Download ראש הטופס Which of the following has the greatest influence in

Which of the following has the greatest influence in promoting the
manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus?
bacterial infection
exposure to untraviolet light
genetic predisposition
trauma
viral infections
Each of the following is typically associated with scleroderma EXCEPT....
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Raynaud"s phenomenon
pulmonary fibrosis
esophageal fibrosis
intimal hyperplasia of renal arterioles
Each of the following is an important route of HIV transmission EXCEPT...
aerosol droplet transmission
blood transfusion
heterosexual venereal contact
intrauterine mother-to-fetus passage
intravenous drug abuse
Which statement relating to autoimmune disease is not appropriate?
There is increased incidence among females, especially with a typical
genetic make-up and in particular with regards to the HLA typing.
Clonal elimination of "forbidden clones" is one of the methods of
tolerance.
Tolerance is the ability of the body to differentiate self from non-self
antigens.
Androgens are incriminated in the acceleration of autoimmune disease.
Horrow autotoxicus implies the Type II hypersensitivity reaction
especially related to increased T-cell function.
Tissue injury in systemic lupus erythematosus is primarily mediated by:
Activation of complement by immune complexes
IgE
Lymphokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Serum sickness is characterized by each of the following EXCEPT...
circulating antigen-antibody comlexes
erythematous rash, urticaria, arthralgia
hypercomplementemia
occurs a number of days after exposure to antigen
Infants with immunodeficiency syndromes typically come to medical attention
only after 5-6 months of age because...
infants are not exposed to pathogenic microorganisms before that age
antibody production by the newborn declines during the first 5-6 months
of life
maternally-derived Ig circulating in the infant declines after birth and
becomes insufficient for defense against infection by 5-6 months
during the first year of life, the infant"s immune system makes mostly
IgM and this antibody class is ineffective in host defense
in such syndromes antibody production by the infant is normal at birth nd
only ceases at an age of 5-6 months
istologic features of a three-day-old myocardial infarct include all of the
following EXCEPT...
necrotic muscle fibers
interstitial polymorphonuclear leukocytes
dilated capillaries with hemorrhage
infiltration of numerous pigment-laden macrophages
The disorder erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease of the newborn is
related to the following EXCEPT...
is attributable in large measure to transplacental transfer of maternal IgM
with anti-erythrocyte specificity
can usually be prevented by minimizing the chances of sensitization of a
susceptible female
may be followed by serious neurologic disease
may be due to either ABO or Rh incompatibility
The most common cause of ischemic heart disease is:
Coronary artery atherosclerosis
Coronary artery spasm
Coronary arteritis
Coronary artery dissection
Embolus from aortic valve endocarditis
It is postulated that initiating mechanisms of autoimmune disease may include all
of the following, Except:
Antibodies to foreign antigens that cross react with self antigens
Emergence of sequestered antigens
Emergence of forbidden clones
Exposure of fetus to antigen in utero
A 70 year old man is involved in a motor vehicle accident. A pelvic radiograph
is taken to determine if a fracture is present. There is no fracture but there is
increased brightness of the small muscular arteries in the region of the pelvis
as a result of calcification. The MOST probably explanation for this finding is....
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
Medial calcific sclerosis
Metastatic calcification
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
The principal cells involved in allergic dermatitis are:
Eosinophils
Mast cells
PMN
Plasma cells
Soon after birth, a female neonate develops tetany from hypocalcemia. Within
the next year, this infant has bouts of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia,
Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia, and parainfluenza virus and herpes simplex
virus upper respiratory infections. A cardiac murmur is present. Which of the
following mechanisms is responsible for the clinical features seen in this case?
Malformation of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
Failure of maturation of B cells into plasma cells
A deficiency of adenine deaminase
Human immunodeficiency virus infection
Failure of differentiation of pre-B cells inot B cells
A myocardial infarct which is grossly detectable, yellow to gray in color and
microscopically contains much debris, many macrophages, little hemosiderin, a
few eosinophils and early granulation tissue is probably how old?
1 hour
12 hours
1 day
1 week
1 month
Delayed hypersensitivity is responsible for most of the tissue injury in...
tuberculosis
abscesses
both
neither
Atherosclerosis is characterized by :
Lesions in the intima
Disintegration of the internal elastic lamina in advanced lesions
Higher frequency in large muscular arteries and lower frequency in
smaller arteries
Is considered by some scientists an autoimmune reaction of the artery
A blood transfusion reaction caused by transfusion of type A blood into a type B
individual is an example of a(n)
atopic reaction
antibody-mediated cytotoxic reaction
immune complex reaction
delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Characteristics of infarcts in patients who die of acute myocardial infarction wtih
cardiogenic shock include...
involvement of more than 35 percent of the left ventricle
transmural involvement
both
neither
Myocardial rupture following myocardial infarction usually occurs :
Immediately after myocardial infarction.
