Download common human diseases

COMMON HUMAN DISEASES
Diseases
Congenital
Acquired
Inborn diseases
Develop after birth
Genetic
Communicable
Non communicable
Infectious
Contagious
Non contagious
Trasmitted from person to person
through contact
Trasmitted from person
to person through food or
microorganisms
cholera, typhoid, plague,
ascariasis
chicken pox , syphilis , leprosy , measles
Viral Bacterial
Protozoan
Helminthic Mycoplasmal
Rickettsial
Chlamydial
VIRAL DISEASES
Common viral diseases are influenza, small pox, chicken pox,
Measles, mumps, poliomyelitis, rabies, hepatitis, dengue
Influenza
Caused by Myxovirus influenzae. It is an Ribo virus ( RNA virus )
with fragmented genome. Incubation period is 2-3 days.
Influenza is epidemic, endemic, and pandemic.
Endemic influenza is caused by Haemophilus influenzae , a gram
Negative bacterium.
Asian flu is a viral influenza.
Influenza virus may be A, B, and C
Vaccine is available for Influenza virus A only
Smallpox
Causative agent is a DNA virus Variola virus.
Incubation period is 12 days
Edward Jenner in 1796 discovered vaccine for smallpox.
Chickenpox
Caused by a DNA virus Varicella zoaster with 14-16 days
Incubation period.
Passive immunity in chickenpox is possible through
1
Zoaster immunoglobulin ( ZIG ) vaccine.
Measels
Infectious eruptive viral disease. It is caused by RNA virus
Rubella virus / Polynosa morbillorum.
Measels is transmitted to foetus through placenta.
Incubation period is 10-14 days.
Antibiotics and Sulfa drugs are effective to measles.
German measles is caused by Rubella virus. Vaccine is MMR
Mumps
Caused by RNA virus Paramyxo / Mumps virus
Infection occurs in Parotid gland ( salivary gland ).
Swelling of salivary gland causes difficulty in swallowing.
Secondary infection may cause sterility.
Incubation period is 12-26 days and vaccine is MMR.
Poliomyelitis
Caused by RNA virus Polio virus or Entero virus.
It causes Infantile paralysis.
Poliovirus multiply in the intestine and passes to lymph, blood
and finally to CNS in dorsal horn cells of spinal cord and brain
stem resulting in paralysis.
Vaccines are – Salk vaccine – Killed, Sabin vaccine – Live.
Sabin vaccine is given as Oral Polio Vaccine. It contains live
attenuated ( inactive ) germs of polio.
Oral polio vaccine prevents the growth of polio virus in the
Intestinal mucosa by giving direct immunity to the intestine.
Rabies
Also called Hydrophobia because the affected person shows
fear of water.
It is caused by an RNA virus called Rabies virus.
Rabies is transmitted by infected Dog, Cat, Monkey etc.
Rabies is a 100% fatal disease.
Rabies virus is called Neurotrophic because it damage motor
neurons.
Rabies vaccine was developed by Louis Pasteur.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis A is called as Endemic jaundice. It is caused by
Hepatitis A virus. It more common in children and young
adults. Incubation period is 2-6 weeks.
Hepatitis B is called Serum hepatitis. It occurs at any stage.
Incubation period is 6 weeks to 6 months.
About 80% of liver cancer is due to Hepatitis B infection.
2
3