Download Karnataka, Bangalore

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH
SCIENCES
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT
FOR
DISSERTATION
Mr. BASIL VARGHESE
MSc Nursing IST Year
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
NEW NAVODAYA INSTITUTE OF NURSING
290/290 CHANNAPPANADODDI CROSS
GUTHAL HAMLET, MANDYA MALLAVALI ROAD
MANDYA
0
Rajiv Gandhi University Of Health Sciences
Karnataka, Bangalore
Proforma For Registration Of Subject For
Dissertation
1.
Name Of The Candidate
Basil Varghese
New Navodaya Institute Of Nursing
Mandya
2.
Name Of The Institution And
Address
New Navodaya Institute Of Nursing
290/290 Channappanadoddi Cross
Guthal Hamlet, Mandya Mallavali Road
Mandya
3.
Course Of The Study And Subject
1st Year M. Sc (Nursing)
Medical Surgical Nursing
4.
Date Of Admission To Course
5.
Title Of The Topic
30 -06-2012
“Effects of Eucalyptus oil massage on pain
reduction among osteoarthritis patients in
selected hospitals in Mandya”
1
BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:
6.0 Introduction
Osteoarthritis:
This is often called degenerative joint disease and is the most common type of arthritis
in the over-50 crowd. As a person get older, the rubbery cartilage that serves as a shock absorber
to one’s joint becomes stiff, loses its elasticity, and becomes more susceptible to damage. As the
cartilage wears away, tendons and ligaments stretch, causing pain. It can occur in almost any
joint in the body - most commonly in the fingers, hips, knees, and spine. Symptoms include joint
aching soreness, pain, and bony knots in the finger joints. Medications, painkillers, and
alternative supplements (like glucosamine and chondroitin) can to help relieve the pain. But
lifestyle changes like weight loss may also be necessary to reduce stress on weight-bearing
joints17.
Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint diseases is the most common type of arthritis and
has been recognized for centuries. Based on ongoing research on all arthritic disorder.
Osteoarthritis is no longer believed to be wear and tear disease that is normal consequence of
aging1. It is characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness and limitation of movements to joints. It is
the belief that the pharmacological treatment gives a sound effect but they are proved to produce
severe gastrointestinal side effects2.The Osteoarthritis diagnosis is based on primarily history and
physical examination two notable clinical manifestations helps to diagnosis worsening pain and
limitation of movements 1.Usually pain can be controlled by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs. The NSAID are associated with the gastric ulceration, bleeding, and renal injury3.
Eucalyptus Oil
There are hundred species of eucalyptus tree, it produce fragrant volatile oil and it as
many names like Australian fever tree, eucalyptus globules, Tasmanian blue gum and medicinal
oil known as cineol it produces camphor smell. The eucalyptus oil have so many benefits like
antiseptic mouthwash, creams to relive arthritis and muscular pain, ear cleaner, inhalant oil,
massage oil, shower mist, smelling salt and vapor chest rub4.
Eucalyptus Oil Uses Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
2
Because of the presence of tannins, eucalyptus oil produces analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Using the oil may help to relieve and treat muscle pain, sprains,
headaches, minor cuts, wounds and arthritis. To use it as a remedy for tension headache, mix
eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil and rub it at temples. Besides relieving the pain, the
combination soothes and will make feel more relaxed. Furthermore, peppermint oil contains
menthol which is also an analgesic. To relieve muscle aches and joint pains, mix eucalyptus oil
with carrier oil and massage on the affected area, can also add a few drops of the oil to massage
oil. For burns, minor cuts and wounds, dilute eucalyptus oil with water and use it as skin wash.
The essential oil has antibacterial properties and may prevent bacterial infection4.
Eucalyptus oil should not be taken by mouth or applied to the skin full-strength. It must
be diluted for safety. The diluted oil is taken by mouth for pain and swelling (inflammation) of
respiratory tract mucous membranes, coughs, bronchitis, sinus pain, inflammation, asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and respiratory infections. It is also used as an
expectorant to loosen coughs, antiseptic, fever reducer, and in vaporizer fluids4. Diluted
eucalyptus oil is applied directly to the skin for pain and swelling of respiratory tract mucous
membranes, joint pain, genital herpes, and nasal stuffiness. It is also used as an insect repellent.
In dentistry, eucalyptus oil is included in products used as sealers and solvents for root canal
fillings. In foods, dried eucalyptus leaf is used as a flavoring agent. In manufacturing, eucalyptus
oil is used as a fragrance in perfumes and cosmetics. It is also used as a mouthwash, antiseptic,
liniment and ointment, and in toothpaste, cough syrups. Natural medicines comprehensive
database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale:
effective, likely effective, possibly effective, possibly ineffective, likely ineffective, ineffective,
and insufficient evidence to rate.20
Uses of Massage Therapy
Massage therapy reduces pain. Massaging sore muscles obviously reduces pain and it is
used as the treatment for different kind of pain, basically it is found that massaging with
eucalyptus oil is effective to reduce chronic pain syndrome5. Massage is one of the most used
alternative medicines in the world. In fact, there are over 200 forms of massage. These therapies
