Download Coast Guard Environmental Operations

SITE SAFETY PLAN - HURRICANE KATRINA – ENVIRONMENTAL BRANCH
09/04/05
SITE SAFETY PLAN - ENVIRONMENTAL BRANCH
This Site Safety Plan will serve as an addendum to the Site Safety and Health plan
that was created for the Sector Mobile Hurricane Katrina Response. This addendum
is intended to provide more specific guidance to those persons working for the
Environmental Branch. It will become more detailed as specific info on potential
exposures is collected. Again, this is an addendum or add-on to the response site
safety plan. It is not intended to replace that plan. ALL responders should be
familiar with the existing plan.
The Site Safety Officer for the Environmental Branch is:
Please contact the Safety Officer with any safety and health issues, concerns,
equipment/PPE needs, questions about releases, etc.
SITE DESCRIPTION
Site generally referred to as: HURRICANE KATRINA – ENVIRONMENTAL BRANCH
Location: Coastline from Louisiana/Mississippi border east to Panama City, Fl
Surrounding area: x industrial, x residential, x rural, x unpopulated, x other:
Topography: ____ rocky, _X__ sandy beach, _X__ docks, ____ cliffs, _X__ marshes,
Other: streets, buildings, residences, vessels, etc.
Potential Hazards:
X Chemical Exposure
X Oxygen Deficiency
Ionizing Radiation
X Heat Exposure
X Slippery and Uneven Surfaces
X Slips, Trips & Falls
_X_ Fire/Explosion
_X_ Confined/Enclosed Space Entry
_X_ Biological Hazards
_X__ Noise
X Boat Operations
SITE CONTROL
All work will be conducted in accordance with established procedures and developed work
plans.
 No person will enter a site without knowledge of the approved Site Safety and Health
Plan and associated site hazards.
 No person will enter a site without adequate training in hazardous waste emergency
response/safety and health based on work assignment and applicable hazardous
conditions.
 All personnel entering a contaminated area are required to decon prior to exiting the
zone.
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HAZARD EVALUATION:
The list of known and unknown hazards that are likely to be associated with this incident
may end up being extremely long. We know that we will be dealing with large quantities of
petroleum products. Please notify the Safety Officer of the products that we are
encountering in the field. This will help us establish an MSDS database of what we are
being exposed to.
General guidance on chemical hazards (emphasis of oil)
Oils composed of an indefinite petroleum mixture. May contain benzene, toluene, xylene,
naphthalenes, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in concentrations that may vary
widely depending on the source of the oil, weathering and aging.
Hazard Descriptions: May cause dermatitis by skin contact, nausea by inhalation, and eye
irritation. Benzene can affect the blood and blood forming organs and is a carcinogen.
Exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene is most likely around freshly spilled oil and in
poorly ventilated areas (such as in pits or under docks). Benzo(a)pyrene, a PAH, can
cause skin cancer with prolonged skin contact. As oil weathers and ages,
benzeo(a)pyrene becomes more concentrated because it evaporates more slowly than
other components.
Basic Precautions: Stay upwind from fresh spills. Wear respiratory protection and
chemical resistant clothing to prevent skin or eye contact. Periodically change clothing to
prevent the hydrocarbon from soaking through and immediately change clothing if the
hydrocarbon comes in contact with skin. Wash skin with soap and water when changing
into street clothing, before eating/drinking, or when exiting to a contamination reduction
zone. Flush eyes with water if exposed directly to the hydrocarbon. Do not induce
vomiting if hydrocarbon is swallowed - contact a physician immediately. A urinary phenol
test is required at the end of the shift if exposed to benzene.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
The PPE required for each response/recovery will be dictated by the product being
recovered and the nature of the release. If you have any questions regarding what
level you should enter or respond with, Safety Officer guidance. When in doubt,
always err on the safe side enter at the higher level.
Level D
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(no known hazard(s))
Tyvek-type and/or rain gear.
Hard hat when overhead hazards exist
Safety glasses/goggles/face shield
Work shoes
Disposable boots
Chemical resistant Gloves
Hearing protection
Level C
(known hazard(s) are atmospheric contaminants, liquid splashes or other
contact that will not adversely affect the skin.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Level B
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hooded disposable - chemical resistant
coveralls
splash suit
Cartridge Respirator - air purifying
•
Full face
•
Half-mask
Gloves - chemical resistant
Boots - chemical resistant (work shoes)
Hard hat
Escape pack
Means of communication
Safety glasses/goggles/face shield
(The hazard type and atmospheric concentration have been identified and
require a high level of general and respiratory protection.
Pressure Demand
SCBA
Air supplied respirator
Escape pak
Hooded Chemical resistant/disposable
Coveralls
2 piece splash suit
Gloves - chemical resistant (inter-outer)
Boots - chemical resistant (work shoes)
Hard hat
Means of communication
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Level A
•
•
•
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•
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•
•
09/04/05
Safety glasses/goggles/face shield
(The hazard(s) have been identified and require the highest level of
protection for skin, eyes and respiratory system)
Pressure Demand
•
SCBA
•
Air Supplied Respirator
•
Escape Pack
Fully encapsulated-chemical protective suit
Coveralls
Long underwear
Gloves - chemical resistant (inter-outer)
Boots - chemical resistant (work shoes)
Hard hat
Radio communication
NOTE: The SAFETY OFFICER may modify PPE on a case by case basis. Special
operations may require a different PPE level.
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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SAFETY AND HEALTH CONCERNS
Site safety plans must provide a set of control measures to minimize the risks to
