Download Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun

Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Study Plan
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Overview
This study plan organizes the content highlights, activities, and assignments associated with the chapter by learning
objective to help you learn the content and prepare to be tested on it. Included in the following text are a summary
of the chapter contents; a list of learning objectives; and an outline, text pages, and lists of in-class activities and
outside assignments for each learning objective. Follow this guide as you work through the chapter and check off
each task as you complete it, noting any due dates assigned by your instructor.
Chapter Summary
This chapter opens with a presentation of anatomical terminology, including the anatomical position, planes of
division, directional terms, and body regions. Next, kinesiology is covered, including a discussion of the three types
of joints, the various types of synovial joints, and range of motion. We then proceed to consider myology, including
skeletal muscle contraction (nerve supply to muscles, energy requirements for muscle contraction, and
proprioceptors), types of muscle fibers (slow-twitch and fast-twitch), skeletal muscle activity (static and dynamic
contractions and extreme conditions), muscle movement and coordination (prime movers, synergists, and
antagonists), and the effects of exercise and stretching on muscles. All of the various body movements available at
different joints are then discussed. A section on biomechanics is included, which covers the components of good
body mechanics (efficient structural alignment, symmetric stance, asymmetric stance, and ergonomics), body
awareness, and improper body mechanics. Also included in this chapter is a special muscle section, which lists the
action, name, origin, insertion, nerve supply, and corresponding art plates to many muscles of the human body.
Learning Objectives
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Describe 10 directional terms.
Name the three main types of joints.
Demonstrate at least five pairs of antagonistic body movements on self or partner.
Demonstrate the difference between concentric and eccentric muscle contractions.
Describe the function of proprioceptors.
Name the three primary components of good body mechanics.
Demonstrate the asymmetric stance while leaning into a partner on the massage table.
List at least five ways to minimize your risk for injury.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Objective 4.1: Describe 10 directional terms.
Content Outline: pp. 147–152
 Anatomical terminology
 Anatomical position
 Planes
o Frontal
o Sagittal
o Transverse
 Directional terms
o Anterior/posterior
o Deep/superficial
o Distal/proximal
o Superior/inferior
o Lateral/medial

Body regions
In-Class Activities
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Attend class and take notes on lecture.
Your instructor will ask you to demonstrate the anatomical position to the class.
Your instructor will ask you to pair off with another student and follow instructions using directional terms and
to locate certain body structures on your partner. For example, the instructor will say, “Point to your partner’s
nose. Move one inch superior and one inch lateral. What structure are you pointing at? Now, move 3 inches
posterior. What structure are you pointing at now?”
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Outside Assignments: Due __________
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Read Chapter 4.
Create flash cards for all terms listed in Figure 4-4 on pp. 150–151, with proper body region names on one side
and the more familiar terms on the other side. For instance, write “Brachial” on one side and “Arm” on the
other. Study the cards and bring them to the next class.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Objective 4.2: Name the three main types of joints.
Content Outline: pp. 152–156
 Kinesiology
 Arthrology
o Types of joints
 Synarthrotic
 Amphiarthrotic
 Diarthrotic (synovial)
o Components of synovial joints
 Articular cartilage
 Bursae
 Joint capsule
 Joint cavity
 Ligaments
 Synovial membrane
o Types of synovial joints
 Gliding
 Hinge
 Pivot
 Condyloid
 Saddle
 Ball-and-socket
 Range of motion (ROM)
o Active ROM
o Passive ROM
o Resisted ROM
In-Class Activities
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Attend class and take notes on lecture.
Your instructor will ask you to pair off with another student and will call out body regions featured in Figure 44 on pp. 150–151. You will point to the correct region on your partner.
Your instructor will divide the class into two teams and call out different joints of the body. Your team will
compete with the other team to see who can first identify which type of joint it is: synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic,
or synovial. If it is synovial, you will need to also identify the correct type of synovial joint: gliding, hinge,
pivot, condyloid, saddle, or ball-and-socket.
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Outside Assignments: Due __________
□ Research range of motion (ROM) stretches appropriate to use with massage clients and identify at
least one active, passive, or resisted ROM stretch protocol. Practice the stretch with a friend or family
member. Come prepared to practice the stretch on a classmate.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Objective 4.3: Demonstrate at least five pairs of antagonistic body movements on self or
partner.
Content Outline: pp. 162–168
 Body movements
 Flexion/extension
 Abduction/adduction
 Horizontal abduction/adduction
 Lateral flexion left/right
 Lateral/medial rotation
 Upward/downward rotation
 Circumduction
 Opposition
 Lateral deviation
 Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
 Inversion/eversion
 Elevation/depression
 Protraction/retraction
 Pronation/supination
 Inhalation/exhalation
In-Class Activities
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□
□
Attend class and take notes on lecture.
Your instructor will divide the class into two teams and call out specific body movements. Your team will
compete with the other team to see who can first demonstrate the called out movement. For instance, the
instructor will call out, “Neck flexion.”
Your instructor will ask you to pair off with another student and practice the stretches you researched in the
outside assignment for Objective 4.2.
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Outside Assignments: Due __________
□ Teach a friend or family member three of the paired body movements listed in Table 4-3.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Objective 4.4: Demonstrate the difference between concentric and eccentric muscle
contractions.
