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Chapter 20, 21 Test AP EUROPEAN HISTORY DO NOT WRITE ON THE TEST! 1. 2. 3. Which of the following was the most urbanized country in 1850? a. Spain b. Germany c. France d. England e. Austria During the first half of the nineteenth century, the only thoroughly mechanized industry was the ___________ industry. a. chemical b. textile c. oil d. mining e. construction The process by which laborers come to participate in the wage labor force is sometimes called: a. trans-compensation b. trans-capitalism c. labor migration d. monetization e. proletarianization 4. Early factory owners permitted a man to employ whom as assistants? A) his siblings B) his wife C) his children D) both B and C E) his parents 5. David Ricardo’s Iron Law of Wages states: a. Industrial wages should be increased b. Population will outstrip food supply c. Increasing worker’s wages is pointless d. Wages should be set by the government e. Wages will be fair when private property is abolished 6. In 1850 the largest group of employed women in England worked: a. on the land b. in factories c. in the mining industry d. in small businesses e. as domestic servants 7. In the late eighteenth century, the British government sent persons convicted of the most serious crimes: a. to Australia b. to South Africa c. to India d. to Canada e. to South America 8. Historians attribute the "population explosion" of the eighteenth century primarily to a. the elimination of childhood diseases b. a more abundant food supply c. the widespread introduction of piped water and sewers d. the eradication of childbirth fever e. new sanitary procedures in hospitals 9. The idea that population growth will always outstrip food supply was put forward by: a. Jeremy Bentham b. Adam Smith c. David Ricardo d. Thomas Malthus e. John Stuart Mill 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Saint-Simon believed that, above all else, modern society needed: a. relaxation of gender roles b. redistribution of wealth c. a new conception of the family d. tighter controls on social mores e. rational management Which of the following would NOT be considered part of the Chartist reform program? a. women’s rights b.annual election of the House of Commons c. universal manhood suffrage d.salaries for Members of Parliament e. a secret ballot 15. Charles Fourier believed that: a. all European workers should form a single trade union b. sex was at the heart of social dysfunction c. industrialization would solve all social evils d. industrialization ignored the passionate side of human nature e. industrialization and anarchy were compatible Which of the following did NOT contribute to the industrial strength of Great Britain in the nineteenth century? a. natural resources b.strong markets for British goods c. adequate financial resources d.considerable mobility within society e. German technological advances 16. The largest railroad network in Europe before 1850 could be found in: a. England b.France c. Belgium d.Germany e. Italy 17. In the 1830s, many British workers linked the solution of their economic plight to a program of political reform known as: a. Trade Unionism b.New Labour c. English Socialism d.English Marxism e. Chartism 18. Anarchists: a. rejected industry Marx derived the major ideas of the Communist Manifesto from: a. Darwin’s theory of evolution b. the French Enlightenment c. German Kantianism d. German Hegelianism e. the ideas of Malthus and Ricardo The dynamic force behind the revolutions of 1848 was the: a. working poor b. political liberals/ nationalists c. socialists d. Marxists e. landless peasants b. rejected government c. rejected both industry and government d. rejected all aspects of socialism e. were powerful political players in Britain 19. 20. In Marx’s view, historical change was, in all important respects, the result of: a. the emergence of men of genius b. class conflict c. the unfolding of innate ideas d. pure chance e. technological innovation The Revolutions of 1848 erupted first in: a. Britain b. Germany c. Austria d. France e. Italy 21. The single most powerful ideology of the nineteenth century was: a. nationalism b. Eionism c. conservatism d. socialism e. anarchism 22. Migration from the countryside during the 19th century produced a situation in which: A) the physical resources of cities were stretched beyond capacity. B) the physical resources of cities were able to be ratcheted up to meet capacity. C) crime rates were unaffected. D) diseases were kept at bay. E) most rural areas were left all but depopulated. 23. Economic liberals favored: a. protective tariffs b. free trade c. price controls d. progressive taxation e. property taxes 24. By the late 1830s, many British workers hung their hopes for reform on a platform known as: A) Simonianism. B) Fourierism. C) Hegelianism. D) Chartism. E) Marxism. 25. The Decembrist Revolt was led by: a. junior officers b. Russian socialists c. leaders of the emerging middle class d. angry peasants e. cabinet ministers 26. Nicholas I saw serfdom as: a. a great evil that required immediate action b. part of the natural order of society c. the basis of Russian prosperity d. a great evil, but too dangerous to reform e. consistent with Christian teachings 27. In the French elections of 1830, the liberals: a. saw their power diminished b. suffered an unprecedented defeat c. won a stunning victory d. were not represented on the ballot e. saw their chances of gaining power slip 28. 29. 30. 