Download Unit 2: Cell Biology Study Guide

Name: ________________________________
Date: ______________Period: ____________
Unit 3: Genetics Study Guide
Vocabulary
In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms in the space provided.
1. heredity: ____________________________________________________________________
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2. DNA:_______________________________________________________________________
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3. dominant trait:_______________________________________________________________
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4. recessive trait:________________________________________________________________
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5. genes:_______________________________________________________________________
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6. alleles:______________________________________________________________________
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7. Punnett Square:_______________________________________________________________
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8. genotype:____________________________________________________________________
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9. phenotype:___________________________________________________________________
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10. sex cells:_____________________________________________________________________
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11. mitosis:_____________________________________________________________________
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12. offspring:____________________________________________________________________
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13. inherited:____________________________________________________________________
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14. sibling:______________________________________________________________________
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15. fertilized: ___________________________________________________________________
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Cell Biology Unit
GJUHSD
1
Study Guide
2006-2007
16. traits:_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Fill in the blank
17. A fertilized egg receives One set(s) of chromosomes from EACH parent.
18. An offspring inherits 50 % DNA from its mother and 50 % from its father.
19. A trait that requires two of the same allele to be observed is called recessive.
20. A trait that requires only one allele to be observed is called dominant.
21. A gene is a segment of DNA that determines the inheritance of a particular trait.
22. The hereditary material in a cell is DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid.
23. Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
24. The form of a trait which shows up even when only inherited from one parent is the
dominant form.
25. The form of the trait which shows up only when inherited from both parents is the
recessive form.
26. Multicellular organisms replace dead or damaged cells using the Cell Cycle.
Short Answer – Answer using compete sentences
27. Using the above diagram, identify the picture that matches each phase
Phase
Picture
D
DNA is replicated and cell parts are copied
E
Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
A
Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell
B
Nuclear membrane breaks down and DNA condense into
chromosomes
C
Nuclear membranes form around the two sets of chromosomes
Cell Biology Unit
GJUHSD - MLK
2
Study Guide
2006-2007
28. Why is DNA duplicated during mitosis?
So the daughter cell is identical to the mother cell
29. Why do cells go through mitosis? Allows organisms to grow, duplicate, replace
dead or damaged cells
30. How do eukaryotic cells replicate and divide their genetic material?
Examine the Punnett square below, and then answer the questions that follow.
31. What are the missing alleles? T and T
32. How many different genotypes can be found in the offspring? 2 different
genotypes: TT and Tt
Examine the Punnett Square below and answer the questions that follow. P is a purple
allele and p is a white allele
P
p
p
Pp
pp
p
Pp
pp
33. How many of the offspring are Pp? What is their phenotype?
2 of the possible offspring are Pp and their phenotype is purple.
34. How many of the offspring are pp? What is their phenotype?
2 of the possible offspring are pp and their phenotype is white.
35. What is the function of DNA?
DNA is the hereditary material that directs cell activities by providing
instructions for the activities of the cell.
36. List five examples of traits that are inherited.
Eye Color, Dimples, Skin color, Widow’s peak, natural hair color.
Cell Biology Unit
GJUHSD - MLK
3
Study Guide
2006-2007
37. List five examples of traits that are not inherited.
Taste in books, favorite music, taste in clothing, length of hair.
38. Why do offspring look like their parents?
Offspring inherit genetic material (DNA) from their parents: 50% from mom
and 50% from dad
Dominant Traits
tongue rolling = R crooked fingers = C
Recessive Traits
non-rolling = r
straight fingers = c
brown eyes = B
6 fingers/toes = P
blue eyes = b
5 fingers/toes = p
Use the information above to answer the following questions.
39. If a woman has the genotype Cc what would her phenotype be? Crooked fingers
40. If a man has the genotype PP what would his phenotype be? Six fingers/toes
41. If a woman had the genotype rr what would her phenotype be? Non-rolling tongue
42. If a man had the genotype Bb what would his phenotype be? Brown eyes
43. Define and give an example of a phenotype.
A phenotype is an observable trait. Examples are tall pea plant, purple
flowers, brown hair, blue eyes, etc.
44. Define and give an example of a genotype.
A geneotype type is the kinds of genes an aorganis has. Examples are Pp, Bb,
BB, bb, pp, etc. (the symbols that represents each allele of the gene).
45. How are traits related to genes?
Cell Biology Unit
GJUHSD - MLK
4
Study Guide
2006-2007