are also used for different purposes. While these therapies involve varying bodyworks and
techniques, they all include manipulating the muscle tissues using the hand to relieve the
pressure that causes pain. For many years, people have relied on massage to reduce stress and
3
alleviate body pain. It is also used in many hospitals to aid individuals suffering from major
illnesses. In the Royal Marsden NHS Trust, massage is used to aid cancer patients who are
having difficulty in relaxing and going to sleep. Massage is also used for people who are
suffering from anxiety and fatigue5.
6.1 Need for the study
The drugs cause many of the side effects so treating of all the condition with non-medical
management is very effective and reduces the complication of the drugs. Eucalyptus oil massage
is a good method of providing cutaneous stimulation. It is particularly relaxing at bedtime and
may block pain so as to promote more comfortable sleep. Oil from the Eucalyptus tree
(Eucalyptus globulus) is used today in many cough and cold products, to relieve congestion.
Eucalyptus oil is also found in creams and ointments used to relieve muscle and joint pain, and in
some mouthwashes. The eucalyptus trees are native to Australia and serves as the main food for
koalas. The oil was used in traditional Aboriginal medicines to heal wounds and fungal
infections. Teas made of eucalyptus leaves were also used to reduce fevers. Eucalyptus soon
spread to other traditional medicine systems, including Chinese, Indian (Ayurveda), and Greek
and European6.
In 19th-century in England, eucalyptus oil was used in hospitals to clean urinary catheters.
Laboratory studies later showed that eucalyptus oil contains substances that kill bacteria. It also
may kill some viruses and fungi. Studies in animals and test tubes also found that eucalyptus oil
acts as an expectorant, meaning it loosens pain. Arthritis and Joint Pain can be reduced by a pain
relief spray. If it contains the right ingredients, it can, according to some noteworthy institutions
such as the Harvard School of Public Health, the University of Maryland Medical Center and
Langone NYU Medical Center. If someone has arthritis or another painful joint condition, this
information can help him to manage, or even eliminate, the pain that he live with every day16. If
someone suffers from arthritis, joint pain or stiff joints, there are certain all-natural ingredients
that can help to reduce the pain and stiffness, making it easier for one to move and get back to
doing the activities. If enjoyment of gardening, sports, needlework or playing with children and
grandchildren suffers because of stiffness and pain due to arthritis and other joint disorders,
should look for topical applications, such as sprays or ointments that contain one or more of
these ingredients.
4
Australian Eucalyptus Oil relieves Pain Naturally. Australian Eucalyptus oil is one of the
most proven and accepted alternative therapies for pain relief. In study and after study, patients
with arthritis, foot pain, knee pain, back pain and joint pain reported significant pain reduction
after applying eucalyptus oil to the affected areas in comparison to placebos, and even in
comparison to traditional pharmaceutical pain relievers. If someone need or want to limit their
use of aspirin, ibuprofen or acetaminophen, a topical spray that contains eucalyptus oil is one is
the best options. Researchers in various studies have postulated that eucalyptus oil may relieve
pain by exciting or confusing the pain receptors with an alternative sensation. Similar to menthol,
eucalyptus initially cools then heats the area where it applied, and the penetrating sensations
flush the pain away.
Australian Oil of Eucalyptus : The oil penetrates the skin and increases circulation,
relaxes muscles and relieves pains17.Massage is particularly helpful and cost effective and easily
accessible and the intervention can be applied to people in any position1. Oil massage is one of
the best method to reduce pain when compare to drugs it can minimize the side effects and easily
available and affordable4. Eucalyptus oil massage helps to reduce osteoarthritis pain and stress
response in associated with elevated cortical reduction and provided comfort for the client 6.
Massaging sore muscles obviously reduces pain. But massage is really meant as a whole-body
approach. “There is the overall sense of well-being one can get from the massage approach. And
the stress responses in the body associated with pain, such as elevated cortisol, are reduced
through massage. Because of the cortisol and mitochondria growth in muscles massage can be
used to treat many different kinds of pain”. Basically we have found massage to be effective in
chronic pain syndromes in arthritis and diabetes; in depressive disorders such as ones that
involve addiction like eating disorders. Field told WebMD in an interview on June 29. "We have
looked at the A-to-Z of medical conditions, and we have not found a single condition massage
has not been effective for"5.
Brennan says all trained massage therapists learn the same basic techniques. As they go
on to advanced training, massage therapists may specialize in one or more specific kinds of
massage and to practice as the non-pharmacological management to treat pain5. Brennan
recommends that a person seeking therapeutic massage should look for a well-trained
professional. Most states, she says, require that massage therapists be licensed or registered. And
the AMTA web site maintains a referral list of massage therapists who meet certain standards:
5
Graduate from a minimum 500 in-class-hour massage therapy training program, or Pass the
