find out what micro-organisms are and where they are found investigating how micro-organisms may be beneficial (making food, breaking down waste) or harmful (causing food to go mouldy, causing disease) making observations of moulds that grow on common food items, the effects they have on food and identifying conditions that affect the growth of mould identifying the role that decomposers play in the environment investigating the use of telescopes, satellites and rockets in space exploration identifying the planets of the solar system, recognising that they all orbit the sun and that one complete orbit is known as a year for that particular planet using models to investigate how day and night relate to the earth spinning on its axis and to explain why the sun appears to move across the sky each day 3. Form and properties of materials Some materials are composed of observable structure or parts (such as fibres, crystals, layers or grains) and structure or smaller parts can influence the overall properties of materials effect of this change understanding how changes in other variables can affect investigations and why these need to be kept the same during an investigation appliances have changed the way we live and how we make choices about the use of electricity, personally and as a community (S5SU3) 3. Collaboration in science 4. Using equipment Collaboratively select equipment and materials and use them safely and appropriately, identifying potential risks (S5SIS4) Teams of scientists are often required to work together on projects (eg in medical science, space exploration) (S5SHE3) discussing possible hazards involved in conducting investigations, and how these risks can be reduced 5. Observing and measuring Use a range of tools to accurately observe, measure and record data and represent it in a variety of ways including tables and graphical methods, using ICT where appropriate (S5SIS5) using familiar tools such as rulers, weighing scales and watches to measure objects and events in investigations adding information to previously constructed tables, graphs and spreadsheets using familiar units such as grams, seconds and metres and developing the use of derived units such as kilograms and millimetres Australian scientists have made a significant contribution to scientific understanding in various fields of human endeavour (eg in medicine, space exploration) (S5SHE4) 6. Analysing results Identify and describe patterns or relationships in observations and data (S5SIS6) identifying similarities and differences in qualitative data in order to group items and/ or materials describing simple cause-and-effect relationships as shown by trends in numerical data recognising that in order to solve problems we employ teams of scientists and other specialists for particular purposes understanding that scientists develop specialised skills and knowledge, and that often teams of scientists are required to work together on projects (eg in developing new food products; in medical science) researching the different types of scientists who work in teams in space exploration (eg geologists, astrophysicists, engineers, biologists) 4. Contribution of scientists researching the roles of Sir Alexander Fleming, Dr Ernst Chain and Dr Howard Florey in the discovery, development and mass production of the antibiotic penicillin exploring institutions and locations where contemporary Australian scientists conduct scientific research relating to microorganisms or electricity (eg CSIRO) researching Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander scientists and their contributions researching Australia’s involvement in space exploration (eg the role of the Parkes Observatory in the Apollo 11 mission to the moon) 7. Developing explanations Compare observations and data with predictions and use as evidence in developing explanations (S5SIS7) sharing ideas as to whether observations match or do not match predictions, and discussing possible reasons if predictions are not found to be correct 8. Communicating 5. Science and culture Science and culture interact to influence personal and community choices (eg in making decisions about health and medicine) (S5SHE5) investigating choices made by people in many cultures to use natural remedies, with or without modern medical science, to manage their health observing that materials are composed of parts, some of which may not be visible with the naked eye but may be visible with a magnifying glass (eg hair, wool, paper, minerals) describing the observable parts and structure of common materials in grouping them testing materials composed of different parts and drawing conclusions about the influence of the smaller parts or structure on the overall properties of a material investigating materials chosen for certain properties and examining them to see if those materials have similar structure or smaller parts 4. Electricity Electrical energy can be transferred and transformed (S5SU4) investigating electrical circuits as a means of transferring electrical energy to produce light, heat and sound investigating conductivity and recognising that electricity is conducted through materials known as conductors and that it will not travel through materials known as non–conductors (insulators) understanding that the transformation of energy refers to the changing of energy from one form to another (eg electrical energy can be changed to heat energy) representing simple electrical circuits by diagrams and conventional symbols Use a range of forms to represent and communicate evidence, ideas and explanations including using models and reports (S5SIS8) using labelled diagrams, including cross-sectional representations, to communicate their ideas and knowledge using a variety of written and spoken text types, including information reports, explanations, arguments, debates and procedural recounts to communicate science ideas making physical models, either individually or in groups, to represent scientific ideas 9. Reflecting on methods Reflect on the process of investigation to evaluate the quality of evidence and to suggest improvements to the planning of investigations (S5SIS9) comparing results with others to get an idea of the reliability of the results describing positive and negative aspects of investigations and working collaboratively to suggest improvements to the methods used researching the influence of Chinese medicine and natural remedies from a range of cultures on people's personal health decisions and on Western medical science investigating choices of materials in the production of various technologies of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples researching how different cultures explain day and night, particularly the movement of the Sun