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English 11H
Chu
Ode to a Nightingale
By John Keats
1
My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
My sense, as though of hemlock1 I had drunk,
Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains2
One minute past, and Lethewards3 had sunk:
’Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,
But being too happy in thine happiness,—
That thou, light-winged Dryad4 of the trees,
In some melodious plot
Of beechen5 green, and shadows numberless,
Singest of summer in full-throated ease.
2
O, for a draught of vintage!6 that hath been
Cooled a long age in the deep-delved earth,
Tasting of Flora7 and the country green,
Dance, and Provencal8 song, and sunburnt mirth!
O for a beaker full of the warm South,
Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene9,
With beaded bubbles winking at the brim,
And purple-stained mouth;
1
hemlock: noun poison
drains: noun plural dregs
3
Lethewards: toward Lethe. In Greek and Roman mythology, Lethe is the river of forgetfulness that flows through
the underworld.
4
Dryad: In Greek mythology, nature goddess associated with trees.
5
beechen: adjective archaic for “pertaining to beech trees”
6
vintage: noun wine
7
Flora: the richness of flowers. Flora is the Roman goddess of flowers.
8
Provencal: from Provence, a region in southern France known in the Middle Ages for its troubadors singing love
songs.
9
blushful Hippocrene: wine, which he would drink for inspiration. IN Greek mythology, Hippocrene is the Muses’
fountain, whose waters inspire the poets who drink from it.
2
ELA Content Standard 3.1 (Structural Features of Literature)
ELA Content Standard 3.3 (Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text)
English 11H
Chu
That I might drink, and leave the world unseen,
And with thee fade away into the forest dim:
3
Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget
What thou among the leaves hast never known,
The weariness, the fever, and the fret
Here, where men sit and hear each other groan;
Where palsy10 shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs,
Where youth grows pale, and specter-thin, and dies;
Where but to think is to be full of sorrow
And leaden-eyed despairs,
Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,
Or new Love pine at them beyond tomorrow.
4
Away! away! for I will fly to thee,
Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards,11
But on the viewless wings of Poesy,12
Though the dull brain perplexes and retards:
Already with thee! tender is the night,
And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne,
Clustered around by all her starry Fays;13
But here there is no light,
Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown
Through verdurous14 glooms and winding mossy ways.
10
palsy: noun a disease of the nervous system that causes partial paralysis and involuntary shaking
Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards: not by getting drunk. Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, had a chariot
pulled by leopards, shortened here to “pards.”
12
on the viewless wings of Poesy: on the invisible wings of poetry; that is, by using his poetic imagination.
13
Fays: noun plural fairies
14
verdurous: adjective full of green foliage
11
ELA Content Standard 3.1 (Structural Features of Literature)
ELA Content Standard 3.3 (Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text)
English 11H
Chu
5
I cannot see what flowers are at my feet,
Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs,
But, in embalmed15 darkness, guess each sweet
Wherewith the seasonable month endows
The grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild;
White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine;16
Fast fading violets covered up in leaves;
And mid-May’s eldest child,
The coming17 musk-rose, full of dewy wine,
The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves.
6
Darkling18 I listen; and, for many a time
I have been half in love with easeful Death,
Called him soft names in many a mused rhyme,
To take into the air my quiet breath;
Now more than ever seems it rich to die,
To cease upon the midnight with no pain,
While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad
In such an ecstasy!
Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain—
To thy high requiem19 become a sod.20
7
Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird!
No hungry generations tread thee down;
The voice I hear this passing night was heard
15
embalmed: adjective perfumed
eglantine: noun kind of rose
17
coming: adjective soon to bloom
18
darkling: adjective archaic for “in the dark”
19
requiem: noun mass or song for the dead
20
sod: noun piece of topsoil held together by the matted roots of living grasses
16
ELA Content Standard 3.1 (Structural Features of Literature)
ELA Content Standard 3.3 (Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text)
English 11H
Chu
In ancient days by emperor and clown:
Perhaps the self-same song that found a path
Through the sad heart of Ruth,21 when, sick for home,
She stood in tears amid the alien corn;22
The same that oft-times hath
Charmed magic casements,23 opening on the foam
Of perilous seas, in fairy lands forlorn.
8
Forlorn! the very word is like a bell
To toil me back from thee to my sole self!
Adieu! the fancy24 cannot cheat so well
As she is famed to do, deceiving elf.
Adieu! adieu! thy plaintive25 anthem fades
Past the near meadows, over the still stream,
Up the hill-side; and now ’tis buried deep
In the next valley-glades:
Was it a vision, or a waking dream?
Fled is that music:—Do I wake or sleep?
21
Ruth: in the Bible, a young widow who left her own people to go with her mother-in-law to a strange land.
corn: noun British generic term for grain
23
casements: noun plural windows. Images of open windows intrigued Keats.
24
fancy: noun imagination
25
plaintive: adjective sad; mournful
22
ELA Content Standard 3.1 (Structural Features of Literature)
ELA Content Standard 3.3 (Narrative Analysis of Grade-Level-Appropriate Text)