National Certification Examination in therapeutic massage and bodywork, or Possess a current
AMTA-accepted license to practice, and Earn continuing education credit, and "If you are
looking for someone dealing with chronic or acute pain issues, you may want to look for
someone who does sports massage, neuromuscular massage therapy, orthopedic massage, or
someone who does cranio-sacral work or uses strain/counter strain techniques," Brennan says.
"But any list like this leaves out some qualified professionals. The best thing to do is to find a
qualified massage therapist and talk with him or her about what you want massage for, be it
relaxation or pain relief5. A study is based on kid they tried with adults to get them 20 minute
massages a week," she says. "With kids, we use parents as therapists so they can give their
children massages every night, 10 minutes before bedtime. We say this because most of the
children in our studies have chronic illnesses and can really benefit from a daily dose of
massage6.
An article in December 2006- Archives of Internal Medicine reports clinical findings
from a similar study on osteoarthritis of the knee. Patients undergoing regular massage therapy
reported less stiffness and pain and noted increased physical function in their knees. Several
things happen during massage that provides particular benefit to arthritis pain sufferers, Joints
are loosened when adhesions in muscles or ligaments are broken up. The production of synovial
fluid is stimulated, thus providing additional cushioning Production of natural pain-killing
endorphins increases Spasms which cause muscle pain are reduced additionally, research shows
that massage has overall positive effects on the body: Thy are,
•
Stress hormone production decreases
•
Immune function is improved
•
Sleep is more continuous9
6.2 Review of literature
The review of literature is defined as a broad, comprehensive in depth, systematic and
critical review of scholarly print materials, audio visual material and personal communications.
6
A study conducted to evaluate whether massage can be effective for pain relief by
Princeton N.J surveyed a national sample of 1,014 U.S adults. 93% agree with the statement that
massage can be effective for pain relief. Use of massage in people age 65 and older has tripled
from 4% in 1997 to 15% in 2005. 22% of Americans had a massage in the past year; 34% had a
massage in the last five years. 73% of those who had a massage would recommend it to a person
they know. 46% of respondents at some time had a massage to relieve pain. Among 90% of
Americans feel massage is good for a person's health. Respondents who discussed massage with
their health care provider, 57% said this health professional strongly recommended massage or
encouraged them to get a massage. In conclusion massage therapy really works for relief of
arthritis pain7.
A study was conducted in USA to analyze the quantity of people suffering from both
nociceptive pain (which includes visceral and somatic pain) and neuropathic pain (a pain caused
by a lesion or disease of the somato-sensory nervous system and can be further divided into
central and peripheral neuropathic pain) and to analyze the effectiveness different pain relief
techniques such as oil massage. A large sample taken for the study, approximately 1.5 billion
people worldwide with 116 million of those people residing in the United States of America
(American Academy of Pain Medicine [AAPM], 2011), who all suffering from Chronic pain, or
pain lasting longer than six months. They analyzed the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, current
treatment and ongoing researches of neuropathic pain, and the application of essential oils for
symptom management and possible future considerations for applied aromatherapy18. In
conclusion the eucalyptus oil massage benefits are proven by the study.
A study was conducted by the Touch Research Institute in 2006 for analyzing the
effectiveness of oil massage on paining area. A large sample of adults was taken for the study
those had arthritis pain of the wrist and hand over four weeks Participants were assigned
randomly to a control group for standard treatment or a massage therapy group. The latter
participants got professional massage on the affected wrist/hand once a week, and were
instructed to perform daily self-massage. The result was that the arthritis massage therapy group
showed a lower level of anxiety, less pain and greater grip strength than the control group9.
.
A study conducted to find out the effectiveness of oil massage on pain relief in America
by Daniel J. De Noon on October 2, 2005. A sample of 320 adults who are having body pain
7
selected for the study, they got 20 min essential oil massage for a particular period of time. The
result was 20 min essential oil massage relived pain among 56% “the greatest relief from pain”
Chiropractic comes in third at 11%, followed by 8% who got the most pain relief from physical
therapy, 3% who said acupuncture was best for their pain, and 1% whose pain best responded to
biofeedback. In conclusion the study proved that essential oil massage relives pain7
A study was conducted by Simon Melov to assess the pain relief on massage. To
determine the effects of massage in the muscles, the researchers took samples of 11 young men
who had strenuous workout using stationary bikes. The volunteers went through biopsy before
exercising, 10 minutes after getting a massage, and after 2.5 hours of recovery. To compare the
difference, one of the volunteers was given massage in one of his legs. The results formally
confirmed the belief that massage can really aid in treating inflamed muscle tissues and he also
