Download Photosynthesis Skeleton Notes

Name ____________________________________________ Period __________ Date _____________
Chapter 6 -- Photosynthesis
 Obtaining Energy
 Autotroph: energy (______________________) from _______________________
 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6O2
 Heterotroph: energy from ___________________
 Why is Photosynthesis important?
 Makes ________________________ molecules out of ___________________________
materials
 It begins all food chains & ____________________
 All life is supported by this process
 It also makes __________________________ _________________!
 _______________________________– starts ecological food webs!
 Photosynthesis = “putting together with light”

Plants use _________________________ to turn water and
_________________________ _________________________ into glucose.
 Plants use _________________________ as food
 _________________________ make glucose and _________________________ are
_________________________ of it.
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 Overview of Photosynthesis
 Light Reactions
 _________________________ is absorbed and converted to
chemical energy
 Chemical energy is temporarily stored in plants as
______________ and _________________________
 Calvin Cycle
 ______________, ______________, and _________________________ make
organic compounds
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water  glucose + oxygen
 Capturing Light Energy
 During light reactions, the plant’s _________________________ absorb
the sunlight
 Why are plants green?
 The light we see from the sun is _________________________ light, but its
way more than white!
 Colors that we see are _________________________ from the object
 Why do we see green?
 Green color from white light _________________________ NOT
absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast
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 Converting Light Energy to Chemical Energy
 Absorbing light energy to make _________________________ energy
 Pigments: Absorb different colors of white light (ROY G BIV)
 Main pigment: ______________________________
 Accessory pigments: ______________________________ and
_________________________
 These pigments absorb all wavelengths (light) EXCEPT
green
 Light  Energy Reactions
 Photosystems
 Each photosystem is light _________________________
 Photosystem II is occurs _________________________
 Occurs on the membrane of the _________________________ sacs
in the chloroplasts
1. _________________________ is split and _________________________ are
passed to a protein
2. Once light is absorbed the _________________________ are excited
and move to the following protein in the membrane
3. The primary electron acceptor _________________________ the
electron to the ______________________ _____________________
__________________
 Photosystem I occurs _________________________
4. The _________________________ from the ______________________
_____________________ __________________ are transferred to the
primary acceptor protein once light is absorbed
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5. Primary electron acceptor _________________________ to another
electron transport chain (towards the stroma)
6. The electrons are _________________________ once last time to a
molecule NADP+ (low energy) and this become NADPH
(higher energy)
 How do you get an electron from water?
 There is an _________________________ that can break water molecules
into 3 products
 One of the final products is electrons
2H2O  4H+ + 4e- + O2
 For every 2 molecules of _________________________, you get 4
electrons and _________________________ ______________
 This is the oxygen we breathe!
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 Making ATP!
 The _________________________ has its membrane and
proteins throughout
 H+ ions are _________________________ concentration
___________ the cell
 ATP _________________________: protein in membrane that
_________________________ H+ ions via _________________________ diffusion
 This process give the needed _________________________ to combine
ADP + extra P in the cell to make ______________
 Calvin Cycle
 Named after American biochemist __________________ _________________
 Most commonly used pathway by most plants
 Calvin cycle is used by plants that are called C3 because of the
_________________________ _________________________ that are made
 Light-independent reaction (____________________ _____________________)
 Does _______________ require light
 Occurs in _________________________ of chloroplast
 Requires ____________
 Uses ____________ and __________________ as fuel to run
 Makes _________________________ sugar from CO2 and Hydrogen
 Uses _________________________ from the light reactions + CO2 to make
_________________________ and other compounds
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 What are the products of the light reactions?
 Where does the CO2 come from?
 Step 1
 CO2 is diffused into the _________________________ of the chloroplast
 A 5-Carbon molecule named ________________ combines to the CO2
 The Enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is
_________________________
 This becomes a 6-Carbon molecule that is very
_________________________
 Split to become _____________ 3-Carbon molecules called 3phosphoglycerate (_________________)
 6-Carbon Sugar  3-PGA + 3-PGA
 Step 2
 3-PGA is still _________________________
 3-PGA  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (_________________)
 For this to occur, each 3-PGA molecule gets a
_________________________from ATP and a _________________ from NADPH
 Once the molecule receives the P and proton it converts into
_______________
 3-PGA + P + H  G3P
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 Where did the P and H come from?
 *ATP ADP + P
 *NADPH  NADP+ + H
 Step 3
 One G3P molecule leaves the Calvin cycle
 This will be used to make a _________________________ later
 Step 4
 The other G3P molecule gets converted _____________ to ______________
due to an addition of another _________________________ from ATP
 G3P + P  RuBP
 This RuBP goes back to the Calvin cycle to be fixed again
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 Stoma
 This opening how plants exchange gases!
 Stoma Open
 CO2 can _________________________
 O2 will _________________________ and leave cells
 Stoma Closed
 CO2 _________________________
 O2 _________________________
 C4 Pathway
 Plants that use this are called ____________ plants and have stomata
_________________________ during hot part of _______________
 Enzyme fixes CO2 to a _____________________________________ compound
when CO2 is low and O2 is high
 Corn, sugar cane, & crab grass
 Usually _________________________ climates
 CAM Pathway
 Water _________________________ pathway
 _______________ _______________climates
 Stoma _____________________ during day & _________________ at night
 Opposite of ordinary plants
 Pineapples & cacti
 During the day
 Stoma are _________________________
 CO2 is _________________________from compounds and enters
Calvin cycle
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 During the night
 Stoma are _________________________
 Take in CO2 and _____________ into carbon compounds
 What affects photosynthesis?
 Light intensity: as _________________________increases, rate of
photosynthesis _________________________
 Carbon Dioxide: As ___________ increases, rate of photosynthesis
_________________________
 Temperature:
 Temperature _____________ = Rate of photosynthesis ___________
 Temperature _________________________= Rate of photosynthesis
_________________________
 If temperature is ______________ ___________, rate
_________________________
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