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Download Enzymes - Guided Notes - Flip-Flop
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Aim high. Dig deep. THINK BIG Name:_________________________ Period:_________ Date:____________________ Enzymes: Biological Catalysts for Chemical Reactions FLIP FLOP All chemical reactions begin with chemical reactants that are then changed into different chemicals called products. The order of the reaction is indicated with an arrow, which points from reactants to products: H2O2 H2O + O2 Reactant Product Product -----------------------------------Here’s a reaction – the one for photosynthesis: H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2 (water) + (carbon dioxide) (sugar) +(oxygen gas) ----------------------------------------------------------------------Here’s one more – the reaction for respiration: C6H12O6 + O2 H2O + CO2 (sugar) + (oxygen gas) (water) + (carbon dioxide) ---------------------------------------------------------------------How to tell if a chemical reaction has taken place: 1) Change in temperature; 2) Change in color; or 3) Formation of a gas -----------------------------------------------------------------All chemical reactions need some energy, called activation energy, to get them started (get “over the hump/hill”). The bigger the hill, the more activation energy it takes to get it started. It will be hard for a reaction with a large activation energy to ever happen. H2O2 H2O + H2O2 = hydrogen peroxide H2O = water O2 = oxygen gas O2 How many reactants are there? ______ How many products are there? _______ ----------------------------------------------------------------- What is/are the reactant(s)? What is/are the product(s)? --------------------------------------------------- What is/are the reactant(s)? What is/are the product(s)? Looking at the reactions above what would be a definite way (from the list at left) to tell if those reactions had occurred? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ *1*That is why living things have enzymes, which are proteins that act as catalysts. Catalysts are things that speed up chemical reactions. *2*Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy (hillspeed bump), so that less energy is needed to start the reaction. *3*Enzymes are NOT “used up” or altered by the reaction – they are reused/recycled over and over. Notes Trace over the reaction with a higher activation energy in blue. Trace over the reaction with the lower activation energy in red. Which line do you think represents the reaction that involved an enzyme? Page # Aim high. Dig deep. THINK BIG FLIP FLOP Enzymes speed up reactions by binding (attaching) one or more reactants of a reaction to a spot on the enzyme called the active site. Example of enzyme and its substrate: The reactant(s) that binds to an enzyme are called the substrates. *4*Enzymes catalyze one specific chemical reaction since only that substrate(s) has the right shape to bind to the active site [“Lock & Key”] If something happens to change the shape of an active site, it will no longer fit the substrate and the reaction may slow or stopl! *5*When an enzyme loses it’s shape, it is said to be “denatured.” ---------------------------------------------------Re-read the previous page to refresh your memory and then write the definitions of the bolded words on the other side: ---------------------------------------------------Enzymes are affected by 1. 2. 3. Enzymes typically function best (optimal) within a narrow range of ___________&____________? Circle what could be the substrate for the enzyme shown here: a. b. c. d. ---------------------------------------------------Chemical reaction – Activation energy – Enzymes – Catalyst – Active site - Substrate – Denatured ---------------------------------------------------A + B + C ABC What is the optimal pH for each enzyme?? What can cause an enzyme to Denature?? 1. 2. ---------------------------------------------------You saw how a fake enzyme called ABCase (most enzyme names end with “ase”) catalyzed the reaction A + B + C ABC Notes What is/are the reactant(s)/substrates? What is/are the product(s)? What’s the name of the enzyme? What was special about its shape? Page # Aim high. Dig deep. THINK BIG Notes Page #