personnel. Possible site control measures are described below.
Site Security and Access Controls:
Due to the size and expanse of our present response zone, much of the below
guidance must be used to provide a mental picture of what zones should exist
and where they will be. If any questions exist, please contact the Safety Officer.
Safety and health risks can be significantly reduced by limiting access to work areas.
People entering work areas, without adequate training, or without adequate supervision
create a needless risk for other response personnel as well as themselves.
Response personnel and equipment need to leave contaminated areas in a manner
which minimizes the spread of possible contaminants to clean areas or equipment.
Site security can also help prevent illegal disposal of other hazardous products in the
response area.
Use of Control Zones. At hazardous materials incidents control zones are established
to limit personnel access to contaminated areas and prevent the spread of
contamination. This helps protect personnel and minimizes further damage to the
environment.
Anyone entering or departing a work area, or associated control zones, should report to
the designated recorder for that area. The site security officer enforces this policy at all
times.
No person should enter a site without reading and subscribing to the approved Site
Safety and Health plan as well as this site safety plan annex.
No person should be allowed to enter a site without adequate training in hazardous
waste operations safety and health; based on work assignment and applicable
hazardous conditions.
Cold Zones. These are minimal exposure areas maintained as uncontaminated
locations for support functions. Command posts, food service areas, and new
equipment storage and staging areas are examples of cold zone support functions.
This zone is also called a "clean zone" or "support zone".
Hot Zones. Defined areas of exposure hazards. Hot zones should extend far enough
to prevent adverse effects to unprotected personnel outside of the zone.
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For oil spills the impacted area where oil recovery is being conducted is typically treated
as a hot zone. This zone is also referred to as "restricted zone", or "exclusion zone".
Warm Zones. These zones are where many control functions take place (e.g.,
personnel log in and out, personnel are decontaminated and dirty equipment is stored
or decontaminated). These zones are also called "decontamination," "contamination
reduction," or "limited access zones."
Access control. The warm zone includes control points for the access corridor and
thus assists in reducing the spread of contamination. A site recorder should keep track
of personnel and equipment passing through the control points. This is important for
project documentation and for safety considerations.
Decontamination area. An area within the warm zone (set aside) for decontamination
of personnel, or equipment moving out of the work area (hot zone). The
decontamination area should provide facilities for personnel to store contaminated
clothing and equipment. Personnel must be able to wash their hands and faces before
eating, drinking, smoking, or departing the work area. In some cases, showers may be
required for personnel removing a contaminated clothing and changing into street
clothing.
A clean sheltered area associated with the decon area, should be set aside for breaks.
Rest and rehab will often be needed to control heat and cold stress hazards.
Appropriate fluids (warm for cold stress conditions, and cool for heat stress conditions)
should be available.
Smoking should be restricted to an area where hands can be washed first and where
there is no significant fire hazard.
Marking of Zones. Zones should be marked as needed to control traffic and enforce
decon procedures. Placards, barricades, traffic-cones, and/or boundary tape can be
used for this purpose. The site safety officer should periodically inspect the
effectiveness of boundaries.
An example of a color coding scheme might be orange, red, or black and yellow for
exclusion zones, yellow for contamination reduction zones, and green or white for
support zones.
Site map(s) should be developed and modified as necessary to cover the entire work
area. It may be necessary to develop more detailed maps for individual sectors. Maps
should be attached to the Site Safety Plan.
The site map(s) should include:
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Control Zones.
The decontamination layout, equipment storage, temporary waste storage areas, toilets
and personal hygiene facilities.
Emergency equipment such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, eye wash stations, and
stokes litters. If emergency medical evacuation can be accomplished by vehicle, maps
should include routes to nearest hospital.
Evacuation routes and post-evacuation assembly areas.
Command post(s).
Staging areas for resources such as arriving personnel, new (clean) equipment, or
visitors.
Rest and rehab support areas (e.g., food, fluids, and shelter).
Adjacent restricted operations (by other teams) should be noted on applicable maps.
Examples include :
 animal rehab, capture, or staging;
 bird hazing stations; high pressure wash, bio-remediation, and dispersant work
areas
 HAZMAT Team operations.
The location of identified safety hazards should be identified, known and understood by
all personnel. The following are examples:
 underground electrical cables,
 overhead cables,
 pits, trenches, open holes/hatches,
 hearing protection areas,
 hard hat areas, and
 suspected locations of poisonous plants, insects, or
animal hazards.
Access/Egress, and Dangerous Work Surfaces
Access/Egress. Spill response often requires getting personnel into isolated locations,
damaged vessels or facilities, or other difficult to reach areas where it
will be awkward for personnel to get to the work location. Adequate
secured ladders, ramps, or other access must be provided.
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Oily surfaces. Oily/slippery surfaces are a primary concern. Oil/chemical soaked boots
present a skin contact hazard and slipping hazard. Personnel working
around oily/chemical soaked surfaces should wear rubber safety boots
with textured bottoms. Boat crews may consider substituting clean deck
shoes with textured soles.
