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60s to 80s Study Guide 1. When he became attorney general, Robert Kennedy wanted to refocus the attention of the FBI on 2. When he took office in 1961, President Kennedy chose to try to stimulate the sluggish economy through 3. In the early 1960s, as leader of France, Charles de Gaulle 4. The 1962 Trade Expansion Act 5. John F. Kennedy's strategy of "flexible response" 6. While it seemed sane enough, John F. Kennedy's doctrine of flexible response contained some lethal logic that 7. American military forces entered Vietnam in order to 8. The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve the level of economic well-being in 9. Which one of the following is least related to the other three? 10. When the Soviet Union attempted to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, President Kennedy ordered 11. The Cuban missile crisis resulted in all of the following except 12. In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on 13. At first, John F. Kennedy moved very slowly in the area of racial justice because he 14. John Kennedy joined hands with the civil rights movement when he 15. President Kennedy ordered hundreds of federal marshals and thousands of federal troops to force the racial integration of 16. By mid-1963, President John F. Kennedy's position on civil rights can best be described as 17. At the time of his death, President John Kennedy's civil rights bill 18. The official government investigation of John F. Kennedy's assassination was led by 19. President Kennedy's alleged assassin was 20. President Johnson proved to be much more successful than President Kennedy at 21. President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the 22. With the passage of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 23. Voters supported Lyndon Johnson in the 1964 presidential election because of their 24. Lyndon Johnson channeled educational aid 25. All of the following programs were created by Lyndon Johnson's administration except 26. In the final analysis, Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs 27. The landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplished all of the following except 28. As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, 29. The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed by the 30. Beginning in 1964, the chief goal of the black civil rights movement in the South was to 31. As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, 32. The Watts riot in 1965 symbolized 33. Black leaders in the 1960s included __________, an advocate of peaceable resistance; __________, who favored black separatism; and __________, an advocate of "Black Power." 34. By the late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused their attention primarily on 35. Some advocates of Black Power insisted that their slogan stood for all of the following except 36. By 1972, integrated classrooms were most common in the 37. Aerial bombardment in Vietnam 38. "Operation Rolling Thunder" was the code name for 39. The most serious blow to Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam policy 40. During the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson ordered the CIA, in clear violation of its charter, to 41. The 1968 Democratic party convention witnessed 42. The third-party candidate for president in 1968 was 43. Both major-party presidential candidates in 1968 agreed that the United States should 44. The skepticism about authority that emerged in the United States during the 1960s 45. The "three P's" that largely explain the cultural upheavals of the 1960s are 46. The site of the first major militant protest on behalf of gay liberation in 1969 was 47. President Kennedy's new military policy of "flexible response" called for a major buildup of 48. The consequences of the Cuban missile crisis included 49. Barry Goldwater, the Republican party's 1964 presidential candidate, opposed 50. President Johnson's legislative program after his election in 1964 included 51. Substantial opposition to America's commitment to Vietnam between 1965 and 1968 came from 52. The 1968 Tet offensive resulted in 53. One reason for the decline of American workers' productivity during the 1970s was 54. By the early 1970s, the post-World War II economic boom had crested as a result of all of the following except 55. The high inflation rate of the 1970s stemmed primarily from 56. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would 57. Perhaps Richard Nixon's most valuable asset as he began his presidency in 1969 was his 58. President Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" of the war in Vietnam called for 59. Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following except 60. The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of 61. The __________ Amendment __________ the voting age to __________. 62. The Pentagon Papers, published in 1971, 63. President Nixon's chief foreign-policy adviser was 64. Richard Nixon's policy of dìtente 65. The decisions of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren reflected its 66. In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right to use contraceptives based on 67. Critics of the Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren complained that the Court 68. When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon 69. Richard Nixon's Philadelphia Plan 70. The difference between Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action programs and those of Richard Nixon was 71. All of the following are legacies of Richard Nixon's presidency except 72. To control creeping inflation in the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon 73. As president, Richard Nixon succeeded in 74. George McGovern, the Democratic nominee for the presidency in 1972, alienated the traditional working-class backbone of the Democratic party 75. George McGovern, the Democratic party's presidential candidate in 1972, appealed most strongly to the 76. The Watergate scandals caused by the actions of Richard Nixon's staff in the 1972 presidential campaign involved all of the following except 77. As part of the cease-fire agreement in Vietnam in 1973, 78. Vice President Spiro Agnew was forced to resign in 1973 after being accused of 79. During the Senate Watergate hearings, one of the most damaging revelations for Richard Nixon was that 80. The 1973 War Powers Act 81. As a result of Richard Nixon's aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973, 82. As a result of U.S. support for Israel in 1973 when it was attacked by Egypt and Syria, 83. In an effort to counter OPEC, the United States took the lead in forming 84. Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that 85. The most controversial action of Gerald Ford's presidency was 86. The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of thirty-four other nations, 87. The people of the United States had provided just about everything for South Vietnam except 88. In the Vietnam conflict, the United States lost 89. The one major social movement born in the 1960s that retained and gathered momentum in the 1970s and after was 90. Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to 91. The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following: 92. The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they 93. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because 94. The most explosive racial controversy of the 1970s was over 95. The effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Milliken v. Bradley that integration did not have to take place across school district lines was to 96. The Supreme Court in the Bakke case held that 97. American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing 98. The major goal successfully pursued by Indian civil rights activists in the 1970s was 99. The first wave of Vietnamese refugees who came to the United States in the immediate aftermath of the Vietnam War 100. A primary goal of both the first and second wave of Vietnamese refugees was 101. James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because 102. The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was 103. President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the 104. President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was 105. The term "second wave feminism" refers to 106. Moderate and radical feminists differed over all the following issues except 107. The SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate when the Soviets 108. Boycotting the 1980 Olympic Games was one measure taken by President Carter in response to 109. Arrange the following events in chronological order: 110. Results of the Cambodian incursion ordered by President Nixon in 1970 included 111. Signs that the Cold War was thawing a bit in the early 1970s included 112. Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court handed down rulings to 113. In response to the energy crisis in 1973Ä1974, 114. During hearings in 1974, the House Judiciary Committee adopted impeachment articles charging President Nixon with 115. In his brief presidency, Gerald Ford agreed 116. While president, Jimmy Carter 117. In the 1980 national elections, 118. Liberal Democrats complained that Jimmy Carter 119. Edward Kennedy's campaign to take the presidential nomination away from Jimmy Carter in 1980 was handicapped by 120. The "new right" movement that helped to elect Ronald Reagan was spearheaded by 121. Many "new right" activists were most concerned about 122. Which of the these social issues was not a primary concern for the new right? 123. The neoconservatives of the 1980s believed in all of the following except 124. Ronald Reagan was similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt in that both men 125. Ronald Reagan differed from Franklin D. Roosevelt in that Roosevelt 126. Ronald Reagan began to abandon his liberal New Deal political philosophy and to espouse a conservative, antigovernment line 127. The "Sagebrush Rebellion" was a fiercely anti-Washington movement that had sprung up to protest 128. Perhaps Jimmy Carter's greatest weakness as president was his 129. Ronald Reagan planned to reduce the size of government by 130. Conservative Democrats who helped Ronald Reagan to pass his budget and tax-cutting legislation were called 131. Ronald Reagan's major goal as president was to 132. Ronald Reagan's "supply side" economic advisers assured him that the combination of budgetary discipline and tax reduction would do all of the following except 133. True to his campaign promises, as president Ronald Reagan 134. The immediate consequence of President Reagan's new economic policies was 135. In the 1980s, for the first time in the twentieth century, 136. Some economists believe that the economic upturn in the 1980s was the result of 137. To President Reagan, "the focus of evil in the modern world" was 138. The first woman to receive the vice-presidential nomination of a major political party was 139. For the Soviet Union's new policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) to work, it was essential that the 140. The Iran-contra investigations revealed Ronald Reagan as a president who 141. The greatest increase in the national debt occurred 142. In 1986 Congress passed legislation mandating 143. Ronald Reagan's highest political objective as president was 144. The first woman appointed to the United States Supreme Court was 145. In response to China's crushing of its prodemocracy movement, the United States under George Bush 146. The Democrats' hopes for the 1988 election rose sharply because of major scandals in the Reagan administration involving 147. "Solidarity" was 148. Israel badly strained its bonds of friendship with the United States by 149. In 1983 President Reagan sent United States marines to __________ as part of an international peacekeeping force; many of them died in a terrorist attack. 150. President Reagan came to be labeled the "Teflon president" because 151. During Ronald Reagan's presidency, United States troops invaded 152. The issue that dominated Ronald Reagan's second term as president was 153. As one consequence of the demise of the Soviet Union, 154. All of the following issues or developments in the 1992 political campaign revealed popular disgust with incumbents except 155. Modern conservatism springs from 156. Which of the following was not among the ways that the "New Right" of the 1980s imitated the tactics and approaches of the "New Left" of the 1960s? 157. The Supreme Court cases of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood v. Casey 158. Among the Democrats whom Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis defeated for the party's nomination to run against George Bush in 1988 were 159. In response to the collapse of the Soviet Union, President George Bush called for a "new world order" where 160. The United States joined its allies in the Persian Gulf War in order to 161. The result of the Persian Gulf War was that 162. The explosive Senate hearings that nearly prevented Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas from being confirmed involved charges that Thomas was guilty of 163. The primary issue that enabled Bill Clinton to defeat President Bush and Ross Perot in the 1992 election was Bush's 164. One of Bill Clinton's few early successes in advancing his reform agenda during his first term was 165. The leader of the right-wing movement that won a sweeping victory for Republicans in the 1994 Congressional elections was 166. Facing a Republican Congress during his second term, Bill Clinton embraced more cautious and conservative policies, including notably his support for 167. The Clinton foreign policy in Africa, the Balkans, and China was marked by 168. The two charges on which President Clinton was impeached and then acquitted after a Senate trial in January and February 1999 were 169. As President, Bill Clinton's legacy would likely include 170. The razor-thin election of 2000 between George W. Bush and Al Gore was finally resolved when