Download Poem terms

文库下载 免费文档下载
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/
本文档下载自文库下载网，内容可能不完整，您可以点击以下网址继续阅读或下载：
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.html
Poem terms
Poetical Terms
Ⅰ. Forms of Poetry Based on themes
THEME: the basic concept or attitude of a poem. In summing up your reaction to a poem
you may usually employ the term “theme” to describe the idea of message which your
mind has abstracted from the imaginative experience the poem has presented you.
NARRATIVE: a poem that tells a story.
EPIC: a long narrative poem in the grand style, often praising heroic adventures.
BALLAD: originally a song for dancers; then in mediaeval times a simple poem with
a short stanzas telling a story.
NATURE POETRY: a poem that describes natural landscape.
DREAM POETRY: a poem that tells of a dream.
LYRIC: a poem in which the poet writes about his thoughts and feelings. The basic
type is the song, but we use the term to cover all poems that present the poet’s
immediate response to life, including sonnets, odes, and elegies.
ELEGY: a poem of mourning for someone who is dead.
文库下载 免费文档下载
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/
://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.htmlarODE: a poem originally
to be sung, but now a grand lyric poem often in praise of someone or something. PASTORAL:
originally a poem dealing with the life of shepherds. It presents a peaceful, rural
world far removed from the corruption of contemporary life.
IDYLL: a short, descriptive, usually sentimental poem, often with a pastoral theme.
DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE: a poem in which an imaginary speaker addresses an audience.
ALLEGORY: a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent
abstract ideas or moral qualities.
Ⅱ. Patterns of poetry
1. RHYTHM: it means the flow or movement of a line, whether it goes fast of slow,
calm or troubled. METER is formal rhythm in lines of verse. The verse line is divided
into feet which contains different rhythm and stresses. FOOT refers to a unit of sound
in
verse,
in
which
there
is
one
stressed
(accented)
syllable,
marked
/,http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.html and one or more
unstressed syllables, marked∪. These are the names for the different kinds of feet.
IAMB (iambic)∪/; TROCHEE(trochaic)/∪; ANAPEST∪∪/; DACTYL/∪∪; SPONDEE//. The
commonest English meter is the IAMBIC PENTAMETER, with five iambs or iambic feet.
Other
meters
include
MONOMETER,
DIMETER,
TRIMESTER,
TETRAMETER,
HEXAMETER(alexandrine), HEPTAMETER, OCTAMETER. The analysis of verse in terms of
meter is called SCANSION.
2. RHYME: two or more words with the same sound, extending from the last fully stressed
vowel to the end of the word, e.g. “hill” and “still”, “follow” and “hollow”.
There are different kinds of rhyme:
a. END RHYME occurs at the end of lines;
文库下载 免费文档下载
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/
b. INTERNAL RHYME occurs within lines;
c. MASCULINE or STRONG RHYME is a single stressed syllable—“hill” and “still”;
d. FEMININE or WEAK RHYMES are two rhyming syllables, a stressed one followed by an
unstressed
one—“hollow”
and
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.html“follow”;
e. EYE RHYME or courtesy rhyme: words spelt alike but not actually rhyming—“love”
and “prove”;
f. IMPERFECT RHYMES or partial/slant/near/off rhymes: words which
do not quite rhyme so produce a sense of discordance—“soul” and “wall”;
g. HALF-RHYMES: repetition of the same consonant sound before and after different
vowels—“groaned” and “groined”.The conventional method of referring to the
rhyme scheme of a poem is to work through the alphabet, assigning the same letter
to the lines that rhyme.
BLANK VERSE: unrhymed poetry, but a much disciplined verse form in that each line
is iambic pentameter.
FREE VERSE: poetry written in irregular lines and without any regular meter.
STANZA: a verse paragraph or a group of verse lines with a rhyme scheme, such as a
COUPLET(two lines), TRIPLET/terza rima(three lines), QUATRAIN/BALLAD STANZA(four
lines),
SESTET
(sis
lines),
OCTAVE
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.htmllines),
(eight
SPENSERIAN
STANZA(nine lines), SONNET (fourteen lines).