Damaged surfaces. Old or damaged deck plating, piers, or building floors may be a
trip/fall hazard. Personnel should be restricted from working on
these locations or temporary surfaces should be
constructed/installed as necessary.
Lighting. Fixed or portable lighting must be maintained for dark areas or work after
sunset. Sufficient illumination should be provided at a minimum to meet the
requirements of TABLE H-120.1 (Minimum Illumination Intensities) of 29 CFR
1910.120(m).
Work on or near the water. All personnel working in boats, on docks, or generally
within several feet of water deeper than waist high, should
wear Coast Guard approved personal flotation devices
(PFDs) or work vests. Under hypothermia conditions it may
be necessary to use insulated flotation suits. A boating
safety briefing should be provided for all personnel using
boats.
Small aircraft safety. Personnel working around or flying in rotary or small fixed wing
aircraft should receive a safety briefing from the pilot before
flight. In particular - safe approaches/exits, the locations of
floatation gear, and emergency exits.
High Noise Levels. Hearing protection should be used by all personnel routinely
working in high noise areas (84 dBA or 90 dBA). Locations likely
to exceed this level include the vicinity of vac-trucks, heavy
equipment, pumps, generators, and bird hazing stations.
Generally, where noise levels require personnel to raise their
voices to be heard, hearing protection should be used.
Animal hazards (insects, snakes, wildlife, etc.). These hazards are very site-specific.
Specific controls should be developed in consultation with local
game/wildlife officials, health service representatives, or other
experienced individuals (e.g., local utility companies often face these
hazards regularly). Personnel should be briefed on where potential
hazards are and provided, if possible, visual familiarization.
Wildlife hazards are one of the most frequently encountered hazards.
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This can range from oily waterfowl to bears. Personnel should not
underestimate the safety (and health) hazards associated with
oily/injured bird or mammal species. Sharp bills can injure eyes in
particular. These animals are frightened and very defensive at the
approach of people, and are often stronger than they appear. Dead
animals in general, should only be handled by specially trained
personnel.
Insects Hazards (e.g., mosquitoes and ticks). General controls might include long
sleeved clothing and insect repellent available for all personnel in
designated areas.
Poisonous Snakes. General controls include identification training, knee high rubber
boots, and snake bite kits for personnel in designated areas.
Poisonous Plants (e.g., poison ivy, oak, and sumac). Long sleeved clothing should
be worn in areas containing these plants. Areas known to contain
these plants should be marked/posted to the extent possible.
Emergency medical personnel should prescribe first aid
treatments.
Electrical Hazards. Electrical power lines (buried or overhead) should be marked on
applicable project maps and physically marked in the field as
necessary.
Carbon Monoxide. Vehicle/equipment operators should ensure that personnel are not
allowed to linger or work near exhaust pipes.
Falling Objects. Hard hat areas determined by site safety personnel should be noted
on site maps and enforced for all personnel entering these areas.
UV Light Exposure. Sunscreens of protection factor 15 (or greater) and UV tinted
safety glasses should be made available for response personnel
as needed to prevent overexposure to UV light.
Power Tools. Detailed requirements for hand and portable power tools (including jacks
and lawn mowers) are found in 29 CFR 1910.241 through 247.
Use insulated tools with the insulation in good condition. Power tools
should also be of the grounded type.
Ensure adequate guarding of hand tools.
Extension cords should also be grounded, have insulation in good
condition, and have appropriate lengths and gauges.
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Avoid electrocution hazards. In particular, power tools should not be
used outdoors when it is raining or around wet surfaces.
Eye protection should be used when working with power tools.
Handling drums, containers, and heavy loads. 29 CFR 1910.120(j) has specific
requirements regarding the handling of drums and containers on site.
There may be many containers used at a spill site ranging from plastic
bags to over pack drums to very large roll-off containers.
Some of the key elements:
 Use containers that are in good condition and adequate for the
selected use.
 Containers being transported for disposal must be properly
labeled.
 Containers being kept at temporary disposal staging areas
must be held in containment areas that will prevent runoff and
leaching of oily residues. Fire fighting-provisions should be
reviewed.
 Personnel should not be allowed to work under equipment
lifting loads.
 Unassisted manual lifting of heavy containers should be
avoided. Mechanical equipment, lifting aids (hand trucks or
support belts) , and partner lifts should be encouraged.
 Periodically personnel should be reminded of proper lifting
procedures.
Confined Space Safety. Confined spaces should not be entered unless a specific plan
has been developed for the space(s) of concern. Confined
spaces must first be tested and appropriate documentation
posted for entrants (e.g., confined space entry permit or
marine chemist certificate). Personnel entering these spaces
must be specially trained and equipped for confined space
entry.
When confined spaces are present on a site, measures must
also be taken to prevent accidental entry into confined spaces
by untrained or unprepared personnel. Confined spaces
should be noted on site safety maps and reviewed during site
safety briefings. Warning signs or barriers may also be
needed to prevent accidental entries. Personnel working
around confined spaces must understand the nature, hazards,
and policy regarding confined spaces.
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Heat Stress Considerations. Safety personnel should make heat stress
determinations throughout the day. If it is
determined that a heat stress hazard exists an
alert should be passed to all to implement periodic
