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Chemistry Final Exam Review
1. Define:
a) mixture: _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b) pure substance: _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Beside each situation below list it as either a physical change or chemical change:
3.
a) ice melts ________________________
b) wood burns _____________________________
c) a glass breaks ____________________
d) a snowflake forms _________________________
a) Define:
heterogeneous: ___________________________________________________________
homogeneous: ____________________________________________________________
b) List the following as homogeneous or heterogeneous:
i) pure sugar ______________________
ii) salt dissolved in water _________________________
iii) iron filings and sugar _______________________
iv) marbles and stones _______________________
4. Define:
a) chemical change ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b) physical change ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c) physical property ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
d) chemical property ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. List each of the following as either a physical property or a chemical property:
a) texture _____________________
b) odour __________________________
c) reaction with acid _____________________ d) clarity __________________________
6.
a) Define:
qualitative observation _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
quantitative observation _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b) List each observation below as qualitative or quantitative:
i) the colour of the substance turned from orange to green _______________________________
ii) the mass of the substance decreased by 5.0 g ____________________________________
iii) a colourless liquid collected on the sides of the test tube ______________________________
iv) the liquid had a mass of 25.0 g _____________________________________
7.
a) Define: characteristic physical property ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b) Check off the observations below that are characteristic physical properties:
i) melting point _______
ii) boiling point ______
iii) density ______
iv) lustre _______
8. Which of the following are considered to be pure substances and which are mixtures?
a) elements _______________________
b) solutions ____________________________
c) compounds _______________________
9. Define:
a) element _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b) compound ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10. Beside each of the following mark whether it is a physical change or a chemical change:
a) moth balls sublimate into the air ______________________
b) iron rusts on a car _______________________
c) wood is chopped into little pieces _________________________
d) glass is shattered with a hammer __________________________
11.
a) List the 5 pieces of evidence of a chemical change:
i. ____________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________
v. ____________________________________________
b) Define precipitate: ____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. State the gas tests for the following:
a) oxygen: ____________________________________________________________________________
b) hydrogen: __________________________________________________________________________
c) carbon dioxide: ______________________________________________________________________
13. List the 5 parts of the particle theory or matter:
i. _____________________________________________________________________________
ii. _____________________________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________________________________________
v. _____________________________________________________________________________
14.
a) List the characteristics of metals: ________________________________________________________
b) List the characteristics of non-metals: _____________________________________________________
15. Compare the reactivity of elements in families 1A, 2A, and 8A: _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
16. Complete the following table to compare subatomic particles:
Particle
Location
Electric Charge
Mass
electron
proton
neutron
17.
a) Define: ion __________________________________________________________________________
b) How does an atom become a:
positive ion ___________________________________________
negative ion __________________________________________
18. Define:
atomic number: __________________________________________________________________
atomic mass: ___________________________________________________________________
19. For a Bohr atom how many electrons can fit in each of the following shells?
a) first ____________
b) second _____________
20. Classify the diagrams below as elements, compounds, or mixtures
21. Add the following labels to the diagram of the periodic table below:
c) third _______________
a) Groups 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A
b) Alkali metals (AM), Alkaline Earth metals (AEM), Halogens (H), Noble gases (NG)
c) Put "X"s through each of the elements in period 4
d) Draw the "staircase"
e) Shade all the elements that are metals
22. Use the periodic table provided to answer the following questions:
a) What is the chemical symbol for sodium? ___________________
b) What is the name for the element with chemical symbol Pb? _________________
c) What happens to the relative reactivity in the following set of elements?
Na  Mg
________________________
d) What happens to the relative reactivity in the following set of elements?
K  Na  Li
_______________________
23. Complete the following table
Element
Symbol
Nitrogen
Atomic
Number
5
17
24. Draw a Bohr Model for Fluorine
25. Complete the following table
Atomic Mass
Number of
Protons
Number of
Neutrons
Number of
Electrons
5
35
17
Group
Number of electrons in the
outermost shell?
2A
5A
26. Write a word equation to describe the following reaction
When iron burns in pure oxygen iron oxide is produced.
27. Determine the names and number of atoms of each element the following molecules (4)
Molecule Atoms in the molecule
Number of
Molecule
Atoms in the
each atom
molecule
CaF2
2CO2
(NH4)2S
Mg(ClO3)2
Number of
each atom
28. Draw a set of Bohr diagrams to illustrate how oxygen and hydrogen share electrons to form H2O (water)
Gold Nanoparticles Quickly Detect
Hazardous Chemicals
Gold nanoparticles align in a single layer in this graphical representation
(Credit: Image courtesy of Imperial College London)
ScienceDaily (Nov. 20, 2012) — Scientists at Imperial College London have
developed a system to quickly detect trace amounts of chemicals like pollutants,
explosives or illegal drugs.
The new system can pick out a single target molecule from 10,000 trillion water molecules within milliseconds, by trapping it
on a self-assembling single layer of gold nanoparticles.
The team of scientists, all from the Department of Chemistry at Imperial, say this technology opens the way to develop devices
that are compact, reusable and easy to assemble, and could have a range of uses including detecting illegal drugs, explosives,
pollutants in rivers or nerve gases released into the air. Results of the research are published this week in Nature Materials.
In one potential use, such a device could detect tiny traces of explosives or other illegal substances left behind by criminals on
the surfaces they touch. The advances made by this team would help law enforcers to identify and deal with such activities
involving illegal substances.
Research co-author, Michael Cecchini, said: "Our system could solve a key problem of reliable and portable chemical testing
for use in the outside world. It is very sensitive and could well be used to look for very small amounts of a specific molecule
even in busy, public areas."
The target molecules are identified by an effect called Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of light. This technique,
which has been around since the late 1970's, works because each molecule scatters light in a unique way. Previous research has
shown that the signal can be amplified by catching molecules in a particular way on a layer of metal nanoparticles. However,
these sheets are complex to manufacture.
The scientists overcame this problem by dealing with interfaces of two liquids that do not mix, such as water and oil, or water
and air interface. By manipulating the electrical charge of the gold nanoparticles and the composition of the solution, they were
able to create a situation where the particles line themselves up at the interface between the two non-mixable liquids, or
between a liquid and the air.
"The trick to achieving this system's sensitivity to the target molecules was in finding the conditions at which nanoparticles
would settle at the interface at close distances to each other without fusing together," commented another co-author Jack Paget.
If the nanoparticles are disturbed, they spontaneously arrange themselves back in the correct way make the device more robust
than those made rigidly arranged particles. Research co-author, Vladimir Turek, said: "The system shows real promise for
detectors for use in rough outdoor environmental and defence applications, since the liquids and nanoparticles can be easily
replaced to regenerate the device."
This research is supported by funds from the UK's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) and the European
Research Council (ERC) starting investigator grant. The cross-disciplinary team in the Department of Chemistry at Imperial is
led by Dr Joshua Edel, an expert in applied nanoscience, and Professor Alexei Kornyshev, professor of chemical physics and
expert in condensed matter. They are corresponding authors of the study, alongside research postgraduates Michael Cecchini,
Vladimir Turek and Jack Paget.
29. Use the article above to answer the following questions:
a) List three things the nano particle layer can be used to detect:
i. __________________________________
ii. __________________________________
iii. __________________________________
c) What is the name of the effect by which target molecules are identified?
____________________________________________________________________
b) When was this technique first developed? ______________________