Download Joints of the Lower Limb Lab Session 12

Joints of the Lower Limb
Lab Session 12
Dr. Hayder Jalil Al-Assam
MBChB (Iraq), MRes Anatomy (UK)
Email: [email protected]
Hip Joint
• Articulation; between
the head of the femur
and the cup-shaped
acetabulum of the hip
bone .
• Type: synovial ball-andsocket joint.
• Capsule: is attached to
the acetabular labrum
medially . Laterally, it is
attached to the
intertrochanteric line of
the femur in front and
halfway along the
posterior aspect of the
neck of the bone behind.
Hip Joints
Ligaments:
1- The iliofemoral ligament, inverted Y-shaped
ligament. This strong ligament prevents
overextension during standing.
The pubofemoral ligament is triangular in shape.
This ligament limits extension and abduction.
The ischiofemoral ligament is spiral shaped and is
attached to the body of the ischium near the
acetabular margin. Laterally, it is attached to the
greater trochanter. This ligament limits extension.
The transverse acetabular ligament is formed by the
acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch
The ligament of the head of the femur is flat and
triangular is shape.
Knee Joint
•
Articulation: between the condyles of the femur with the
condyles of the tibia (Tibial plateaus) and in front the
articulation between the lower end of the femur and the patella.
• Type: synovial joint of the hinge variety with some degree of
rotatory movement. The joint between the patella and femur is
a synovial joint of the plane gliding variety.
• Capsule: is attached to the margins of the articular surfaces and
surrounds the sides and posterior aspect of the joint.
1. On the front of the joint, the capsule is absent, permitting the
synovial membrane to pouch upward beneath the quadriceps
tendon, forming the suprapatellar bursa.
2. On each side of the patella, the capsule is strengthened by
expansions from the tendons of vastus lateralis and medialis.
3. Behind the joint, the capsule is strengthened by an expansion
of the semimembranous muscle called the oblique popliteal
ligament.
Knee Joint
Ligaments:
Extracapsular Ligaments
1. Ligamentum patellae.
2. Lateral collateral ligament (Tendon of the popliteus muscle intervenes between
the ligament and the lateral meniscus).
3. Medial collateral ligament (firmly attached to the edge of the medial meniscus.
4. Oblique popliteal ligament
Knee Joint
Intracapsular Ligaments
1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament: passes
upward, backward, and laterally, to the
posterior part of the medial surface of
the lateral femoral condyle.
2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament: passes
upward, forward, and medially to be
attached to the anterior part of the
lateral surface of the medial femoral
condyle.
3. Menisci: are C-shaped sheets of
fibrocartilage. The peripheral border is
attached to the capsule, and the inner
border is free edge.
Bursae Related to the Knee Joint
Anterior Bursae
1.The suprapatellar bursa (communicates with
the joint cavity).
2.The prepatellar bursa (in the subcutaneous
tissue between the skin and the front of the
lower half of the patella and the upper part of the
ligamentum patellae )
3.The superficial infrapatellar bursa (in the
subcutaneous tissue between the skin and the
front of the lower part of the ligamentum
patellae)
4.The deep infrapatellar bursa (between the
ligamentum patellae and the tibia)
Bursae Related to the Knee Joint
• Posterior Bursae
1.The popliteal bursa is found in association with the tendon of
the popliteus and communicates with the joint cavity.
2.The semimembranosus bursa is found related to the insertion of
the semimembranosus muscle and may communicate with the
joint cavity.
3.The remaining four bursae are found related to the tendon of
insertion of the
A - tendon of insetion of biceps femoris
B - tendons of insertion of the sartorius, gracilis, and
semitendinosus muscles
C - beneath the lateral head of origin of the gastrocnemius
muscle
D - beneath the medial head of origin of the gastrocnemius
muscle
Ankle Joint
• Articulation: between the lower
end of the tibia, the two
malleoli, and the body of the
talus.
• Type: The ankle is a synovial
hinge joint.
• Capsule: The capsule encloses
the joint and is attached to the
bones near their articular
margins.
Ankle Joint
• Ligaments
1. The medial (deltoid) ligament is strong and is
attached by its apex to the tip of the medial
malleolus. Below, the deep fibers are attached
to the nonarticular area on the medial surface
of the body of the talus; the superficial fibers
are attached to the medial side of the talus, the
sustentaculum tali, the plantar
calcaneonavicular ligament, and the tuberosity
of the navicular bone.
2. The lateral ligament is weaker than the medial
ligament and consists of three bands:
A- The anterior talofibular ligament runs from the
lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the talus.
B- The calcaneofibular ligament runs from the tip
of the lateral malleolus downward and backward to
the lateral surface of the calcaneum.
C- The posterior talofibular ligament runs from the
lateral malleolus to the posterior tubercle of the
talus.
Thank You