rest periods. Fluids should be readily available.
Health Concerns: Excessive exposure to a hot working environment can bring
about a variety of heat-induced disorders.
Heat Stroke. Unless the heat stroke victim receives quick and appropriate
treatment, DEATH CAN OCCUR. Any person with signs of
symptoms of heat stroke requires immediate hospitalization. While
waiting for medical assistance first aid should be administered.
Heat Exhaustion. In most cases, treatment involves rest in a cool place and
drink plenty of liquids. Victims with mild cases of heat
exhaustion usually recover spontaneously with this treatment.
Preparing For Work in The Heat. Healthy personnel are generally capable of
adjusting to the heat. This adjustment usually
takes about 5 to 7 days during which time the
body will undergo changes that will make
continued exposure to heat more endurable.
Work/Rest Periods. Whenever possible work should be distributed evenly with
regular breaks scheduled. Providing cool rest areas in hot
work environments considerably reduces the stress of
working in the heat. Rest areas should be shaded and as
close to the work area as possible. Short but frequent rest
provides the best benefit.
Drinking Fluids. Most heat disorders involve excessive dehydration. It is
essential that water intake during the workday be about equal
to the amount of sweat produced.
Personnel should be encouraged to consume 5 to 7 ounces of
fluids every 15 to 20 minutes to replenish the fluids.
There is no optimum temperature of drinking water. Most
people tend to drink cool fluids.
CAMELBAKS are available and should be used.
Protective Clothing and Heat Stress. Clothing inhibits the transfer of heat.
Where the air temperature is lower than
skin temperature clothing reduces the
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body's ability to lose heat into the air.
When air temperature is higher than skin
temperature clothing helps to prevent the
transfer of heat from the air to the body.
The advantage of wearing additional
clothes, however, may be nullified if the
clothes interfere with the evaporation of
sweat (such as rain slickers or chemical
protective clothing).
Medical Surveillance. 29 CFR 1910.120(f) requires medical surveillance for
certain categories of personnel. The four primary categories are:
1. Members of hazmat teams (as defined in the OSHA standard, basically any
group of personnel "who are expected to perform work to handle and control
actual or potential leaks or spills of hazardous substances requiring possible
close approach to the substance");
2. Personnel injured due to overexposure from an incident;
3. Personnel who are or may be exposed to hazardous substances or health
hazards at or above the OSHA permissible exposure limits (PELs) or above
other published exposure levels if no PEL exists for 30 days or more a year
(exposure is assessed without regarding use of respirators as a mitigating
control); and
4. All response personnel wearing respirators for 30 days or more a year.
Sanitation Requirements
Potable water. An adequate supply of potable water, or other drinking fluids,
shall be maintained at all times. Containers for drinking fluids
should close tightly and be equipped with a tap. These containers
must be labeled so they are not accidentally used for other
purposes. Where single service cups are supplied, the unused
cups shall be maintained in a sanitary container; and a separate
disposal container provided for used cups.
Non-potable water. Water intended for uses other than drinking or washing
should be labeled as it is not accidentally used for drinking,
washing, or cooking. There shall be no cross-connection of
potable and non-potable water supplies.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
SAFE WORK PRACTICE - HOT WEATHER
Heat Stroke. Heat stroke is the most serious of health problems associated with
working in hot environments. It occurs when the body's temperature
regulatory system fails and sweating becomes inadequate.
A heat stroke victim's skin is hot, usually dry, red or spotted. Body
temperature is usually 105 degrees F or higher, and the victim is mentally
confused, delirious, perhaps in convulsions, or unconscious.
Any person with signs/symptoms of heat stroke requires immediate first
aid or hospitalization. This includes removing the victim to a cool area,
thoroughly soaking the clothing with water, and vigorously fanning the
body to increase cooling.
Heat Exhaustion. Heat exhaustion symptoms may resemble the early symptoms of
heat stroke. Heat exhaustion is caused by the loss of large amounts
of fluid by sweating, sometimes with excessive loss of salt. Those
suffering from heat exhaustion still sweat but experiences extreme
weakness or fatigue, giddiness, nausea, or headache. In more
serious cases, the victim may vomit or lose consciousness. The skin
is clammy and moist, the complexion is pale or flushed and the body
temperature is normal or only slightly elevated.
In most cases, treatment involves having the victim rest in a cool
place and drink plenty of liquids. Victims with mild cases of heat
exhaustion usually recover quickly with this treatment.
Fainting. A worker who is not accustomed to hot environments and who stands erect
and immobile in the heat is susceptible to fainting. With enlarged blood
vessels in the skin and in the lower part of the body due to the body's
attempts to control internal temperature, blood may pool there rather than
return to the heart to be pumped to the brain. By moving around, and thereby
preventing blood from pooling, the patient can prevent further fainting.
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Heat Rash. Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, is likely to occur in hot, humid
environments where heat is not easily removed from the surface of the skin
by evaporation and the skin remains wet most of the time. The sweat ducts
become plugged, and a skin rash soon appears. When the rash is
extensive or when it is complicated by infection, prickly heat can be very
uncomfortable. The worker can prevent this condition by resting in a cool
place part of each day and by regularly bathing and drying the skin.
Preparing For Work in the Heat
Gradual exposure to heat gives the body time to become accustomed to higher
environmental temperatures. Heat disorders in general are more likely to occur among
