Download UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE

UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE – Genetics Basics
Date: _____________________ Block: ______________
GENETIC MATERIAL
1.
SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
DNA & RNA
Complete the table below by using check marks to indicate to
which molecule each characteristic applies
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid
Ribose sugar present
Deoxyribose sugar present
Phosphate group present
Adenine nucleotide present
Thymine nucleotide present
Uracil nucleotide present
Guanine nucleotide present
Cytosine nucleotide present
Formed from nucleotides
Double stranded
Single stranded
Remains in the nucleus
Moves out of the nucleus
Contains a chemical message
code types
Containsormultiple
RNA
2. Name the three (3) main types of RNA and describe their
function:
Type of
RNA
Function
3. Using the information above; complete the VenDiagram below comparing and contrasting DNA
& RNA. On your test you will be asked to either complete a VenDiagram or write an essay
comparing and contrasting them.
4. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
a.
________________________________ (color brown below)
b.
________________________________ (color purple below)
c.
________________________________ (color green below)
According to the above list… color-code each of the three parts on the nucleotide
picture below (see above for colors).
5. Label and color code (you pick the colors) each specific nucleotide below:
DNA REPLICATION
1. What is the PURPOSE of DNA Replication?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
2. When does DNA Replication occur?
________________________________________________________________________
_________________
3. Fill in the table below with the enzymes we discussed that are involved in DNA Replication
(in order) and their functions:
Step
Enzyme
Function(s)
#
1
2
1. Using the table below; describe the two steps of Protein synthesis… answering the
questions as you go…
Step #
Description of Process
Location of
Process
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
1. If you were given the following DNA strands; complete the protein synthesis of each…
a. Strand #1
DNA strand: ATGGAGTGCAGTCGAGGGCTGGGCTAG
_________:_____________________________________
_________: _____________________________________
b. Strand #2
DNA strand: ATGCCCGGTTTAGCTATGGTAAA
_________: _____________________________________
_________: _____________________________________
2. When comparing different organisms, you can see that they all have the same bases in
DNA (A, T, G, and C)… what accounts for the differences between the organisms?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
MUTATIONS
1. What is a Mutation?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
2. Describe the four main types of mutations using the table below:
Type of Mutation
Cause(s)
Example
Insertion
Deletion
Trisomy
Spontaneous
3. Describe the statement that “all mutations are not bad.” Describe in the space provided
how a mutation may be a helpful thing in an organism
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Be able to complete and interpret a punnett square for the following types of traits
Simple Mendelian Inheritance
Cross a heterozygous plant with a homozygous wrinkled plant.
R = Round
r = wrinkled
Parents: ___________ x ___________
Percentages of:
Homozygous round plant: _________
Heterozygous round plant: _________
Homozygous wrinkled plant: _________
If 430 offspring results… how many would be
wrinkled? ________
Dihybrid cross
Make the key…
Tall is dominant to short and
blue is recessive to purple…
Cross a short, blue with a heterozygous tall, homozygous purple
wrinkled plant.
Parents: ___________ x ___________
Percentages of:
Short, blue plant:
_________
Short, purple plant:
_________
Tall, blue plant:
_________
Tall, purple plant:
_________
If 1247 offspring results…
how many would be tall and
blue? ________
Incomplete dominance
R = Red
W = White
Cross a pink flower with a white flower.
Parents: ___________ x ___________
Percentage of:
White flowers: __________
Red flowers: __________
Pink flowers: ________
If 625 offspring results… how many would be pink?
________
Multiple Alleles
Allele Combinations:
Type A = _____ & _____
Type B = _____ & _____
Type O = _____
Type AB = _____
Cross a parent who is heterozygous Type A with a parent who is
homozygous Type B
Parents: ___________ x ___________
Percentage of:
Type A blood: __________
Type B blood: __________
Type AB blood: __________
Type O blood: __________
Sex-linked Inheritance
Female Sex Chromosomes:
_______
Male Sex Chromosomes:
_______
G = Green Eyes
g = Blue Eyes
Cross a father with blue eyes with a mother who is heterozygous
for Green eyes
Parents: ___________ x ___________
Percentage of:
Females with Green Eyes: _____________
Females with Blue Eyes: _____________
Males with Green Eyes: ____________
Males with Blue Eyes: ____________
General Questions
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
6.)
7.)
8.)
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10.)
11.)
12.)
13.)
14.)
15.)
What is the normal chromosome number for a human?
What are the sex chromosomes for a male?
What are the sex chromosomes for a female?
The autosomes are the first ________ chromosomes.
What chromosome #s represent the sex chromosomes?
Who is the father of genetics?
What does the principle of dominance state?
What does the principle of independent assortment state?
What does the principle of segregation state?
Why are males more likely to have a sex-linked disorder?
How are the many different skin colors produced?
What blood types can receive from blood type B?
What blood type(s) can give to all others?
What blood types can type A receive from?
Mom is type A and baby is type O. If the suspected father is type B, can he truly be the child’s father?