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Problems(5장)
1. In which type of restaurant do you expect the service to be more prompt and
courteous: an expensive gourmet restaurant or an inexpensive diner? Explain.
=> an expensive gourmet restaurant (The Law of Demand)
* 참조 - The Law of Demand : People do less of what they want to do as the cost of
doing it rises. By stating the law of demand this way, we can see it as a direct
consequence of the cost-benefit principle, which says that an activity should be
pursued if (and only if) its benefits are at least as great as its costs.
2. You are having lunch at an all-you-can-eat buffet. If you are rational, what should be
our marginal utility from the last morsel of food you swallow?
=> 0보다 크거나 같아야 한다.
3. Martha’s current marginal utility from consuming orange juice is 75 utils per ounce
and her marginal utility from consuming coffee is 50 utils per ounce. If orange juice
costs 25 cents per ounce and coffee costs 20 cents per ounce, is Martha maximizing her
total utility from the two beverages? If so, explain how you know. If not, how should she
rearrange her spending?
=>
NO.
오렌지의
한계효용(MU/P=75/25)은
3utils/cent인
반면,
커피의
한계효용
(MU/P=50/20)은 2.5utils/cent로 한계효용이 균등하게 배분되어 있지 않다. 즉, ‘The
Rational Spending Rule’에 준하여 오렌지와 커피의 한계효용을 각각 2.75utils씩 재배분한
다.
* 참조 – The Rational Spending Rule (MUx/Px = MUy/Py)
4. Toby’s current marginal utility from consuming peanuts is 100 utils per ounce and his
marginal utility from consuming cashews is 200 utils per ounce. If peanuts cost 10 cents
per ounce and cashews cost 25 cents per ounce, is Toby maximizing his total utility
from the kinds of nuts? If so, explain how you know. If not, how should he rearrange his
spending?
=> NO. 위 3번을 참고하면 피넛의 한계효용은 10utils/cent인 반면, 캣시의 한계효용은
8utils/cent로 한계효용이 균등하게 배분되어 있지 않다. 두 제품의 한계효용을 각각 9utils
씩 재배분한다.
1
5. Sue gets a total of 20 utils per week from her consumption of pizza and a total of 40
utils per week from her consumption of yogurt. The price of pizza is $1 per slice, the
price of yogurt is $1 per cup, and she consumes 10 slices of pizza and 20 cups of
yogurt each week. True or false: Sue is consuming the optimal combination of pizza and
yogurt.
=> True. 피자의 한계효용(20/10)과 요거트의 한계효용(40/20)이 균등하게 2utils씩 배분
되어 있다.
6. Ann lives in Princeton and commutes by train each day to her job in New York City
(20 round trips per month). When the price of a round trip goes up from $10 to $20, she
responds by consuming exactly the same number of trips as before, while spending
$200 per month less on restaurant meals.
a. Does the fact that her quantity of train travel is completely unresponsive to the
price increase imply that Ann is not a rational consumer? => No.
b. Explain why an increase in train travel might affect the amount she spends on
restaurant meals. => ‘The Rational Spending Rule’ 즉, 비용상승으로 왕복티켓의
한계효용은 감소했지만 상대적으로 다른 제품(식당외식)의 한계효용은 증가했기 때
문이다.
7. For the demand curve shown, find the total amount of consumer surplus that results
in the gasoline market if gasoline sells for $2 per gallon.
10
소비자 잉여의 총량
Price ($/gallons)
(8*80)/2=$320/yr
2
80 100
1,000s of gallons/yr
2
8. Tom has a weekly allowance of $24, all of which he spends on pizza and movie
rentals, whose prices are $6 per slice and $3 per rental, respectively. If slices of pizza
and movie rentals are available only in whole-number amounts, list all possible
combinations of the two goods that Tom can purchase each week with his allowance.
=> 공식(6P+3M=24)을 Y축에 피자를 넣고 보면, P=4-1/2M 이다. 이 공식을 사용하면 다
음과 같은 표가 만들어진다.
Pizza
Movie
0
8
1
6
2
4
3
2
4
0
9. Refer to problem 8. Tom’s total utility is the sum of the utility he derives from pizza
and movie rentals. If these utilities vary with the amounts consumed as shown in the
table, and pizzas and movie rentals are again consumable only in whole-number
amounts, how many pizzas and how many movie rentals should Tom consume each
week?
Pizzas/week
Utils/week
Movie rentals/
from pizza
week
Utils/week
from rentals
0
0
0
0
1
20
1
40
2
38
2
46
3
54
3
50
4
68
4
54
5
80
5
56
6
90
6
57
7
98
7
57
8
104
8
57
=> ‘The Rational Spending Rule’ (MUx/Px = MUy/Py)과 ‘공식’(6P+3M=24)을 상호충족
시키는 피자와 영화의 수량은 피자가 2개 그리고 영화가 4개 일 때이다.
즉, M/6=P/3일 때, M=2P이다. 이를 다시 공식에 연립방정식으로 적용하면 6P+3(2P)=24가
되고 결국 P는 2/ M은 4가 된다.
3
10. The buyer’s side of the market for amusement park tickets consists of two
consumers whose demands are as shown in the diagram below.
a. Graph the market demand curve for this market.
b. Calculate the total consumer surplus in the amusement park market if tickets
sell for $12 each.
24
36
A. P=24-1/4Q
Price
Price
($/ticket)
($/ticket)
12
B. P=36-3/4Q
12
48
96
32
48
Tickets/yr
Tickets/yr
시장수요곡선을 그래프 했을 때,
C. P=27-3/16Q
36
Price
27
24
총 소비잉여
$24+$12=$36
($/ticket)
12
16
80
Tickets/yr
4
144