workers who are not adjusted to working in the heat or among workers who have been
away from hot environments.
The amount of heat produced during hard, steady work is much higher than that
produced during intermittent or light work.
Rest Areas. Resting in cool, shaded areas can considerably reduce the stress of
working in a hot environment.
Drinking Water. In the course of a day's work in the heat, a worker may produce as
much as 2 to 3 gallons of sweat. It is essential that water intake during
the workday be about equal to the amount of sweat produced. Most
workers exposed to hot conditions drink less fluids than needed.
Don’t depend on thirst to signal when and how much to drink. Instead,
drink 5 to 7 ounces of fluids every 15 to 20 minutes to replenish the
necessary fluids in the body. There is no optimum temperature of
drinking water, but most people tend to drink cool fluids. Individual
drinking cups should be provided--never use a common drinking cup.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICE: MANUAL LIFTING
Lifting and moving objects such as drums, boxes and bags of debris are a routine part
of work. However, incorrect lifting and moving of objects can cause serious injury to the
lower back. Below are some helpful suggestions to avoid injury while lifting or moving
objects.
Use available machinery and lifting equipment before lifting heavy loads manually.
Have someone help you with a heavy load (even a load within personal capacity can
cause back injury). Use team work for numerous small loads (e.g., stock piles of trash
bags full of debris).
Use of Chemical Protective Equipment will restrict movement and visibility. Use extra
care while lifting in this equipment.
Position feet properly. It is important to maintain balance and avoid twisting motions
while lifting. Feet should not be close together. The feet should be close to the load to
help keep the body close to the center of gravity. One foot should be positioned in the
direction the load will be moved to avoid twisting or turning of the back during the lift.
Turn using your feet and not by twisting the back.
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Before and during the lift pull the load close to you to keep the center of gravity over
your feet.
Check your grip and test the weight of the load before lifting.
The back should be straight when starting the lift and the knees should be doing the
bending. This will help to ensure that much of the lifting is done with the legs. To help
keep the back straight the chin should be tucked in and head kept up.
Keep the stomach muscles tight while lifting. Keep your back straight during the lift and
avoid twisting motions in particular.
Move slowly and deliberately.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICE: BOAT OPERATIONS
Boat operators should familiarize themselves, and passengers with safety features and
equipment on their boats. Boats are to be operated only by qualified personnel.
Life jackets, work vests, mustang suits, or other appropriate Coast Guard approved
Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs) should be worn by personnel in small boats.
Exposure suits are particularly critical in extremely cold conditions.
Types of Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs)
TYPE I
Off-shore life jacket provides the most buoyancy. It is effective for all waters
and intended specifically for open, rough or remote waters where rescue may
be delayed.
Type II Near-shore buoyancy vests are intended for calm, inland water or where
there is a good chance of quick rescue.
Type III Flotation aids are good for calm, inland water, or where there is a good
chance of quick rescue. Examples: float coats, fishing vests, and ski vests.
Type IV These are throwable devices, not intended to be worn or to replace those that
are worn.
Type V (Special Use) These are intended for specific activities (according to the
conditions on the labels). Some examples: deck suits, mustang suits, work
vests, and hybrid PFDs below.
Type V (Hybrid Inflatables). These PFDs contain a small amount of inherent buoyancy
and an inflatable chamber.
Small boats should generally not be operated for after sunset. If this is required and
poses minimal risk, routes of operations, communication requirements should be
carefully prescribed. Each boat will be fully equipped with appropriate running lights and
emergency signaling devices.
Distress signals (three or more for day and three or more for night) should be carried on
board all vessels.
Boat operators must keep their supervisors informed of their area of operations.
Boat operators should never anchor their boats by the stern. This is typically the lowest
point on the boat due to design and/or loading, and is often squared off making it
vulnerable to swamping.
Portable fuel tanks should be filled outside of the boat. All sources of ignition in the
area of fueling (e.g., engines, stoves or heat producing equipment, and electrical
equipment) should be secured while fueling.
Strict adherence to the buddy system must be observed in small boats; and all boats
should be in direct visual or radio contact with a shore base at all times.
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To avoid slipping on wet decks or falling in small boats, personnel should remain seated
while boat is underway. Horseplay and speeding is strictly prohibited. Boat operators
must also ensure that boats are not overloaded.
Boat shoes, safety sunglasses and hearing protection should be worn by personnel
working in or operating small boats where appropriate.
Depending on the specific nature of the operations (e.g., work in remote areas), other
emergency equipment which should be considered such as: anchors, radios, bailers,
first aid kits, and additional means of propulsion (e.g., paddles).
Boat personnel are cautioned not to use their legs as fenders, or get their hands, arms,
or legs between vessels or between vessels and docks.
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SITE SAFETY PLAN - HURRICANE KATRINA – ENVIRONMENTAL BRANCH
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SAFE WORK PRACTICE: DRUM HANDLING
Handling Drums.
A specific work plan has been developed for handling storage of drums or containers.
The plan outlines the appropriate PPE.





