Download Some Evolution Review Questions

SBI3U Evolution Review Questions
THESE QUESTIONS ARE NOT THE SAME AS THE TEST SO YOU MUST
ALSO STUDY YOUR NOTES THOROUGHLY
1 Define the following terms and relate how they provide evidence for
evolution:
Paleontology –study of fossils (hard tissue imprints that can be dated by
radioisotopes)
Example-horse fossils, oyster fossils, transitional species ex. Archeopteryx
Homologous features-features that are differentiated due to the environment but
originate from the same vertebrate ancestor (aka divergent evolution)
Example- bird wing and human arm
Analogous features-features that have evolved from different origins but now
have the same function (aka convergent evolution)
Example- bird wing and butterfly wing
Vestigial feature
Structures that are no longer useful but are still present
Example-appendix, third eyelid
chromosome structure
fusion of chromosome 2-telomeres and centromeres (chimps vs humans)
2. List the points of Darwins 5 point plan. Explain why humans have a large
forebrain using Darwin’s 5 point plan.
1. Overproduction of ancestors of human population
2. Competition for resources within ancestral human populations for food,
water, space etc
3. Natural variation in brain size of ancestral humans
4. Ancestral humans with larger brains were better at finding food, water and
space so they were able have and feed their babies
5. Over time the frequency of larger brains increased and this lead to
speciation such that modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved
3. List 4 conditions that are required for a population to be in H/W
equilibrium:
Large population
Random mating between individuals
No mutation of alleles
No migration of alleles
4. What is genetic drift? Give an example of the founder effect.
The change in allele frequency due to random chance.
This is usually more common in a small population.
The founder effect is a special case of genetic drift
It is loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a
very small number of individuals from a larger population. (example-the short limb
gene in the Amish population.
5. Describe the 4 main types of selection and give an example of each. Sketch
graphs to describe each type of selection .
Disruptive-leads to speciation because extremes are favoured – size of salmon
Stabilizing-maintains status quo (ex. Human birthweight)
Directional-change to one direction (ex horse ancestor to current horse)
Sexual –one gender chooses trait in other gender so more offspring can be
successfully produced
6a. Explain the difference between microevolution and macroevolution using
specific examples.
Microevolution-changes within a species that are influenced by the environment
But macroevolution are changes on a larger scale that lead to speciation (see note
on Pre and Post Zygotic Isolation factors)
b. How do the following provide evidence for microevolution? Skin colour, viral
emergence
Skin colour-changes in skin colour are due to amount of sun and UV rays
Viral Emergence-Viruses evolve to infect different species –ex H1N1, Avian flu,
SIV to HIV etc
7. Imagine a species of salamanders that exists in a discontinuous population
distributed from the Maritimes to the state of Florida, along the eastern
coast of North America. State and explain any four factors that would
contribute to the isolation and eventual evolution of a new salamander species
from this existing species
Pre
Post
Temporal
zygotic mortality
Ecological
hybrid inviability
Behavioural
hybrid infertility (aka hybrid
sterility
8. A large population consists of 400 individuals. If 9 of those individuals are
homozygous recessive for their inability to taste PTC, calculate the frequency
of heterozygote tasters in the population. Show all your work
q2= 9/400
q= 0.15 p=0.85 2pq=0.26 (26%)
Frequency of hetero tasters is 26%
9. In certain African countries 25% of newborn babies have sickle-cell anemia,
which is a recessive genetic disorder. Out of a random population of 1,000
newborn babies, how many have sickle cell trait ?
q2=.25 q=0.5 p=0.5
sickle cell trait  2pq= 2(0.5)(0.5) = 0.5
500/1000 have sickle cell trait
(50%)
10. In a population, the dominant phenotype of a certain trait occurs 91% of
the time. What percentage of the population is homozgous dominant?
q2 = 0.09
q=0.3 p=0.7
p2=0.72 =0.49
49% of the population is homozygous dominant
SOME PRACTICE MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Evolution is often described as “the theme that ties together all aspects of
biology.” This is because the process of evolution
A. explains how organisms become adapted to their environment.
B. explains the diversity of organisms.
C. explains why all organisms have characteristics in common.
D. explains why distantly related organisms sometimes resemble one another.
E. all of the above are appropriate answers.
2. _____________determined the age of the Earth to be very old. He also
stated that natural processes have resulted in gradual changes to the Earth’s surface.
a. Gould
b. Lyell
c. Lamarck
d. Malthus
e. Wallace
3.One condition specified for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is:
A. dominant alleles replace recessive alleles.
B. lack of genetic polymorphism.
C. migration.
D. natural selection.
E. random mating.
4. In a gorilla population in Zaire we consider a single gene locus with two alleles Gand
g, with G dominant to g. If the frequency of the recessive genotype gg is 0.01,
then, assuming Hardy-Weinberg proportions, the frequency of the genotype Gg is
A. 0.02.
B. 0.09.
C. 0.18.
D. 0.36.
E. none of the above is correct.
5. Because of difference in peak breeding time, 5 species of frogs rarely produce
interspecific hybrids. The isolating mechanism is:
A. behavioral
B. ecological
C. geographical
D. mechanical
E. temporal
6. Which of the following is an element of the writings of Malthus that influenced
Darwin?
A. artificial selection.
B. differential reproductive success.
C. the potential for population growth exceeds what the environment can support.
D. species become better adapted to their local environments through natural selection.
E. favorable variations accumulate in a population after many generations of being
perpetuated by natural selection.
7. Charles Darwin was a breeder of pigeons and, in order to end up with those
characteristics he found desirable, applied what we would call:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
natural selection
genetic drift
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
artificial selection
random mating
8. Three of the following contribute to the variability of a population. Which one does
NOT add variability?
a) genetic drift
c) sexual reproduction
b) mitosis
d) mutation
9. Which of the following is not homologous to the human forearm?
a) monkey forearm
d) whale flipper
b) bat wing
e) honeybee wing
c) bird wing
10The upland goose never enters the water. Its webbed feet can be described as
which of the following:
A)vestigial structures
B)homologous structures
C)embryological structures
D)molecular structures