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Biomechanics for Performance Improvement What is Biomechanics? Why study it? McGinnis (2005) suggests that: “Biomechanics is the study of forces and their effects on living systems” (p.3) “The ultimate goal of exercise and sports biomechanics is performance improvement in exercise or sport’ (p.4) “Coaches and teachers use biomechanics to determine what actions may improve performance” (p.4) “An analysis of the technique deficiencies of an athlete can assist the coach or teacher in identifying the type of training the athlete requires to improve.” (p.7) “Some believe that injury prevention and rehabilitation should be the primary goal of exercise and sports biomechanics” (p. 9) Margot Bowes Page 1 30/06/2017 Biomechanics (An Overview) Key Purpose: Performance Improvement through: Technique Improvement Equipment Improvement Training Improvement Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation External Biomechanics Internal Biomechanics External Forces and their effects on the body and its movement Internal forces and their effects on the body and its movements Forces: Maintaining equilibrium or changing motion (forces, equilibrium, friction, force summation) Linear Kinematics: Describing objects in linear motion (motion , projectile motion) Linear Kinetics: Explaining the causes of linear motion (Newton’s Laws- inertia, conservation of momentum, acceleration, action-reaction) Work, Power and Energy: Explaining the causes of motion without Newton (work, energy and power Torques and Moments of Force: Maintaining equilibrium or changing angular motion (torques, centre of gravity) Angular Kinematics: Describing objects in Angular Motion (angular position, angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration) Angular Kinetics: Explaining the causes of Angular Motion (Angular inertia, angular momentum, angular interpretation of Newton’s Laws) Fluid Mechanics: The effects of Water and Air (buoyancy, drag, lift, air resistance) Margot Bowes Page 2 Skeletal System (the rigid framework of the body): Bones: joints Muscular System (the force makers or motors of the body) Skeletal muscle: muscle action: muscle contraction force Nervous System (the control of the musculoskeletal system) Nervous system, neutrons: Motor units: Receptors and reflexes Adapted from McGinnis (2005) 30/06/2017 What do you think is the difference between kinematics and kinetics? Biomechanical Analysis to Improve Performance Key Purpose: Analyse Performance Technique analysis Equipment analysis Training analysis Injury analysis Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis to Improve Technique Describe the most effective technique Observe the actual performance Evaluate the performance compared to the ideal Instruct via feedback the differences between the actual and ideal performance Margot Bowes Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis to Improve Training Page 3 Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis to Understand and reduce Injury Divide the activity into frames (temporal phases) Identify the joints and movements occurring in each frame Determine type of muscle contraction and prime movers at each joint Identify where training could improve range of motion and application of forces 30/06/2017 Quantitative Biomechanical Analysis to Measure Performance Silicon Coach Game breaker Use the scenarios of biomechanical analysis to improve technique and training and answer the following questions for your group. Why is Biomechanics important for Performance Improvement? How can Biomechanics be used to improve performance? What are your own experiences with Biomechanics that have improved your performance? References: McGinnis, P. (2005). Biomechanics of sport and exercise. (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Margot Bowes Page 4 30/06/2017