Drums shall be inspected and properly labeled.
Movement of drums must be kept to a minimum.
Whenever possible, drums shall not be moved manually.
Prior to shipment, each drum must be in good condition (or over-packed) and
properly labeled in accordance with DOT requirements.
A log shall be maintained to track sampling, re-packing/over-packing,
bulking/consolidation, on-site movement, off -site shipment of each drum.
Opening and sampling drums.
When opening drums, minimize number of employees in the work area.
When drums are moved from their original locations to a work area or staging area, a
spill containment area must be constructed for those locations. The containment should
be able to contain the maximum loss from any of the containers in the area.
Safe access and egress points must be provided to all staging areas. Adequate room
and ramps must be provided for heavy equipment used to handle drums. A secondary
emergency egress point must also be identified.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICE: DRIVING AND VEHICLES
One of the most dangerous operations performed by personnel is driving to and from
the site. This is particularly true when driving unfamiliar vehicles.
Familiarize yourself with your vehicle before driving. Walk around and check the outside
condition, familiarize yourself with the interior, and make all adjustments before driving a
vehicle. Check for these:
____
signs of accident damage:
____
tires inflated, in good condition, changing equipment
____
gas cap is in place
____
hood and trunk secured
____
locate emergency kit
____
check exterior lights - function properly
____
headlights (dim)
____
headlights (bright)
____
parking lights
____
emergency flashers (front and rear)
____
turn signals (front and rear)
____
brake lights
____
side/rear mirrors adjusted and in good condition
____
horn works properly
____
seat belts are in good condition
____
locate your sunglasses
____
locate the headlight switch/dimmer
____
locate the windshield wiper switch
___
heating and air conditioning switches
____
check gauges
DRIVE CAREFULLY!
GET YOUR ATTITUDE RIGHT before driving!
Remember no reckless driving.
Forget schedules while driving! The road is no place to make up lost time.
SETTLE DOWN! Do not bring frustrations into the vehicle with you.
Make up your mind to be the most courteous driver on the road. Forget about getting
even with bad drivers on the road. Forget about competing with other drivers.
Expect other drivers to make stupid mistakes, and prepare to deal with their mistakes.
Expect the other drivers to break the rules.
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Use your headlights during all conditions of reduced visibility (dawn, dusk, fog).
Do not drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Only time will make you sober.
Look ahead for problems and maintain a safe distance behind the car in front of you.
Slow and steady is the best pace for driving on snow, ice, or other slippery road
surfaces. Do not hit your brakes hard or accelerate quickly.
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09/04/05
SAFE WORK PRACTICES:
GENERAL PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Hearing Protection
A noise level of 90 decibels (dBa) or greater is known to be a long term hazard to
anyone who is not wearing hearing protection; OSHA has also established 85 dBa as
an "Action Level" because some people may suffer long term effects from exposure to
that level. Hearing protection devices are available, and should be worn.
Hearing Protection Devices:
Expandable Foam Earplugs
The expandable foam earplugs come with or without a cord attached to the plugs. To
use roll the plug into a narrow cylinder, insert them all the way into the ear canal, these
plugs work by expanding to take on the shape and size of the ear canal.
These plugs are considered disposable, and must be discarded after a daily or single
usage, in order to avoid the possibility of infection from accumulated dirt and/or germs.
Sized Rubber Earplugs
These come in a variety of sizes to accommodate most ear canals. These plugs are not
considered disposable, and should be cared for and kept clean and free from potential
infection. They should be washed with mild soap and water after each usage, and
stored in a clean area.
Earmuffs
Earmuffs are also not considered disposable, and should be cared for and kept clean in
the same manner as rubber earplugs. It must be noted that the full benefit of wearing
earmuffs cannot be obtained while wearing glasses, because the temple pieces on the
glasses interfere with the sealing surface on the ear.
Noise Reduction Ratings are assigned to all pieces of hearing protection. Earplugs and
earmuffs are assigned Noise Reduction Ratings anywhere from 20 to 35 decibels,
meaning that if worn properly, that device will reduce the noise level that many decibels.
HEAD PROTECTION
Head injuries are caused by falling or flying objects, or by bumping the head against a
fixed object. The general rule is hard hats are required unless otherwise specified by
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the Safety Officer.
For maximum protection hard hats are designed to be worn straight on the head with
the peak forward. The shell and suspension have been engineered and constructed of
materials to provide maximum protection – do not alter the shell or suspension system.
FACE and EYE PROTECTION
The general rule is face and eye protection is required unless otherwise specified by the
Safety Officer.
The minimum acceptable eye protection is safety glasses with side shields that comply
with ANSI Standard Z87.1.
Ordinary personal prescription glasses and commercial safety glasses do not meet this
standard and are not permitted. Safety eyewear must be worn in all work areas.
Contact lenses do not constitute eye protection.
Goggles and face shields are required for work that could generate excessive particles
or present the possibility of a liquid/chemical splash. Face shields add to the protection
of the face and eye area and are to be worn with goggles and/or safety glasses.
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09/04/05
SAFE WORK PRACTICES:
