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Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 1 1. Define fossils.
2. Define evolution.
3. What is used to prove mass extinction?
4. Who was famous for the hypothesis that species change over time?
5. What is natural selection and what does it directly act on?
6. What increases the chance that a species will survive?
7. What are mutations?
8 What is mimcry?
9 What is camouflage?
10. Nature determines if a variation is what?
11. Draw a directional selection diagram.
12. What population increases in the directional selection diagram?
13. Draw a stabilizing selection diagram.
Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 2 14. What population increases in stabilizing selection?
15. Draw a disruptive selection diagram.
16. What population increases in disruptive selection?
17. Complete this saying, “Survival of ___________”
18. Who does genetic drift affect?
19. Define genetic equilibrium.
20. Fill in the blanks Organism-_______________ - _____________- ecosystem_________________-biosphere.
21. Define niche.
22. A population can grow if the following occur:
_______________ Birthrate
________________death rate
________________ Immigration
________________ Emigration
23.
Define exponential growth and its causes.
Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 3 24. Define logistic growth and its causes.
25. What is abiotic? Give an example
26. What is biotic? Give an example.
27. What is an ____________________ or plants make their own food and
___________________ or animals must consume plants or other animals for food.
28. In an energy pyramid______% of the energy is lost to the environment and
_______% is passed up to the next level.
29. Fill in the blanks. Producers-______________consumer-
________________consumer-_________________consumer.
30. What causes an immune response and increase of white blood cells?
31. What moves the bacteria cells?
32. What is the main difference between lytic and Lysogenic cycles in viruses?
33. Describe viruses?
34. How does a virus get let into a cell?
35. Who do bacteriophages attack?
36. What is always the first line of defense against infections?
37. What is the main difference in curing bacterial infections that does not work for
viruses?
38.Describe the HIV virus?
Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 4 39. What is the relationship between an endocrine gland and hormones?
40. What are the 4 steps to wound healing?
41. Define somatic system.
42. Define autonomic system.
43. What are the divisions of the autonomic system?
44. What are the parts of the central nervous system(CNS)?
45. What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system(PNS)?
46. What major nervous system organ is NOT involved in the reflex arc?
47. Label what each of the following glands regulates:
PancreasThyroidPituitaryAdrenal48. What are the 4 sets of axial bones?
49. What are the rest of the bones classified as?
50. What are the functions of bones?
51. What does red bone marrow produce?
52. What does yellow bone marrow produce?
Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 5 53. Draw, label, and briefly describe movement for the following socket types:
Ball-and-socket, hinge, saddle, & pivot
54. What is the difference between ligament and tendons?
55. How do muscles work in pairs?
56. Define synovial fluid.
57. Define cartilage.
58. What is the universal blood donor type and why?
59. What is the universal recipient and why?
60.____________________ carry oxygenated blood to the cells and ______________
carry deoxygenated blood from the cells back to the heart.
61. Which area is common to both food and air?
62. What flap closes so that food doesn’t go down the airway?
Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 6 63. What do the muscles and diaphragms do to help in breathing?
64. What are the four layers of the bone (outside to inner core)?
65. Give brief descriptions for the following evolutionary proof.
Homologous structuresDNAVestigial structuresEmbryological structuresFossil record66. Please briefly describe each.
OrganismPopulationCommunityEcosystemBiomeBiosphere67. Define the following ecology terms:
HerbivoreCarnivoreOmnivoreMutualismParasitismCommensalism-
Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 7 -
Liver
Large intestine
Small intestine
Esophagus
Pharynx
Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas
68.Label the digestive system:
Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 8 -
69. Label the respiratory system
:
Pulmonary Veins
Pulmonary Arteries
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Septum
Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Superior Vena Cava
70. Label the heart:
Biology Final Exam Study Guide - 9 -