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DRUG\KP\96\CE\1 P. 1 DRUGS I. Definition Drugs are substances/chemical which can change the state or fnction of our body after intake them into our body. II. Types of some common drugs in daily life (1) Anti-acid/antcid - they are drugs that can cure stomach disturbance (e.g. stomachache) due to excess acid (hydrochloric acid) in the stomach through neutralization. Thus the active ingredients in them are base such as magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)_] or sometimes sodium hydrogen carbonate [NaHCO_]. Equation : Mg(OH)_(s) + 2 HCl ───> MgCl_(aq) + 2 H_O(l) (2) Painkilling drugs (drugs used as painkiller) Type of Painkilling Drugs Active ingredients (1) Aspirin* acetylsalicylate (2) Panadol* paracetamol (acetaminophen) (3) Saridon paracetamol (acetaminophen), caffeine (4) Tylenol paracetamol (acetaminophen) (The first two which have * on them are the most important ones.) (3) Cough mixtures - to cure cough. Some of them may contain codeine or morphine as their ingredients. Both codeine and morphine may cause drowsiness (sleep feeling). III. Adverse side effects of drugs (1) Acetylsalicylate (in aspirin) - may cause damage to stomach lining (stomach wall and internal bleeding in stomach and large dose can even cause death due to salicylate poisoning. (2) Codeine and morphine (in some couigh mixtures) - may cause drowsiness (sleep feeling). (3) Overdose or abuse use of drugs will be very dangerous: (i) It may lead to addiction (may be physical dependence and/or psychological dependence. [Note: (a) Physical dependence means the drug user feels pain or sickness when use of drug is stopped. (b) Psychological dependence means the drug user feels mentally lost without the drug.] DRUG\KP\94\CE\S DRUGS P. 2 (ii) There are four main types of drugs that are commonly abused: Type Example (1) Analgestics (i) narcotic Morphine (ii) non-narcotic Aspirin (2) Hallucinogens Canabis and LSD (3) Stimulants Caffaine, Amphetamine and Cocaine (4) Depressants Heroin, Codeine and Morphine VI. Smoking and Burning Cigarettes (Tobacco) (1) A person smoking tobacco (cigarettes) may be regarded taking a drug as tobacco contains many drugs, the main one is nicotine. Indeed in burning cigarettes, it releases particulates, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and tar besides nicotine. (2) Adverse effects of smoking tobacco (i) It is harmful to the respiratory system. (ii) Nicotine is addictive. (iii) Some chemicals in cigarette smoke are suspected carcinogens. (iv) Tar is harmful to the lung. **** E N D ***