GENERAL PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
HAND PROTECTION
The potential for hand injury comes from contact with sharp objects, pinch-points, force,
impact; hand burns from contact with high temperatures, with acidic or caustic
materials; or other reaction-types of injury from chemicals in general.
No one type of glove protects against all hazards. Some work may require only general
purpose leather work glove, while other work may require a variety of gloves for the
potential hand hazards they may encounter. Whatever the application gloves should be
worn continuously. The only exception would be if a certain activity would be more
hazardous with gloves on (such as working around rotating equipment - lathes, etc.).
Handling Objects & Materials
Before grasping objects, inspect them for sharp edges, nails, splinters, metal particles,
burrs, or rough surfaces. Do not slide hands along edges of object to grasp them.
Do not use your hands to do the work that vises and clamps are meant to do; and do
not use your hands to guide work through table saws - use pusher sticks.
Always keep guards in place on tools and machinery, and keep hands away from
moving, rotating, and cutting parts. Avoid wearing rings and jewelry that can be caught
in equipment.
Always cut away from the body when using knives, and keep the opposite hand clear of
the knife's path.
When removing metal shavings or chips, use a brush, because some of these particles
can cut right through gloves.
Always make sure electrically driven equipment is not only shut off at the switch, but
shut off and locked out and tagged at the breaker before beginning to do any work on
such equipment
Never use compressed air to remove dirt from the hands or body.
FOOT PROTECTION
There is potential for injury in dropping or mishandling loads that are being lifted,
carried, or pushed or pulled manually. Other risks are from falling objects, mobile
equipment, walking into objects, or from hydraulic equipment.
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Foot protection, such as steel toed work shoes can help to minimize the severity and
frequency of foot and toe injuries.
Personnel in work areas must wear foot protection consisting of a shoe with a sturdy
leather or leather-like upper and an oil resistant sole. Soft leather uppers or soft-toed
uppers are not allowed. Shoes must be fully enclosed (no open toes or heels) and
resistant to the hazards encountered (i.e., acids caustics, slippery surfaces, etc.). When
climbing ladders, stairs, etc. the shoes should have a heel to prevent slippage.
Steel-toed work shoes are not required but are strongly recommended.
Office personnel may wear non-work shoes while in office areas. However, appropriate
work shoes must be worn when going out into field locations.
Sneakers or causal shoes are not allowed in work areas.
Additional foot protection may be required for specific work such as working on boats or
around spilled material the safety plan will outline the specific protective equipment for
specific types of work.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES: General First Aid
Individuals providing first aid care should note that it is possible to be exposed to
infectious diseases due to contact with injured people who may be infectious, or
contaminated objects during the course of performing first aid duties. Examples of such
infectious diseases are Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). Proper personal protective equipment is a must to prevent exposure.
Individuals who may have or suspect they may have been exposed should report the
incident immediately. Immediately following a report of an exposure incident a
confidential medical evaluation and follow-up conducted.
The primary goal is to stop/reduce the bleeding, treat for traumatic shock, and obtain
medical care promptly. To accomplish this:
 Apply direct pressure with a clean cloth pad, or place hand firmly over the wound.
 When possible, clean the wound with soap and water and remove all foreign matter.
 Maintain pressure until bleeding stops or lessens.
 Apply additional cloth pads and bind firmly in place. Do not use rope or wire for this
purpose.
 Keep the patient lying down, insulated from cold surfaces, but don't induce sweating.
If thirsty, give water if there is no evidence of internal bleeding or if not semiconscious.
 If severe bleeding can not be controlled by direct pressure, arterial pressure should
be used.
 When there is bleeding from the mouth, nose, or ears, there may be serious internal
wounds. Keep patient lying down and warm (not the point he may sweat). Raise his
head if his breathing is difficult. Make sure his mouth and nose are clear of all
matter.
A fracture is a break in any bone in the body. These are the various types of fractures:
 Simple fracture is a break that is confined inside the flesh without protrusion of a
broken end through the skin.
 Compound fracture is associated with an open wound of the skin.
 A dislocation occurs when a movable bone is displaced from its joint.
 Sprains are injuries to ligaments and tendons that result from abnormal stretching of
these tissues at a bone joint.
First Aid Measures
Call for help immediately. Control bleeding and immobilize the fractured area. Always
suspect head or spinal injury where there have been severe blows to the head or back
from falls or other causes. A person with a possible upper or lower spine fracture must
not be moved unless it is absolutely necessary. Do not attempt to reposition any
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dislocated joint.
Sprains are common. Symptoms are swelling, tenderness, and painful motion. There
also may be large discolored areas. Some symptoms resemble those for fractures,
knowing the cause of the injury is of help in deciding how to treat.
If there is a possibility of a fracture, immobilize the body part. Otherwise, apply cold
water or an ice pack. Do not walk on a badly sprained ankle without proper support.
Leave the shoe on but with laces loosened on high-cut shoes.
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ATV Safety Practices
Operating ATV’s can be hazardous if safety practices are not followed:

Wear proper protective clothing. This includes an approved helmet, gloves, eye
protection, a long-sleeved shirt, and long pants.

Inspect the ATV before you begin.

Be aware of potential hazards/obstructions that may be present in the area where
you are operating.

DO NOT carry passengers.

Be aware of your surroundings.

Watch out for other personnel and equipment.
Handling characteristics of ATVs vary depending upon basic design and how they are
equipped.
ATVs with solid rear axles (and those with locked differentials) turn both rear wheels at
the same speed. ATVs with unlocked differentials allow the rear wheels to turn at
different speeds. If a rear wheel leaves the ground, it will spin freely. Then when it
touches the ground again, it may grab and cause loss of control.
Some ATVs are equipped with four-wheel drive. When operating in a four-wheel drive
mode, keep the following in mind:

Use of only the front brake or only the rear brake has the effect of braking both the
front and rear wheels.

Abrupt deceleration from shifting to a lower gear (engine braking) will affect both the
front and rear wheels.
Posture
The correct riding posture will help you to easily operate the controls and help you react
more quickly to potential hazards. Proper straight line riding posture includes:

Head and eyes up, looking well ahead

Shoulders relaxed, elbows bent slightly out, away from your body

Hands on the handlebars

Knees in toward the gas tank

Feet on the footrests, toes pointing straight ahead

Always keep both hands on the handlebars and both feet on the footrests. Removing
even one hand or foot can reduce your ability to control the ATV, or could cause you
to lose your balance and fall off. ATVs are rider-active—to enhance the performance
capabilities of the ATV in maneuvers such as turning, negotiating hills, and crossing
obstacles, you must shift your body weight.
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09/04/05
Gasoline Safety
This storm created gasoline shortages. As a result, many motorists are carrying large
quantities of gasoline in portable storage containers in their vehicles. These containers
should be carried outside off the passenger compartment if at all possible.
Gasoline is a flammable liquid and should be stored at room temperature, away from
potential ignition sources such as sparks and flames, space heater, and any other
ignition sources. Gasoline vapors are heavier than air and can travel along the ground
to an ignition source.
Refueling Advisory
Be aware that fire incidents involving refueling are not unusual. Many of these incidents
may be related to static electricity buildup and discharge.
Safety guidelines on filling containers:
 Do not smoke while refueling.
 Shut off the engine using the gasoline along with any engines in the immediate
vicinity.
 Only store gasoline in containers with approved labels. Never store gasoline in glass
or unapproved containers.
 Portable containers must be placed on the ground, and the nozzle must stay in
contact with the container when filling, to prevent buildup and discharge of static
electricity.
 Fill the container at a slow rate. This will decrease the chance of static ignition
buildup and minimize incidents of spillage or splattering.
 Keep your face away from the nozzle or container opening.
 Avoid prolonged breathing of gasoline vapors.
 Never siphon gasoline by mouth. Do not put gasoline in your mouth—gasoline can
be harmful or fatal if swallowed. If someone swallows gasoline, do not induce
vomiting. Call for medical assistance immediately.
 Keep gasoline away from your eyes and skin, because it may cause irritation. Wear
safety glasses while filling tanks.
 Use gasoline only in open areas that get plenty of fresh air.
 Never use gasoline to wash your hands.
 Remove gasoline-soaked clothing immediately.
 Fill container to no more than 95 percent full to allow for expansion.
 Place cap tightly on the container after filling. Do not use containers that do not seal
properly.
 When transporting gasoline in a portable container, make sure the container is
secure from tipping and sliding.
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Danger: Medical Waste and Needles
Protect yourself from needle sticks and contact with medical waste while picking up
debris from the shoreline area. All types of debris wash up on the shoreline including
medical waste such as used hypodermic needles.
Be Cautious while picking up debris.
If you see medical waste such as hypodermic needles notify your supervisor
immediately. Use grabbing tools to pick up debris—do not pick up with your hands.
If you are stuck by a needle immediately notify your supervisor who will arrange for
medical attention.
Why do you need medical attention?
Because needle stick injuries can expose workers to a number of bloodborne
pathogens that can cause serious or fatal infections. The pathogens that pose the most
serious health risks are:
 Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
 Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -- the virus that causes AIDS
To date only one hypodermic needle has been report along the shoreline. But there is
always the possibility of more hypodermic needles and other medical waste.
Be very careful!
Sharps containers and medical waste will be provided in each work area. All sharps like
hypodermic needles must be disposed of in sharps containers and medical waste such
as used bandages must be disposed of in the appropriate medical waste bag.
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