believed that the pain reduction which is associated with massage involves the same mechanism
with that of anti-inflammatory drugs or painkillers. The research showed that massage dampened
the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the muscle cells and at the same time, it promotes
the biogenesis of mitochondria8.
A study was conducted Dr. Mark Tarnopolsky to check whether oil massage is help full
in reduction of pain and to report that the massage can be of great benefit to individuals with
varying health problems. A large sample was taken for the study and came to the result that it’s a
great therapy for the elderly, for those who are suffering from musculoskeletal injuries, and for
individuals who are having chronic inflammatory diseases. He also added that massage is of
great value to the medical practice. Formally confirmed the belief that massage can really aid in
treating inflamed muscle tissues and believed that the pain reduction which is associated with
massage involves the same mechanism with that of anti-inflammatory drugs or pain killer.8
A study conducted by tiffany field et.al on June 29 interviews proved that massage to be
effective in chronic pain syndromes in arthritis and diabetes in depressive disorders such as one
involves addiction like eating disorders in chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia8
A study conducted in Australia to analyse the effectiveness of aromatherapy in aged
persons with pain. A sample of 28 residential aged care facilities were surveyed about their
8
practices and perceptions of aromatherapy in their facility. A total of 1032 (59%) residents in
these facilities received aromatherapy, with 47% receiving daily treatments. The treatments were
applied by assistants in nursing in most facilities, with activities officers and registered nurses
also applying the treatments. The one essential oil used by all facilities was lavender (Lavandula
angustifolia) followed by most facilities using tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), geranium
(Pelargonium graveolens), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and bergamot (Citrus bergamia).
Commercial blends were used by 15/28 facilities. The choice of individual essential oils and
blends suggests that aromatherapy is considered effective for both
behavioral /psychological
symptoms and physical ailments like arthritic pain. Nearly all facilities used foot baths and hand,
foot, limb and neck-and-shoulders massage. The average monthly cost of materials per person
was AUD 4.50. The result of the study was aromatherapy moderately reduces the amount of
pharmaceuticals used. The main types of pharmaceuticals perceived to be reduced by
aromatherapy were sedatives and analgesics. In conclusion aromatherapy helps in pain reduction.
A study was conducted by Mojay et.al about the anti-bacterial characteristics of essential
oils and aromatic and acupressure treatment of common musculoskeletal disorders, an Oriental
medicine approach. This study presents the inhibitory activity of 31 essential oils tested by agar
diffusion assay/ aromatogramme on 658 vaginal microorganisms, 287 Candida albicans, 121
Escherichia coli, 114 Streptococcus group B (S.agalactiae), 80 Streptococcus group D
(Enterococcus faecalis), 30 Staphylococcus aureus and 26 Staphylococcus epidermis. Statistical
analysis (reciprocal averaging) demonstrates high antimicrobial activity of certain essential oils:
Coridothymus capitatus Reichb. (Spanish oregano), Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness. (Ceylon
cinnamon), Cinnamomum cassia Ness. (Chinese cinnamon), Thymus vulgaris L. (Thyme),
Satureja hortensis, L. (savory), Thymus serpyllum L. (creeping thyme) and Pinus pinaster Ait.
(turpentine resin). The agar diffusion assay/aromatogramme ensures a more effective
aromatherapy treatment. A prescription with essential oils avoids over use of antibiotics.
Furthermore, in some cases essential oils can be combined with antibiotics in the treatment of
infectious diseases, giving faster and longer-lasting results11. Evidence does many of the most
common essential oils used in the relief of joint pain, stiffness and inflammation, the purpose of
this paper is to outline a terrain-based approach to the aromatic treatment of rheumatic conditions
- an approach that is defined by the principles of Oriental medicine. The purpose behind this is
9
not to offer an alternative therapeutic methodology, but one that is complementary to that of
science12.
A study conducted in Netherland to determine the effectiveness of Aromatherapy in the
management and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and musculoskeletal autoimmune disorders. A
large sample of patients with arthritis pain was taken for the study and essential oil massage was
given for them. The result shows in most cases, it can be of immense value, even if the patient
only attains a relaxed state following an essential oil massage. For the majority of the patients it
offered a good control of many symptoms, alleviation of their physical and emotional problems,
and achieves a high level of therapeutic Intervention in their multi-disciplinary disease
management13.
The study conducted in Korea investigating the effect of aromatherapy on pain,
depression, and feelings of satisfaction in life of arthritis patients. This study used a quasiexperimental design with a non-equivalent control group, pre-and post-test. The sample
consisted of 40 patients, enrolled in the Rheumatics Center, Kangnam, ST. Mary's Hospital,
South Korea. The essential oils used were lavender, marjoram, eucalyptus, rosemary, and
peppermint blended in proportions of 2:1:2:1:1. They were mixed with carrier oil composed of
