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Transcript
Power SystemOperation and Control (EET 415) Laboratory Module EXPERIMENT 4 TIE LINE SCHEDULING 1. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the variation of frequency due to load and generation mismatch. . 2. EQUIPMENT: MiPower software 3. INTRODUCTION: Almost all generating companies have tie-line interconnections to neighboring utilities. Tie-line allow the sharing of generation resources in emergencies and economies of power production under normal conditions of operation. For the purpose of controlling the entire interconnected system, the system will be divided into control areas. which usually conform to the boundaries of one or more companies. The net interchange of power over the tie lines is the algebraic difference between area generation and area load. A schedule is prearranged with neighboring areas for such tie-line flows, so as long as a area maintains the interchange power on schedule, it is evidently fulfilling its primary responsibility to absorb its own load changes. But since each area shares in the benefits of interconnected operation, it is expected also to share the responsibility to maintain system frequency. Frequency dependant load flows is done to find the variation of frequency due to load and generation mismatch. The types of FDLA are a) Flat Tie-Line Control. b) Flat Frequency Control. In Flat Tie-Line Control, the power generation is kept constant and a slight variation of frequency is allowed. If the load is capered more to the generation, there will be reduction and vice versa. In Flat Frequency control, the frequency is kept constant and variation of power is allowed. Each generator is given a participation factor, which decides the power it shares when there is mismatch between load and generation due to frequency being kept constant. Universiti Malaysia Perlis– Exp.1 (Revision 1) 1 Power SystemOperation and Control (EET 415) Laboratory Module 4. PROCEDURE FIGURE 1 Figure 1 shows a 5-bus power system network of an Electric Utility Company. The generation schedule, load data, and transmission line impedance are given in Table 1, 2, 3 respectively. The line impedance is given on 100 MVA base. Bus 1 is selected as slack bus. Conduct Frequency Dependant Load Flow Analysis for a) Flat Tie-Line Control b) Flat Frequency Control Note: De-Rated MVA for all transmission line is 100MVA. Assume the base voltage for the bus as 220kV and system frequency as 50 Hz. PLEASE UNCHECKED THE LIBRARIES DIALOG BOX AFTER YOU HAVE CONFIGURE THE DATABASE. Universiti Malaysia Perlis– Exp.1 (Revision 1) 2 Power SystemOperation and Control (EET 415) Laboratory Module GENERATION DATA Bus Voltage No Magnitude DeRated MVA MW Gen/Schedule Mvar Min Max Min Max Power 1 1.06 100 80 0 80 0 60 2 1.0 50 40 0 40 30 30 Table 1.0 LOAD DATA Bus Load No MW Mvar 2 20 10 3 45 15 4 40 5 5 60 10 Table 2.0 LINE DATA From Bus i to Bus j R X B/2 1-2 0.02 0.06 0.03 1-3 0.08 0.24 0.025 2-3 0.06 0.18 0.02 2-4 0.06 0.18 0.02 2-5 0.04 0.12 0.015 3-4 0.01 0.03 0.01 4-5 0.08 0.24 0.025 Table 3.0 Universiti Malaysia Perlis– Exp.1 (Revision 1) 3 Power SystemOperation and Control (EET 415) Laboratory Module Bus No and Area designated Bus No Area Bus 1,3 and 4 1 Bus 2 and 5 2 1. Open Power System Network Editor. 2. Refer to the user manual provided to you for the procedure to draw all relevant and necessary elements and inputting database configuration for the system. 3. After finish editing, run the load flow program. Select fast De-Coupled technique and set P and Q tolerances at 0.01. 4. Print out the Single line diagram with all revelant data. Also print out the output data. 5. From the printed result, observed the MW generation for Generator 1. This will be your Generation schedule and Pmax for the Gen 1when you conduct the Frequency Dependant Load Flow analysis. 6. What is the frequency of the system and the MW generation for Area1 and Area 2? Procedure to conduct Frequency Dependant Load Flow (Flat Tie-Line Control). 7. Use the obtained MW generation at Gen 1 from the initial load flow information as schedule power and Pmax for Gen 1. 8. Change the load data of Bus 2 from 20 MW to 30MW 9. Conduct load flow analysis once again, select Frequency Dependant Concept LFA option on load flow analysis screen. Also select Flat Tie Line Control on FDLC options. And maximum generation bus on Slack Bus option. Universiti Malaysia Perlis– Exp.1 (Revision 1) 4 Power SystemOperation and Control (EET 415) Laboratory Module 10. After execution, print out the data and the single line diagram. 11. What is the system new frequency? 12. Then Change the Load data at Bus 2 from 30MW to 15MW. Conduct load flow analysis as per procedure 9.What is yr observations from the results obtain? Procedure to conduct Frequency Dependant Load Flow (Flat Frequency Control). 13. Change Back the load at Bus 2 to 20 MW 14. Change Real power maximum of Gen 1 to 150MW and Pmax for Gen 2 to 60MW. 15. Also input the participation factor for Gen 1 at 25% and Gen 2 at 75%. 16. Follow procedure no 3 to 4. On Load Flow Type option, select Frequency . dependant Concept LFA. Also select Flat Frequency Control on FDLC option. Select 0(max generation bus) for Slack Bus option. 17. Execute the program. What is the total MW generation for area 1 and area 2? 18. Now, increase the Load data at Bus 2 from 20 MW to 30Mw. Execute the program again. What is total MW generation for area 1 and 2 and Total area interchange error of MW generation for the system? 19. Now change the participation factor as per Table below. Conduct FDLF for Flat Frequency Control again for each case. Universiti Malaysia Perlis– Exp.1 (Revision 1) 5 Power SystemOperation and Control (EET 415) Laboratory Module Participation Factor Gen 1 Gen 2 Case 2 50 50 Case 3 75 25 20. For each case what is the total generation for Area 1 and 2? Also what is the area MW interchange error for the system? 21. What is your observation from the result obtained? Universiti Malaysia Perlis– Exp.1 (Revision 1) 6 Power SystemOperation and Control (EET 415) Laboratory Module PART B: QUESTIONS 1. Three generating units operating in parallel at 60 Hz have ratings of 300,500, 600 MW and have speed droop characteristic of 5, 4 and 3% respectively. Due to a change in load, an increased in system frequency of 0.3Hz is experience before any supplementary control action occurs. Determine the amount of change in system load and the mount o the change in generation of each unit to absorb the load. 2. Two system areas connected by a tie line with the following characteristics Area 1 Area 2 Speed Regulation R 0.01 pu 0.02 pu Percent Change in Load for a 0.8 pu 1.0pu 500MVA 500MVA change in Freq,D Base MVA A load change of 100MW (0.2pu) occurs in area 1. What is the new steady state frequency and what is the change in tie flow? Nominal frequency for the system is 50 Hz. Universiti Malaysia Perlis– Exp.1 (Revision 1) 7 Power SystemOperation and Control (EET 415) Laboratory Module DISCUSSION CONCLUSION Universiti Malaysia Perlis– Exp.1 (Revision 1) 8