Download Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources – PPT Notes

Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources – PPT Notes
Chapter 2 - Lesson 2.4
Mr. Distasio
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Theme Outline
Lesson 2.4
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Solid Waste Management
Municipal Solid Waste
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
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PA Academic Standards for Environment & Ecology
Standard 4.2.10.D
• Explain different management alternatives involved in recycling and solid waste management.
Analyze the manufacturing process (before, during and after) with consideration for
resource recovery.
 Compare various methods dealing with solid waste (e.g., incineration, compost, land
application).
 Differentiate between pre/post-consumer and raw materials.
 Illustrate how one natural resource can be managed through reduction, recycling,
reuse or use.
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Learning Objectives
• Students will compare various methods dealing with solid waste, including incineration,
composting, and the use of landfills.
• Students will analyze several manufacturing processes with consideration for resource
recovery.
• Students will learn how aluminum and other resources are managed through reduction,
recycling, refuse, or use.
• Students will differentiate between pre/post-consumer and raw materials.
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Solid Waste Management
• Natural resources harvested from the Earth are typically processed.
• This processing generates waste products that can either be
• ____________________ into the environment
• Recovered and ____________
• _______________________ within a manufacturing process
• Taken to ___________________ or other waste management facilities for disposal.
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Natural Resources…
What are the two types of natural resources?
R____________:
Food & Fiber
Soil
Wind
The Sun
N____-R______________:
Water
Biomass Fuels
Geothermal Energy
Ores, Rocks as Resources & Fossil Fuels
Municipal Solid Waste
• Definition: waste that consists of paper, yard waste, food, and plastics
Yard Waste
Food Waste
Other
Plastic
Paper and
Cardboard
Glass
Metals
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How is municipal waste handled?
 Composting
 Combustion
 Landfills
 Source Reduction
 Recycling
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Composting
• Definition: biological method of waste disposal in which worms, bacteria, fungi, and other
______________________ ___________________ piles of fruit and vegetable
food scraps, wood, and lawn clippings
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The pros…
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Removes materials from the waste stream
Processed product can be used for erosion control
Provides _____________ to the topsoil
______________________
Free fertilizer
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The cons…
• Time consuming
• Time intensive
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Combustion
• Definition: _____________________________________________________________
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Combustion Facility
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The pros…
• Reduces ________________ by 90%
• Reduces mass by 75%
• Conservation of mass still applies, thus the mass that is reduced is actually
redistributed
• Destroys________________
• Waste to energy facility (W-T-E)
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The cons…
Air pollutants
Disposal of excess waste in landfills
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Landfills
• Definition: ______________________________________________________
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Modern Landfill
Landfill Volumes
Landfill Volume of MSW
Other
Plastics
Glass
Metals
Yard Waste
Paper
Food Waste
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How are landfills constructed?
1. Select a ____________________
Pits and quarries…. Why?
2. ___________ installed.
3. Layer of ___________ deposited.
Why clay?
4. Ready to accept trash.
5. Trucks are weighed, waste deposited, trash compacted by heavy machinery, trucks
weighed again.
6. Daily cover
Why?
7. Trash, dirt, trash, dirt …
8. __________ or Seal installed to contain waste
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Leachate
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Definition: waste material (___________) that collects in the bottom layers of landfills as
waste material decomposes
Landfill Gas (LFG)
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Definition: waste material (_____) that collects at the top of landfills as waste material
decomposes producing gases such as __________________
What’s the problem with these gases?
Methane contributes to …
 Local smog
 Air Pollution
 Depletion of the ___________ layer
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So what’s the solution?
 Gases can be _______________ using a flare.
 Gases can be processed, converted to__________, and sold to supply _____________.
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Modern approach to LFG production?
Sell It !!
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Landfills in Pennsylvania
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Landfills in perspective
• The number of landfills in the United States has ___________ sharply in the past decade for
various reasons.
• What do you think are those reasons?