Within the first 3 days after myocardial infarction.
Is so rare that it can be ignored.
5-9 days after myocardial infarction.
More than 2 weeks following myocardial infarction.
Which one of the following is NOT an organ specific autoimmune disease?
Addison"s disease
Juvenile diabetes mellitus = IDDM
Hashimoto"s thyroiditis
Pernicious anemia
Rheumatoid arthritis
Each of the following fits in the same category of allergic disease EXCEPT.....
allergic rhinitis
asthma
serum sickness
systemic anaphylaxis
urticaria
An autoimmune reaction is best characterized as one that...
protects against other diseases
involves heterologous antibodies
both
neither
Which of the following is/are characteristics of T-lymphocytes?
Rarely play an important role in the resistance to pathogens such as TB,
fungi and certain viruses
Give rise to plasma cells when stimulated
Are found in the paracortical areas of lymph nodes and the cuff areas
surrounding germinal centers of lymphoid tissue
Act primarily through immunoglobulin mediators
Which of the following is most commonly affected by atherosclerosis?
Ascending aorta
Descending thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
Cerebral arteries
Coronary arteries
A patient dies suddenly two weeks after an acute myocardial infarction. Which
of the following is the least likely cause of death?
embolization from acute bacterial endocarditis
extension of infarct to the conduction bundle resulting in cardiogenic
shock
rupture of the myocardium with acute tamponade
rupture of a papillary muscle resulting in acute mitral insufficiency
embolization from mural thrombus to cerebral vessels
Which of the following statements is true:
Atherosclerosis is a disease of wear and tear and is an inevitable
accompaniment of aging in man.
Atherosclerosis is a relatively recent phenomenon in Western
industrialized countries and therefore must be due to some unidentified
aspect of the industrial revolution.
Of all known risk factors, a lifetime of moderate physical activity is the
most likely to reduce the prevalence of atherosclerosis.
If aortic fatty streaks are seen on autopsies of the young of a given
population, a high incidence of clinical atherosclerosis later in life in that
population is known to occur.
It is possible to influence the likelihood of clinical atherosclerosis by
modifying one or more aspects of our lifestyle.
A 7-month old child was hospitalized for a yeast infection that would not
respond to therapy. She had a history of repeated infections with pyogenic
bacteria. Examination revealed lymphopenia, lack of a thymus shadow on xray, extrememly low levels of circulating Ig of all classes and absence of B cells
demonstrated by fluorescent anatibody staining of a lymph node biopsy. These
findings are most compatible with a diagnosis of...
AIDS
multiple myeloma
chronic granulomatous disease
Bruton"s syndrome
severe combined immunodeficiency disease
A 55-year-old man undergoes a right total hip replacement. During the surgery
he receives 2 units of packed red blood cells, one of which came from a
directed donation from his brother. Over the next week he develops worsening
liver function, becomes septic, and dies. What is the most likely explanation for
these findings?
Donor lymphocytes attacked recipient tissues
He did not receive cyclosporine therapy
One of the units came from an unrelated donor
Preformed antibodies to the transfused cells were present
Red blood cells strongly express MHC I antigens
A 49-year old man is treated appropriately in the hospital for an acute
myocardial infarction. He does well until day five of hospitalization when you
are called to see the patient, his condition having suddenly deteriorated. You
find on physical exam distended neck veins, prominent hepatojugular reflux
and distant heart sounds. The patient quickly lapses into shock and dies in
spite of supportive treatment. At postmortem you would most likely find...
an uncomplicated subendocardial infarct of the left ventricle
an uncomplicated subendocardial infarct of the right ventricle
rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle
rupture of the papillary muscle of the mitral vavle
rupture of the papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve
Eosinophilia (an increase in the number of circulating eosinophils) is seen in...
allergic diseases
parasitic diseases
both
neither
Death within the first 24 hours following an acute myocardial infarction is most
often due to....
pericardial tamponade
mitral insufficiency
cerebrovascular accident
cardiogenic shock
congestive heart failure
Which of the following risk factors is least important in the development of
atherosclerosis?
Advancing age
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Type A personality
Diabetes mellitus
In a moderate sized myocardial infarct it would take approximately how long to
replace the necrotic muscle with fibrous tissue?
2 days
2 weeks
2 months
2 years
A 45-year-old man arrived in the emergency room complaining of chest pain of
2 hours" duration. The EKG was equivocal for acute myocardial infarction. CPK
was twice normal, but the SGOT was normal...
The patient probably does not have a myocardial infarct
The SGOT value is probably in error
The CPK value is probably in error
The patient probably has an acute myocardial infarct
A STAT LDH isoenzyme study should be ordered to resolve the question
of acute myocardial infarction.