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The Conservative Resurgence The Conservative Movement Grows 2 Views: Conservative & Liberal CONSERVATIVE LIBERAL Republican - Right Democrats - Left Wanted less government and less regulations. Believe that the governement should be active in peoples lives. Traditional Values Social Programs Believe that taxes needed to be cut and affirmative action went too far. Believe that there needs to be more regulations. The Conservative Movement & Reagan Election of 1980: Jimmy Carter vs. Ronald Reagan Moral Majority – Religious and political group fighting to get fundamentalist Christians to condemn liberal attitudes and embrace conservative values. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The Conservative Resurgence The Reagan Revolution Reaganomics Guides the Economy 1. Budget Cuts a. Downsized the federal government. b. Cut government spending on social programs. 2. Tax Cuts a. Lower Taxes = More Money = More Spending. b. Would create Supply-side economics. 3. Increased Defense Programs a. Star Wars Program b. Strategic Defense Initiative Conservative Strength Grows Reagan and Bush appointed several conservative Reagan – Bush: justices to the Supreme Court. Reagan appointed Supreme Court Sandra Day O’Connor, the first woman to Nominations the court. Reagan nominated Justice William Rehnquist, the most conservative justice on the court at the time, to the position of Chief Justice. Conservative Victories in ’84 & ‘88 Mondale nominated Geraldine Ferraro as 1984 Election – Ronald Reagan vs. his V.P. candidate, but Reagan and Bush Walter Mondale maintained their popularity and won in a landslide. 1988 Election – George Bush vs. Michael Dukakis Most voters saw little reason for change and Bush won easily. Bush stated, “Read my lips: no new taxes!” – but…he raised taxes. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The Conservative Resurgence The End of the Cold War Reagan Challenges Communism Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union and initiated a series of peace talks with the US. Gorbachev advocated glasnost and perestroika for the Soviet Union. Gorbachev’s new policies led to massive changes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Perestroika – Economic and bureaucratic restructuring. Glasnosts – Openness in discussing social problems. The Cold War Ends Gorbachev reduced the number of Soviet troops in Eastern Europe and allowed non-communist parties to organize in satellite nations. On Nov. 9, 1989, the greatest symbol of the Cold War, the Berlin Wall, was taken down. East German border guards stood by and watched as Berliners pounded away with hammers at the despised wall. Other European nations adopted democratic reforms and withdrew from the Soviet bloc. Historical Significance: The collapse of the Soviet Union and Eastern European satellites resulted in a formal end to the Cold War. Trouble in the Middle East This affair tarnished Reagan’s reputation. The US sold weapons to IRAN-CONTRA Iran in exchange for Iran’s promise to pressure terrorist groups in AFFAIR Lebanon to release American hostages. The plan did NOT work, and it contradicted administration’s policy of refusing to negotiate with terrorists. The administration used the money from the sale to fund the Contras in Nicaragua, despite the fact that Congress had banned sending funds to the Contras. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The Conservative Resurgence Foreign Policy after the Cold War A New Role in the World George Bush sent more than 12,0000 US troops into WAR ON Panama and arrested Panama’s dictator Manuel Noriega. DRUGS Noriega was convicted of several charges of drug trafficking and sentenced to 40 years in prison. TIANANMEN SQUARE In China, students were protesting the communist government and promoting ideas of democracy. The Chinese government sent the tanks out into Beijing and killed hundreds of protestors and crushed the demonstrations. A CHANGE IN SOUTH AFRICA The South African government was controlled by whites, who used an oppressive system of rigid segregation known as apartheid. Antiapartheid leader Nelson Mandela had been imprisoned from 1962 to 1990. The world pressured South Africa to end apartheid. When Mandela was released he pushed to bring democradcy to his country. South Africa elected Mandela as their leader in 1994 in the country’s first free elections. The Persian Gulf War OPERATION DESERT STORM In Aug. 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait. The US received support from the United Nations and 700,000 troops were deployed to Iraq (500,000 of which were American forces). This invasion was called Operation Desert Storm. Death Toll The UN and coalition forces compelled Iraqis: 25,000 Iraq to leave Kuwait, but would not continue on to Baghdad, to topple Americans: 148 Saddam Hussein regime.