Landfills have closed because …
Posed environmental concerns
o Leakage of ________________________
o Improperly handled ____________________ waste
 Have reached their _________________
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Pennsylvania and it’s trash…
• Pennsylvanian’s recycle about _____ of their MSW.
• Pennsylvania’s deposit about 3 million tons of MSW in landfills yearly.
• So what happens with all the extra landfill space?
One time you might not want to be #1 …
We _______________ it from neighboring states.
Importers
Tons
Exporters
Tons
Pennsylvania
9,764,000
New York
5,600,000
Virginia
3,891,000
New Jersey
1,800,000
Michigan
3,124,000
Missouri
1,793,000
Illinois
1,548,000
Maryland
1,547,000
Indiana
1,531,000
Massachusetts
1,218,000
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Ten years down the road… (Landfill Capacity Map)
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Trends in Solid Waste (graph)
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Source Reduction
• Definition: alteration of the ______________, _____________ or _____ of materials to
reduce the amount of toxicity of the waste generated
What is source reduction?
Source reduction, generally speaking, means reducing the amount of solid waste which
enters the waste stream. It means that waste is prevented _________ it is created by
using materials more efficiently, using reusable products and extending the life of
products.
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In other words, source reduction can be achieved by reducing the total volume of
______________ packaging material generated for domestic, commercial, industrial
and governmental use by:
 reducing the disposal impact of packaging waste by changing to more
environmentally benign packaging material
 increasing the recyclablility of packaging products that cannot be reduced
 increasing the recycled material content of packaging products.
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Source reduction example…
Recycling
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Definition: series of activities that __________ a product’s _____ materials to manufacture
new products
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• These symbols are used to mark recyclable materials as “recyclables.”
• The different symbols represent the materials from which the current product was made.
Example: HDPE stands for high-density polyethylene.
Life-Cycle of the Aluminum Can (diagram)
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Aluminum Recycling facts…
 Some 119,482 cans are recycled every minute nationwide.
 Used aluminum cans are recycled and returned to store shelves as new cans in as few as 60
days.
 Recycling saves _______ percent of the energy required to make aluminum cans from virgin
ore. In 1995, aluminum companies saved the equivalent of over 20.6 million barrels of oil -or 12.3 billion kilowatt hours by recycling. This represents enough energy to supply the
electrical needs of a city the size of Pittsburgh for about ______years.
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Incomplete Cycle
• Definition: process by which materials (wastes) do not complete a full cycle in the waste
recovery system and are disposed
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Closed-Loop Cycle
• Definition: process by which materials (wastes) complete a full cycle in the waste recovery
system and are partially reused and recycled
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What happens to recyclables?
• Recyclables have a series of different paths they can take, once entering the recycling
stream.
(Diagram)
What are some interesting statistics about recycling?
Hotels will create 1.5 pounds of solid waste per day per room
Each person produces 3.5 pounds of solid waste per day
There are 6 two liter bottles in one pound of PET
One three foot stack of newspapers is equal to one tree, approximately 30 feet tall
One three foot stack of newspaper weighs 100 pounds
To make one ton of virgin paper uses 17 trees (3 2/3 acres of forest)
62,860 trees must be cut to provide pulp for a single edition of the Sunday New York Times.
Recycling one aluminum can saves the energy equivalent to one cup of gasoline.
A steel mill can reduce its water pollution 76% and mining wastes 97% using scrap
metal, such as steel cans, instead of iron ore.
In the summer, nearly one third of all summer waste handled by garbage haulers
consists of grass clippings.
In the fall, leaves comprise as much as half of all waste generated by residents.
One dollar out of every $11 spent on groceries goes to pay for packaging
32% of all municipal waste is from packaging.
Americans are the world’s trashiest people. US citizens consume more goods per capita
than any other nation in the world. Each year we throw away:
enough aluminum to rebuild the entire American Airlines air fleet 71 times.
enough steel to reconstruct Manhattan
enough wood and paper to heat 5 million homes of 200 years.
one third of all of the food we buy