almond (45%), apricot (45%), and jojoba oil (10%) and they were diluted to 1.5% after blending.
The data were analyzed using a 2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and paired t-test. Aromatherapy
significantly decreased both the pain score and the depression score of the experimental group
compared with the control group. However, aromatherapy didn't increase the feeling of
satisfaction in life of the experimental group compared with the control group. The result of the
study clearly shows that aromatherapy has major effects on decreasing pain and depression
levels. Based on our experiment's findings, suggest that aromatherapy can be a useful nursing
intervention for arthritis patients14.
The study conducted by Soden K, Vincent K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of
aromatherapy massage in a hospice setting, Palliative Medicine, 2004, Vol. 18, No. 2, 87-92,
Forty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive massage with or without lavender essential
oil added to the inert massage base. Outcome measures include a Visual Analog Scale of pain
intensity, a sleep scale, an anxiety and depression scale, and symptom checklist. No significant
long-term effects were found for lavender essential oil in terms of improving pain control,
anxiety or quality of life. Sleep scores improved in both groups and depression scores improved
10
in the massage-only groups15. The study Shows Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oils the
researcher have used herbal treatments to reduce pain and inflammation in joints and muscles.
The bark of the Willow tree has given us 'the wonder drug' for pain reduction, which actually
occurs due to a reduction of inflammation. Now, many professional therapist lay-practitioners
are turning to essential oils for inflammation reduction and pain relief. Essential oils provide a
very simple means of reaping the anti-inflammatory, analgesic potential of natural medicine, as
all one need to do is put a few drops of essential oil in to a base oil and massage in for quick
sometimes long lasting relief.
Just published in the Journal of Lipid Research are the results of an investigation in Japan
confirming the anti-inflammation activity in several essential oil? This supports the selection of
many essential oils used in pain relief and anti-inflammation formulas. The oils shown to reduce
inflammation through suppression of the COX-2 pro-inflammatory enzyme included herbs, like
thyme, clove and fennel; rose; eucalyptus; and even the citrus bergamot. The oils considered to
have the strongest anti-inflammation activity used in aromatherapy were not even examined,
which can mean that there are naturally a great many compounds found in essential oils that have
an anti-inflammatory effect. The most pronounced inflammation reduction in the study came
from the essential oil from Thyme herb. Further, some of the individual natural constituents of
the essential oil were examined, and it was discovered that carvacrol had the strongest activity.
Carvacrol is found in many essential oils, and is most often considered aromatherapy's most
potent anti-bacterial, and has been directly implicated in boosting immune system function in
other scientific studies. There seems to be a link between inflammation reduction, immune
system function and longevity16.
6.3 Statement of the problem:
“A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of eucalyptus oil massage on pain
reduction among osteoarthritis patients who had got admitted in selected hospitals, Mandya”.
11
6.4 objectives of the study
 Assess the pretest pain in experimental group.
 Administer Eucalyptus oil massage in experimental group.
 Evaluate the effectiveness of oil massage by comparing the Pretest and post test scores.
 Associate the pretest and posttest pain level with selected Socio demographic variable
like age, sex, religion, family Income, type of family, duration of hospitalization, and
Social support.
6.5 Operational definitions
EUCALYPTUS:
Eucalyptus essential oil is extracted from Eucalyptus globulus of the Myrtaceae family
and is also known as Tasmanian blue gum or blue gum and it’s a pain killer for joint pain.
EFFECTIVENESS:
Gain of the pain relief, the intervention is measured in terms of ratting scale prepared by
the researcher.
OIL MASSAGE:
Massage is a technique where the leg is held on various positions, stroked gently and
rhythmically to attain a relaxation response.
OSTEOARTHRITIS:
This is a degenerative joint disease and is the most common type of arthritis in the over50 crowd. As we get older, the rubbery cartilage that serves as a shock absorber to our joints
becomes stiff, loses its elasticity, and becomes more susceptible to damage.
12
PAIN:
Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with
activity or potential tissue damage. Pain is measured in the terms of pain scores by numerical
rating scale.
6.6 Assumption
1. Eucalyptus oil is easily availed by the person
2. Eucalyptus reduces the discomfort
3. Eucalyptus massage will increase the blood supply
4. Massage produces vasodilatation
6.7 Hypothesis
H1-There will be significant difference in the joint pain between the pre test and post test
level in the experimental group.
H2- There will be significant association between the pain and socio-economic variables
6.8 Delimitations
The sample size is limited to 50 patients
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS
7.1 Sources of data
Patients who are admitted in selected hospital in Mandya.
7.2 Method of data collection
 Research approach
: Quasi Experimental with manipulation, no control and
No randomization.
13
 Research design
: One group pretest posttest design.
 Sampling technique
: Non probability convenient sampling.