31. The Concert of Europe was: a. a free trade zone b. an arrangement for resolving mutual foreign policy issues c. an organization of economic liberals d. a term for the cultural flowering of the early nineteenth century e. a total failure The real goal of early nineteenthcentury political liberals was: a. mass democracy b. the end of monarchy c. free education for all d. the end of poverty e. political reform based on private property ____________ was an important complement to liberalism in this period. a. Socialism b. Nationalism c. Christianity d. Urbanization e. Industrialization The Great Reform Bill: a. reduced the power of the British monarch b. lowered grain tariffs c. gave all adult men the same political rights d. ended capital punishment in England e. expanded the size of the English electorate 32. Alexander I’s reign (1801–1825) can be considered as a. liberal throughout b. conservative throughout c. liberal before Napoleon and conservative after d. a total disaster e. a decisive turning point in Russian history that marked the end of the Tsars 33. Early in the nineteenth century ____________ assumed the role as a protector of Serbia. a. Austria b. England c. France d. Russia e. Prussia 34. Metternich’s beliefs epitomized: a. ethnic nationalism b. national socialism c. political liberalism d. economic liberalism e. conservatism 35. 15. The Four Ordinances issued by Charles X did all of the following EXCEPT: a. restrict freedom of the press b. restrict the franchise to only the wealthiest people in the country c. dissolve the Chamber of Deputies d. empowered the working poor with voting rights e. provoke a strong reaction from the French public 36. The Great Reform Bill of 1832 finally passed because: a. of fears of mob violence b. new elections were held for the House of Commons c. the king threatened to alter the structure of the House of Lords d. of the Peterloo Massacre e. a plebiscite demonstrated widespread popular support for the bill 37. Under Metternich’s leadership in the early 1820s, Austria moved to suppress revolutions in: a. Belgium and Hungary b. Italy and the Balkans c. Prussia and the Balkans d. Spain and Italy e. Hungary and Prussia 38. What power lost territory and prestige as a result of the Greek Revolution of 1821? a. the Ottoman Empire b. France c. Britain d. Austria e. Russia 39. Toussaint L’Ouverture led a successful revolution in: a. Corsica b. Haiti c. New Spain d. Sardinia e. Quebec 40. The wars of independence in South America were led by: a. peninsulares b. Creoles c. mestizos d. mulattos e. maroons 41. Which of the following countries saw the most improvement in agricultural methods in the eighteenth century? a. the Netherlands b. Poland c. Russia d. Prussia e. Spain 42. The key invention that allowed industrialization to spread from one area of production to another was the: a. spinning jenny b. water frame c. steam engine d. cotton gin e. flying shuttle 43. Serfs were worst off in: a. Prussia b. Russia c. Austria d. Poland e. Hungary 44. The most active proponents of the innovations known collectively as the Agricultural Revolution were: a. urban elites b. monarchs c. peasants d. landlords e. intellectuals 45. The Industrial Revolution came first to: a. France b. Great Britain c. Prussia d. the Netherlands e. Austria 46. 47. Urban life in the major European cities during the Industrial Revolution was characterized by (A) rapid social mobility among recent migrants from the countryside (B) overcrowded living conditions and unsafe working conditions for the working poor (C) the adoption of laissez-faire attitudes by industrial workers (D) government control of major industrial companies (E) an increase in the nobility's power over the urban population "The whole history of society up to now has been the history of class Struggles. Our period, however, the bourgeois period, is distinguished by the fact that it has simplified class antagonisms. All society is splitting more and more into two great hostile camps, into two large classes opposing each other directly: bourgeoisie and proletariat. Which of the following wrote the passage above? (A) Prince von Metternich and Viscount Castlereagh (B) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (C) John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor (D) Beatrice and Sydney Webb (E) Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone 48. Which of the following escaped the revolutionary outburst of 1848? (A) France (B) Prussia (C) Sweden (D) Italy (E) Austria 49. The British Great Reform Act of 1832 did which of the following? (A) Gave women the right to vote. (B) Granted universal male suffrage. (C) Limited the power of the monarchy. (D) Abolished the right of the House of Lords to veto legislation. (E) Increased the voting power of the middle class. 50. The revolutions of 1848: A) resulted in a unified middle and working class. B) were successful in establishing liberal or national states. C) ended monarchy in Europe forever. D) won new political power for the working class. E) failed to establish liberal or national states. 51. Which of the following is not a quote from “Star Wars” a. “Use the force, Luke!” b. “The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few, or the one.” c. “No! Try not. Do, or do not. There is no try.” d. “In my experience, there's no such thing as luck e. “Never tell me the odds!” 30. Multiple Choice: 1-D, 2-B, 3-E, 4-D, 5C, 6-E, 7-A, 8-B, 9-D, 10-E, 11-D, 12-D, 13-B, 14-A, 15-E, 16-A, 17E, 18-C, 19-B, 20-D. 21-A, 22-A, 23-B, 24-D, 25-A, 26-D, 27-C, 28-B, 29-E, 30-B, 31-E, 32-C, 33-D, 34-E, 35-D, 36-C, 37D, 38-A, 39-B, 40-B. 41-A, 42-C, 43-B, 44-d, 45-B 46-B, 47B, 48-C, 49-E, 50-E Answers: