Download Chapter 9: 1866-1889

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Chapter 9: 1866-1889
Reconstruction and the New South
•ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What were Lincoln’s plans for rebuilding the South after the Civil War?
Section 1:
Lincoln and Reconstruction
•What words do I need to know?
freedmen
Freedmen’s Bureau
Reconstruction
disfranchise
Thirteenth Amendment
nullify
assassinated
•What people do I need to know?
Abraham Lincoln
John Wilkes Booth
Andrew Johnson
Conditions in Georgia at the end of the war:
•farms were in ruins
•homes, _____________, bridges, __________ were destroyed or in need of repair
•not enough ________
•banks were closed – Confederate money was _________________
•the state owed $20,000,000 in ________ debt
•________________ Georgians had died of wounds or disease – many more were ________________ and
could not work
The Freedmen
•Problems of freedmen (former slaves):
–__________________
–hungry
–___________________
–free for the 1st time
–no _____________ or goods
•Many former slaves feared re-enslavement
•Most whites had difficulty treating freeman as free persons
The Freedmen’s Bureau
•Started as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands by ________ government in 1865
•Its job was to help __________________ and _________________ with basic needs of food, clothing,
and shelter
•The purpose shifted to education
–Set up __________________ primary schools
–Started industrial schools for _____________training
–Started _________________-training schools
•Missionaries started schools like ______________________, ______________________and
________________________________.
Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction
•Lincoln wanted to ____________ and ____________ the south to the Union as soon as possible
•“Reconstruction” would have two parts:
•Southerners would be pardoned after ____________________________________;
•When _____% of voters had taken the oath, the state could rejoin the Union and form a state government.
•Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865 by John Wilkes Booth during a play at Ford’s Theater .
•Vice President ________________ took over as President.
•Lincoln’s plan to reconstruct the south was challenged. Some northerners called
“_________________________” thought the south should be more severely punished.
•The Radical Republicans wanted to make sure the freedmen _____________________________.
•Confederate President _________________________ was captured and imprisoned.
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
•In addition to Lincoln’s requirements, President Johnson added a few more. Southern states had to:
1. _______________ (ratify) the _________ Amendment (outlawing slavery);
2. ___________________ their ordinances of secession;
3. promise not to repay money borrowed from private investors to pay for the war.
Section9. 2:
Reconstruction in Georgia
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What changes occurred in Georgia during Reconstruction?
•What words do I need to know?
Provisional
Fourteenth Amendment
Ku Klux Klan
Fifteenth Amendment
Credit
What people do I need to know?
James Johnson
discrimination
Carpetbagger
suffrage
impeach
tenant farming
Black Codes
scalawag
Georgia Act
sharecropping
General John Pope
Henry McNeal Turner
The Constitutional Convention of 1865
•President Johnson appointed _____________________ as Georgia’s provisional Governor.
•Governor ________________ held a Constitutional Convention. The representatives voted to
___________ slavery and ______________ the ordinance of secession.
•Elections were held in November 1865 for a new legislature.
•The General Assembly voted to extend rights to ____________________.
Congressional Reconstruction
•Congress was angry about Georgia’s Black Codes, so it passed the ________________________ of 1866.
This law gave:
1. __________________ to all freedmen;
2. the federal government power to _____________ any time civil rights were taken from freedmen.
•The 14th Amendment was passed granting __________________ to freedmen and required
“____________________________________________________.”
•Congress required southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment.
•Georgia and most of the other southern states _______________________.
•Congress abolished these states’ governments and put them under ______________________________.
•Georgia was governed by General John Pope.
•Pope was required to _______________________________ voters – black and white. These voters would
elect new representatives to form a new state government.
Constitutional Convention of 1867
•Georgia male voters elected delegates to the convention to create a new state constitution.
•Delegates were carpetbaggers (northerners who had moved south), scalawags (southerners who sided with
the Republicans), and blacks.
•Accomplishments of the Convention:
1.
2.
3.
A new constitution ensuring civil rights for all citizens;
Free public education for all children;
Women were allowed to control their own property.
•Georgia had satisfied Congress, so General Pope and his troops left the state.
Black Codes
•Black Codes were laws passed to keep freedmen from having the same rights as whites.
Didn’t allow blacks: the same jobs as whites, the right to vote, the right to marry a white person,
jury service, or the right to testify.
2. Blacks could be: whipped as punishment, forced to work from sunrise to sunset six days per week,
or put in jail if they didn’t have a job.
African Americans in Politics
1.
•The election of 1867 was the first time African Americans had voted.
•Several African Americans were elected to Georgia’s General Assembly.
•Rev. Henry McNeal Turner was one of the first black men elected in Georgia.
•The African Americans elected to the General Assembly were expelled in 1868.
•It was argued by whites that civil rights laws gave blacks the right to vote but not to be elected.
Ku Klux Klan
•Secret organization – originally started as a social club for men returning from the war.
•Members hid behind robes and masks.
•The group terrorized blacks to keep them from voting.
•As a result, Congress passed “The Georgia Act” and sent troops back to Georgia.
•The act required Georgia to pass the 15th Amendment giving all males the right to vote.
Economic Reconstruction
•Without slaves, landowners needed laborers to work their large farms.
•Two systems emerged: tenant farming and sharecropping.
•Cotton was Georgia’s most important crop.
•Continuous growing of tobacco and cotton ruined the soil on many farms.
•Railroads expanded across the state.
•Savannah and Brunswick became important shipping ports.
•Atlanta began its growth into an important business center.
The End of Reconstruction
•The African Americans who had been expelled from the General Assembly in 1868 were readmitted by
the Georgia Supreme Court in 1870.
•The Assembly approved the 14th and 15th Amendments.
•Georgia was readmitted to the Union, again, ending Reconstruction.
Section9. 2:
Reconstruction in Georgia
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What changes occurred in Georgia during Reconstruction?
•
What words do I need to know?
Provisional
discrimination
Fourteenth Amendment
Carpetbagger
Ku Klux Klan
suffrage
Fifteenth Amendment
impeach
Credit
tenant farming
What people do I need to know?
James Johnson
General John Pope
Black Codes
scalawag
Georgia Act
sharecropping
Henry McNeal Turner
1. Know the differences between the 3 Reconstruction plan (that you completed on the chart)
2What are 2 outcomes of the Constitutional Convention of 1865?
A. Elections were_____________________________________________________________________________________________
B. General Assembly voted to extend _____________________________________________________________________________
3. Who were the majority of delegates to the Constitutional convention of 1867.
____________________, _________________________ and ____________________
4. What were 3 accomplishments of this convention?
A.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Define Black Codes________________________________________________________________________________________
A. Black Code didn’t allow blacks the ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. Blacks could be: whipped as punishment, ______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. What was significant about the GA election in 1867?____________________________________________________________
A. Who was Henry McNeal Turner?______________________________________________________________________________
B. What happened to the African Americans legislators in 1868?_______________________________________________________
C. Why did this happen?_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. Ku Klux Klan:
A. Who were they?___________________________________________________________________________________________
B. What was their purpose? ____________________________________________________________________________________
C. How did they dress and why did they dress that way?______________________________________________________________
C. How did they impact blacks? _________________________________________________________________________________
8. Economic Reconstruction:
A. Without slaves, landowners needed _____________________ to ____________________________________________________.
B. How is tenant farming DIFFERENT from SHARECROPPING? _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C. ___________ was GA’s most important crop.
D. Continuous growing of cotton and tobacco ruined________________________________________________________________.
E. What was the railroad’s impact on GA?_________________________________________________________________________
F. What were the two shipping ports in GA? ________________ and ________________
G. _______________began its growth into an important business center.
9. The End of Reconstruction
A. What happened to the expelled legislators?_____________________________________________________________________
B. What amendments were approved by the General Assembly and define the amendments .________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C. When GA was _________________ to the _____________________, Reconstruction _______________________.