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Questions Q1. Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs when a pregnant woman drinks large quantities of alcohol. The diagram shows the development of the embryo and fetus during its time in the uterus. The bars show the time period during which fetal alcohol syndrome can cause an abnormality in a specific body part. The darker the bar, the more likely an abnormality will occur in that body part. (a) (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The body part most likely to be affected by fetal alcohol syndrome throughout pregnancy is the (1) A central nervous system B heart C arms D eyes (ii) State the period of time when a defect in the development of the legs is most likely to occur. (1) .............................................................................................................................................. (b) (i) Alcohol is a drug. Define the term drug. (2) .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Explain why alcohol is classed as a depressant. (2) .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. (c) (i) Describe a long-term effect of alcohol abuse. (2) .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. (ii) Discuss the ethics of allowing alcoholics to have an organ transplant. (2) .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. (Total for Question is 10 marks) Mark Scheme Q1. Answer a(i) a(ii) b (i) b(ii) c(i) A – central nervous system 4 – 7 weeks A definition including any two of the following: a chemical substance (1) has an effect on the body / nervous system / brain (1) causing psychological / physiological / behavioural changes (1) An explanation including two of the following: increases reaction times / slows down impulses / reactions(1) slows down the activity of the brain / nervous system (1) acts on neurotransmission /at the synapse (1) A description linking the following points: Acceptable answers Mark (1) Accept 4 ½ - 7 ½ 4 – 7 ½ 4½ - 7 causing changes in behaviour / addiction (1) (2) (2) accept – other organ damage (2) c(ii) addiction / alcoholism (1) liver / brain /kidney damage (1) cirrhosis / cancer (1) A suggestion linking two of the following points: alcoholics have caused their liver to fail by their addiction (1) if alcoholics continue to drink, the organ could be damaged (1) other people may deserve the liver transplant more (1) addiction is an illness(1) everybody has a right to life (1) related to alcohol abuse but ignore lung damage alcoholics damage their own liver / people choose to be alcoholics it is not their fault they are addicted alcoholics may die if they do not get a transplant (2)