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NS Outline
I. Divisions of NS
1. CNS
2. PNS
II. Functions of NS
1.
2.
3.
III. Cells of Nervous Tissue
1. Neurons
a.dendrites
b. cell bodies
c. axons
2. Neuroglia
IV. Types of neurons
1. Motor Neurons
2. Sensory Neurons
3. Interneurons
V. Anatomy of a Neuron
1. Processes
2. Schwann cells
3. Neurilemmal Sheath
4. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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VI. Neuroglial Cells
1. Microglial cells
2. Astrocytes
3. Oligodendroglial cells
4. Ependymal cells
VII. Nerve Impulses
1. polarized membrane
2. Sodium potassium pump
3. Resting potential
4. nerve impulse
5. action potential
6. depolarization
7. repolarization
VIII. The Synapse
1. presynaptic membrane
2. postsynaptic membrane
3. synaptic cleft
4. neurotransmitters
5. Acetylcholine (Ach)
6. acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
7. Norepinephrine (NE)
8. Serotonin & Dopamine
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IX. Neurotransmitters & neurological Disorders
1. Parkinsons disease:
2. Huntington disease:
3. Alzheimer disease:
X. Nerves
1. Sensory nerves
2. Motor nerves
3. Mixed Nerves
4. tracts:
5. White Matter
6. Gray matter
XI. Reflexes & the Reflex arc
1. Reflexes
2. Reflex arc
3. dorsal root ganglion
4. ganglia
5. dorsal horn
6. ventral horn
7. mixed nerves
8. sensory receptor
9. Knee-jerk reflex
10. ankle-jerk reflex
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XII. Central Nervous System (CNS)
1. Brain
a. Divided into
b. Ventricles
c. Interventricular Foramina:
d. Cerebral aqueduct
2. Brain Stem
a. Medulla Oblongata
b. Pons
c. Midbrain
3. Diencephalon
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
4. Cerebellum
a. hemispheres
b. functions:
5. Cerebrum
a. cerebral hemispheres
b. Gyri
c. Sulci
d. corpus Callosum
e. Lobes
f. association areas
g. primary sensory area
h. cerebral palsy
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i. Broca’s area
j. Strokes
6. Basal Nuclei
7. Limbic System
8. Spinal Cord
A. structure:
b. gray matter
c. white matter
d. ascending tracts
e. descending tracts
B. Function
1.
2.
XIII. Meninges & Cerebrospinal Fluid
1. Meninges
2. Duramater
a. dural sinuses
3. epidural hematoma
4. subdural hematoma
5. arachnoid membrane
6. pia mater
XIV. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
1. Functions:
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2. central canal
3. hydrocephalus
XV. Peri pheral Nervous System (PNS)
1. Somatic Nervous (SNS)
a. receptors
b. effectors
A. Cranial nerves
B. Spinal Nerves
a. dorsal & ventral roots
b. dermatomes
2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
1. preganglionic fiber
2. postganglionic fiber
3. two divisions:
a. Sympathetic division
i. fight-or-flight
b. Parasympathetic division
XVI. Effects of Aging
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