Download Chapter 24: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Chapter 24: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System
Below you will find answers to the "Review" study questions found at the end of this
chapter in Microbiology: An Introduction, 7th edition.
1. Droplet infection. Inhalation of cells and spores; ingestion of contaminated food.
2. Coarse hairs in the nose filter dust particles from inspired air. Mucus traps dust
and microorganisms, and cilia move the trapped particles toward the throat for
elimination. The ciliary escalator of the lower respiratory system moves particles
toward the throat. Alveolar macrophages can phagocytize microorganisms that
enter the lungs. IgA antibodies are found in mucus, saliva, and tears.
3. Beta-hemolytic streptococci inhibit growth of pneumococci; faster-growing
organisms can compete with pathogens.
4. Mycoplasmal pneumonia is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria. Viral
pneumonia can be caused by several different viruses. Mycoplasmal pneumonia
can be treated with tetracyclines, whereas viral pneumonia cannot.
5. Bacteria infecting the nose and throat can move through the eustachian tube to
the inner ear. Microorganisms can enter the ear directly via swimming pool
water or injury to the eardrum or skull. The bacteria that most commonly cause
otitis media are S. aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, -hemolytic
streptococci, and H. influenzae. The middle ear is connected to the nose and
throat.
6. Upper Respiratory System
Common
cold
Coronaviruses
Sneezing, excessive nasal secretions,
congestion
7.
Lower Respiratory System
Viral
pneumonia
Several viruses
Fever, shortness of breath, chest
pains
Influenza
Influenzavirus
Chills, fever, headache, muscular
pains
RSV
Respiratory syncytial
virus
Coughing, wheezing
8.
9. Amantadine is used to treat influenza. Ribavirin may reduce RSV symptoms.
10.
Disease
Symptoms
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis
Scarlet fever
Rash and fever
Diphtheria
Membrane across throat
Whooping cough
Paroxysmal coughing
Tuberculosis
Tubercles, weight loss, and coughing
Pneumococcal pneumonia Reddish lungs, fever
H. influenzae pneumonia
Similar to pneumococcal pneumonia
Chamydial pneumonia
Low fever, cough, and headache
Legionellosis
Fever and cough
Psittacosis
Fever and headache
Q fever
Chills and chest pain
Epiglottitis
Inflamed, abscessed epiglottis
11.
12. Inhalation of large numbers of spores from Aspergillus or Rhizopus can cause
infections in individuals with impaired immune systems, cancer, and diabetes.
13. No. Many different organisms (gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria,
and viruses) can cause pneumonia. Each of these organisms is susceptible to
different antimicrobial agents.
14.
Disease
Endemic Areas in the United States
Histoplasmosis
States adjoining the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers
Coccidioidomycosis American Southwest
Blastomycosis
Mississippi
Pneumocystis
Ubiquitous
15.
Refer to Table 24.2.
16. In the tuberculin test, purified protein derivative (PPD) from M. tuberculosis is
injected into the skin. Induration and reddening of the area around the injection
site indicates an active infection or immunity to tuberculosis.
17. Hypothesis 1: Close indoor contact in winter promotes epidemic transmission.
Hypothesis 2: The viruses grow best at slightly cooler temperatures.
Hypothesis 3: A physiological change in humans during winter allows viral
growth.
18. Gram-positive cocci
Catalase-positive Staphylococcus aureus
-hemolytic
Streptococcus pyogenes
-hemolytic
S. pneumoniae
19.
Gram-positive rods
Not acid-fast C. diphtheriae
Acid-fast
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
20.
Gram-negative cocci Moraxella catarrhalis
21.
Aerobic gram-negative rods
Coccobacilli B. pertussis
Rods
L. pneumophila
22.
Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods
Coccobacilli H. influenzae
Rods
K. pneumoniae
23.
Intracellular
Elementary bodies
Chlamydia psittaci
No elementary bodies Coxiella burnetii
24.
Wall-less Mycoplasma pneumoniae
25.
Below you will find answers to the "Multiple-Choice" study questions found at the end
of this chapter in Microbiology: An Introduction, 7th edition.
1. a
2. c
3. e
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. a
8. e
9. b
10. d
Note: The answers to the Critical Thinking and Clinical Applications questions are
available to instructors only, and are found in the Instructor's Manual.