SONNET: a poem of 14 lines with a fixed form. In PETRARCHEN (Italian) sonnet the first
eight lines (the octave) have a rhyme scheme of abbaabba and the next six lines (the
文库下载 免费文档下载
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/
sestet) rhyme cdecde. The SHAKESPEAREAN sonnet consists of three quatrains and a
couplet and is in iambic pentameter. The
rhymes are abab cdcd efef gg.
Ⅲ. Diction of poetry
CONNOTATION: the associations implied, rather than defined, by a particular word or
expression
DENOTATION: the specific, literal meaning of a word or expression, as opposed to its
implied suggestions or associations.
ARCHAISM: the used of old words in poetry, which are not found in everyday speech
or prose.
REFRAIN: a word, phrase, line, or group of lines repeated regularly in a poem, usually
at the end of each stanza.
ELISION:
leaving
out
a
vowel
or
a
syhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.htmlllable, or running
two vowels together, to make the correct meter in a line of verse.
ELLIPSIS; leaving out words which give the full sense, e.g. “in wit [he was] a man,
[in] simplicity [he was] a child”.
Ⅳ. Rhetorical devices
ALLITERATION: repetition of the same letter (or, more precisely, sound) at the
beginning of two or more words in a line of poetry, e.g. “five miles meandering with
文库下载 免费文档下载
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/
a mazy motion” (Coleridge: Kubla Khan)
ASSONANCE: repetition of the same vowel sound in two or more words in a line of poetry
e.g. pale/brave.
ONOMATOPOEIA: using the sounds of words, in poetry, to make the sound of what is being
described CACOPHONY: in poetry, the use of sounds which seem to the reader harsh,
unharmonious, and dissonant.
EUPHONY: the use of sounds in poetry which are musical and pleasing to the reader.
SIMILE:
a
way
of
describing
something
by
saying
that
it
is
likhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.htmle something else,
using the word “like” or “as”.
METAPHOR: a way of describing something by saying that it is like sth else, without
using the words “like” or “as”.
PERSONIFICATION: a figure of speech in which sth inhuman is given human qualities.
ANALOGY: a comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them.
It is often for illustration or for argument.
METONYMY: a figure of speech in which sth very closely associated with a thing is
used to stand for to suggest the thing itself. “Three sails came into the harbor”
is an example of metonymy.
SYNECDOCHE: a figure of speech that uses a part of sth to signify the whole thing.
An example is T. S. Eliot’s use of “feet” and “hands” to stand for “people”
in the poem “Preludes”.
文库下载 免费文档下载
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/
PARADOX: a statement that reveals a kind of truth, although it seems at first to be
untrue and self-contradictory.
OXYMORON:http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.html a figure of
speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms. It suggests a paradox,
but does so very briefly, usually in two or three words, such as “living dead”,
“dear enemy”, “sweet sorrow” and “wise fool’.
SYMBOL: any object, person, place, or action that has meaning in itself and that also
stands for sth larger than itself, such as a quality, an attitude, a belief, or a
value, e.g. a rose is often a symbol of love and beauty; spring and winter often
symbolizes youth and old age.
IMAGE: a word or phrase that creates pictures in the reader’s mind. Images are
primarily visual and can appeal to other senses as well: touch, taste, smell, and
hearing. Imagery means using images to produce an effect in the reader’s imagination.
CONCEIT: a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different
things.
ALLUSION:
a
reference
to
a
person,
a
place,
an
event,
or
a
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e6fa4fc62e3f5727a4e96253.htmlliterary work that a
writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to. An allusion may be drawn from
history, geography, literature, or religion.
文库下载 免费文档下载
http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/
文库下载网是专业的免费文档搜索与下载网站，提供行业资料，考试资料，教
学课件，学术论文，技术资料，研究报告，工作范文，资格考试，word 文档，
专业文献，应用文书，行业论文等文档搜索与文档下载，是您文档写作和查找
参考资料的必备网站。
文库下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/
上亿文档资料，等你来发现