: Sample Size –50 Patients
Sample and sample size
Sample – Patients those who are fulfilling the sample
criteria

Setting of the study
: The study will be conducted in selected hospitals in
Mandya.

Pilot Study
: Pilot study is planed with the 10% of sample selected.
7.3 Research variables
In this study there are three variables such as demographic variables, dependent variable and
independent variable.
Demographic Variables:
Socio demographic variables like age, sex, religion, family
income, type of family, duration of hospitalization and social support in hypertensive patients in
experimental group
Independent Variable
: Eucalyptus Oil Massage.
Dependent Variable
: Osteoarthritis joint pain.
7.4 Sampling criteria
Inclusion Criteria

The patient who is diagnosed as Osteoarthritis.

Those who are willing to participate in the study.

Both males and females.
14
 Old age people above 50 years.
 Patient who knows English/ Kannada /both languages.
Exclusion Criteria
1. The patients admitted in ICU
2. The patient dependent upon pain killers
3. The patients who are unconscious.
7.5 Tools for data collection
The data collection will be done with structured interview method. It consists of 2 sections
Section A: It consists of demographic characteristic like age, sex, religion, family income, type
of family, duration of hospitalization, and social support.
Section B: It consists of structured interview method to find severity of pain by Numerical pain
scale.
7.6 Data collection procedure:

Prior to the data collection, a written
permission
will be
obtained
from
the concerned authorities and the Osteo Arthritis patients.

Content validity will be ascertained in consultation with Guide and experts in the
field of medical surgical nursing.

Structured questionnaire to elicit base line variables.

Validated program on Eucalyptus oil massage.
15
7.7 Population
The patients who are admitted in selected hospitals in Mandya.
7.7 Method of data analysis and interpretation
Data will be analyzed according to the objective of the study and by using descriptive and
inferential statistics. The plan of data analysis will be as follows
1. Organize the data in a master sheet/ computer.
2. Frequencies and percentages for the analysis of background data.
3. Mean, median, SD and ‘F’ values to determine the significance
4. Chi-square test to determine the association
7.8 Ethical Considerations

Does the study require any intervention to be provided to the patients?
Yes, (Oil Massage).

Has Ethical clearance being obtained from institution?
Yes.

Have you got consent from the hospital authority?
Yes.
16
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URL:
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17
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