Download BIO101 Unit 11

BIO101 Unit 11
Important Organic Molecules
Study Guide
I.
Organic Molecules
A. Where are they found
B. Macromolecules
C. The Four Macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids
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II.
The Chemistry of Carbon
A. Atomic Structure
B. Valence and Bonding Properties of Carbon
C. Isomers
III. Macromolecules
(polymers) are formed from smaller
building blocks called monomers.
Polymers
Monomers
A. Carbohydrates
___________________________
B. Proteins
____________________________
C. Nucleic Acids
____________________________
D. Lipids
_______________ & _________________
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IV. Carbohydrates
A. Functions:
B. monosaccharides
1. glucose
2. fructose
3. galactose
C. Pentose Sugars
1. Deoxyribose
2. Ribose
D. Disaccharides
3
1. Maltose
2. sucrose
3. lactose
E. Polysaccharides
1. starch
2. glycogen
3. cellulose
F. Important chemical reactions
1. Hydrolysis (Condensation synthesis)
a. describe the process
b. where does it occurs
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2. Dehydration Synthesis
a. describe the process
b. where does it occur
V.
Lipids
A. Functions & Notes
1. Lipids serve as
2.
3. fats & oils
5
B. Structure of a Lipid (Triglycerides)
Glycerol
+
3 fatty acids
--
Fat
+ 3 waters
1. Fatty acids chains
2. saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
3. phospholipids
4. steroids
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VI. Proteins
A. Functions
1. Structural Proteins
2. enzymes
3. transport carriers
4. antibodies
5. proteins of cell membranes
B. Proteins are Polymers of amino acids
C. Peptide bonds of Amino Acids
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D. Protein levels of organization
VII.
Nucleic Acids
A. polymers of nucleotides
B. nucleotides composed of
1. Phosphate Group
2. Pentose sugar
3. Nitrogen bases
C. Diagram of a Nucleotide
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D. DNA
1. Stands for:
2. Composed of nucleotide with
3. how many strands?
4. Name of the scientists who first developed the model of DNA
5. Diagram of a DNA molecule
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E. RNA:
1. Stands for:
2. Composed of nucleotide with
3. how many strands?
4. Diagram of a RNA molecule
F. DNA Structure Compared to RNA Structure
DNA
RNA
Sugar
Bases
Strands
Helix
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G. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
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