Download Final Dec 2005

Chem 461
Final Exam
December 2005
Part I
[16] 1. Do 8 of the following questions about circuits:
1.
For branches in parallel, which value (I or V) is divided and which
remains the same?
2. Which branch will draw more current: a branch
with a larger R or a smaller R?
3. Describe the “Current Divider Equation”
4. Total power dissipated in a parallel circuit is equal to what?
5. In a parallel circuit, what is the effect if one resistor is removed ? added ?
6. Define an “Unloaded” circuit.
7. Define a “Loaded” circuit.
8. What must be considered in the design of a voltage divider ?
9. Define Unloaded Current
10. True/False: The larger the load resistor, the more effect
it will have on the circuit.
11. What size of voltmeter resistance RM in relation
to R is desirable ?
Part II
Do SIX of the following. Each is worth 10 points
[10] 1. You have been asked to look after the new HPLC in a lab where Quality Control
Analyses are done for a well-known pharmaceutical manufacturer.
You have been asked to: plan a maintenance schedule,
and to write out
(a) a list of equipment that you should have in the lab to work on it
and (b) a list of spare parts that would be useful to have.
(c) What else might you do to ensure that the instrument is well looked after?
It is important to the company that it is available to use as much as possible. Money is not
really a problem.
[6] 2. In the lab the synthetic chemists have been trying to synthesize ibuprofen by an
alternative method as shown below.
They wish to examine the product using HPLC. There is not a method available in the
literature.
Do you think the four compounds show would be easy to separate?
Give a reason.
Describe how you would go about developing a separation method for these four
compounds.
Once the ibuprofen is isolated, they need to prove that they have the right compound.
They will send the compound how for elemental analysis. Describe how the elemental
analysis is carried out. (The instrument, how it works, what it does, principle of
operation)
[10] 3.What is meant by molecular imprinting?
How can it be used to design a sensor?
What are the properties of an ideal sensor?
Which of these do you think could be met by a sensor designed using molecular
imprinting?
Describe one such sensor. What does it detect? How?
[10] 4.Glucose oxidase and HRP are used in a variety of analyses for glucose. What are
they and why are they used in so many analyses?
Write brief notes on various ways that they can be used. Note what additional reagents
are necessary for the applications that you describe.
[10] 5. Draw out(cartoon-style) the sequence of reactions that are used during a
competitive ELISA, and the sequence for a non-competitive ELISA. Sketch the
calibration curve that you would obtain for each – remember to label the axes
appropriately. For each say what the analyte is and what the other components are.
[10] 6. Compare FIA methods to Lab-on-a Chip methods. For each include a specific
analysis that could be carried out by that method, and point out the advantages that the
method brings to the analysis.
[10] 7.
[10] 8. You have worked in a number of industries as a Process Analytical Chemist.
Prepare notes for an hour talk to a senior chemistry class about the differences
they should expect to find as an industrial Process Analytical Chemist as opposed to a
Chemist in a Research Lab.
o
Include an example of an industrial process to illustrate your talk
o
Use GC to illustrate how instruments used for Process Analysis may differ
from ‘normal’ lab instruments.
[24]
Write brief notes on SIX of the following:
a. Chemically modified electrodes – how and why.
b. What kind of methods would be easy to automate – and why. What type
would be more difficult (although not necessarily impossible)?
c. What are some specialised Raman techniques that help change
sensitivity/elicit more information? For each, use a few phrases to describe
what is done and what benefit ensues.
d. What is a Lineweaver-Burke plot and when is it used?
e. What parameters are important when designing a system to carry out cold
vapour mercury analysis?