Content Outline: pp. 159–162
 Skeletal muscle activity
 Static contractions (isotonic)
 Dynamic contractions
o Concentric
o Eccentric
 Extreme conditions
o Atrophy
o Hypertrophy
o Tetany
 Muscle movement and coordination
 Prime movers (agonists)
 Synergists
o Fixators (stabilizers)
 Antagonists
 Effects of exercise on muscles
 Effects of stretching on muscles
In-Class Activities
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Attend class and take notes on lecture.
Your instructor will demonstrate for the class examples of isotonic, concentric, and eccentric muscle
contractions. Then, you will stand and practice the contractions with the instructor. Then your instructor will
call for volunteers to come up with and demonstrate additional examples of these three types of contractions.
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Outside Assignments: Due __________
□ Your instructor will assign you three different primary movers associated with three different
movements. You will identify any synergistic muscles, including fixators, and antagonistic muscles
associated with this movement. Bring your findings to class.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Objective 4.5: Describe the function of proprioceptors.
Content Outline: pp. 156–159
 Myology: The study of muscles
 Skeletal muscle contraction
o Nerve supply to muscles
 Cervical plexus
 Brachial plexus
 Lumbar plexus
 Sacral plexus
o Neuromuscular junction
o Energy requirements for muscle contraction
 Direct phosphorylation
 Anaerobic cellular respiration
 Aerobic cellular respiration
o Proprioceptors
 Sensory nerve cells
 Respond to body position, muscle tone, and equilibrium
 Muscle spindles
 Golgi tendon organs
 Ruffini end organs
 Pacinian corpuscles
 Types of muscle fibers
o Slow-twitch
 Smaller
 Red
 Aerobic
 Slow to contract
 Less powerful
 Long duration
o Fast-twitch
 Anaerobic
 Quick to contract
 Powerful
 Short bursts
 Type IIa: pink, larger
 Type IIx: white, largest
In-Class Activities
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Attend class and take notes on lecture.
Your instructor will ask you to present your findings from the outside assignment for Objective 4.4, related to
the prime mover you were assigned.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Outside Assignments: Due __________
□ Research on the Internet for examples of sports that require fast-twitch or slow-twitch muscle fibers
and make a list for each.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Objective 4.6: Name the three primary components of good body mechanics.
Content Outline: pp. 168–175
 Biomechanics
 Components of good body mechanics
o Efficient structural alignment
 Leaning
 Lifting
o Symmetric stance
o Asymmetric stance
o Ergonomics
 Equipment
 Workspace design
In-Class Activities
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□
Attend class and take notes on lecture.
Your instructor will ask a student volunteer to lie on a massage table in front of the class and will demonstrate
efficient structural alignment and the symmetric and asymmetric stances while massaging the volunteer.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
Outside Assignments: Due __________
□ Practice the symmetric and asymmetric stances while massaging a friend or family member.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Objective 4.7: Demonstrate the asymmetric stance while leaning into a partner on the
massage table.
Content Outline: pp. 171–173
 Asymmetric stance
 Description
o One foot in front of the other
o Front foot faces work
o Back foot is laterally rotated
o Hips face the work
o Feet are shoulder-width apart
o Weight on back foot
o Front foot is for balance
 Most often used stance in massage therapy
 May be used for pulling
 Offers more leverage than symmetric stance
 Therapist can apply more pressure
 Minimizes stress on body
 Maximizes pressure one can apply
In-Class Activities
□
□
Attend class and take notes on lecture.
Your instructor will ask for a student volunteer to lie on a massage table in front of the class. You and other
students will take turns coming to the front of the class and demonstrating efficient structural alignment and the
symmetric and asymmetric stances while massaging the volunteer.
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Outside Assignments: Due __________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
Objective 4.8: List at least five ways to minimize your risk for injury.
Content Outline: pp. 175–177
 Body awareness
 Am I using my whole body?
 Is there a straight line formed by my head, hips, and back foot?
 Are my hips and front foot facing my work?
 Are my wrists, hands, and shoulders relaxed?
 Are any of my joints hyperextended?
 Am I breathing?
 Does my body hurt anywhere?
 Improper body mechanics
 Injury
o Commonly injured areas
 Neck and shoulders
 Wrist and hands
 Back
 Knees
 Ankles and feet
o Causes
 Sudden increase in workload
 Sudden decrease in rest between sessions
 Repetitive motions
 Nerve compression
 Injury prevention
o Stretching before and between sessions
 Breathe deeply
 Relax
 Stretch slowly to avoid stretch reflex
 Hold stretch for 10 seconds to trigger tendon reflex
o General guidelines
 Consistently use components of good body mechanics
 Rest body and hands by scheduling clients 15 minutes apart
 Stretch before and after sessions
 Use proper table height
 Ensure plenty of room around table
 Use variety of techniques
 Be cautious with sustained pressure
 Increase physical fitness and endurance
 Get plenty of sleep and rest
In-Class Activities
□
□
Attend class and take notes on lecture.
Your instructor will demonstrate some stretches that you can perform before and between massage sessions to
help prevent injuries. Then, you will practice the stretches in class.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Massage Therapy, 3rd ed. (Braun & Simonson)
Chapter 4 — Kinesiology and Biomechanics
□
Be prepared to take a test on Chapter 4.
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Outside Assignments: Due __________
□ Complete the Chapter Exercises on page 225.
□ Work through the Chapter 4 quiz bank questions on the student resource center at the book’s
companion web site at www.thePoint.com.
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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins